椭球坐标系下多震相地震射线追踪          下载免费PDF全文

李兴旺  白超英 《地球物理学报》2017,60(9):3368-3377

地震射线追踪方法技术在地震学领域有着较为广泛的应用,然而大多数算法建立在直角坐标系或球坐标系下,实际地球并非完美的球体,而是两极略扁的椭球体,因此,球坐标系下计算结果与真实情况存在一定误差.传统的做法一般是在球坐标系下进行计算,而后进行椭球校正.本文提出了一种直接在椭球体模型中采用分区多步最短路径算法进行多震相地震射线追踪的方法技术,实现了椭球坐标系下多震相地震波射线路径追踪和走时计算.与解析解的对比表明:该算法具有较高的计算精度,适用于任意形状的椭球体,且不需要进行额外的走时校正.数值模拟结果表明,计算所得P波和PcP反射波的走时与AK135走时表的误差小于0.1 s.当震中距较大时,使用球对称模型和椭球体模型计算所得的走时差异显著,说明采用椭球坐标系的必要性.  相似文献   

Equivalent formulae of stress Green's functions for a constant slip rate on a triangular fault          下载免费PDF全文

Xi Feng  Haiming Zhang 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(3):115-123

We present an equivalent form of the expressions first obtained by Tada(Geophys J Int 164:653–669,2006. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246 X.2006.03868.x), which represents the transient stress response of an infinite, homogeneous and isotropic medium to a constant slip rate on a triangular fault that continues perpetually after the slip onset. Our results are simpler than Tada's, and the corresponding codes have a higher running speed.  相似文献   

基于气温的浮冰侧向融化速率参数化方案实验研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

艾润冰  谢涛  刘彬贤  赵立  方贺 《海洋学报》2020,42(5):150-158

为定量探究影响冰层侧向融化的主导因素，并简化冰层侧向融化速率参数化方案，在实验室模拟了无风、静水、无辐射、纯热力学条件下纯水冰的融化过程，测量了冰层的侧向融化量，并记录了融化期间实验室气温、冰面皮温、水温及冰温等要素。观测结果表明，无辐射纯热力学条件下冰层侧向融化整体较均匀，侧向上层和下层融化速率相对中间层较快；相关性分析结果表明，气温与水温、冰温、冰面皮温之间都有很好的线性相关；信息流结果表明，气温是影响冰层侧向融化的最主要因素；最后通过拟合建立了用气温表征冰层侧向融化速率的参数化方案，并与前人的方案进行了比较，结果显示本文参数化方案模拟效果较好，所得标准偏差最小，为0.08 mm/h，达到了简化参数的目的。  相似文献   

Accelerating shear velocity in gravel-bed channels     

HOSSEIN AFZALIMEHR  FRANÇOIS ANCTIL 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):113-124

Abstract

The behaviour of the shear velocity along a gravel-bed channel is investigated experimentally in the presence of a negative pressure gradient (accelerating flow). Different methods of estimation of the shear velocity, derived from vertical profiles of the mean longitudinal point velocity, are examined and a new method is proposed. Results show that the proposed method of estimation is comparable to the St Venant and Clauser's methods. At a specific cross section, for constant bottom slope and relative roughness, shear velocity increases with discharge.  相似文献   

不同物理过程参数化方案对贵州降水预报的敏感性试验   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

伍红雨  陈德辉  徐国强 《气象》2007,33(4):23-28

利用我国新一代数值预报模式GRAPES，采用6个不同的参数化方案组合：即选择Kessler、NCEP3_class simple ice和simple ice（developed by LiuQijun，CAMS）微物理过程参数化方案和Kain-Fritseh（new Eta）、Betts-Miller-Janjie积云参数化方案形成6个组合，对2004年贵州汛期的降水过程进行48小时的预报试验，对预报结果进行对比分析并与实况资料进行比较、检验。结果表明：GRAPES模式适合对贵州的降水预报；积云参数化方案对降水的影响比微物理过程参数化方案对降水的影响大。simpleice方案与Betts-Miller-Janjie方案组合对贵州降水的预报较好，这些结果对提高GRAPES模式对贵州降水的预报能力有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

用于声波方程数值模拟的时间-空间域有限差分系数确定新方法   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

梁文全  杨长春  王彦飞  刘红伟 《地球物理学报》2013,56(10):3497-3506

声波方程数值模拟已广泛应用于理论地震计算,同时构成了地震逆时偏移成像技术的基础.对于有限差分法而言,在满足一定的稳定性条件时,普遍存在着因网格化而形成的数值频散效应.如何有效地缓解或压制数值频散是有限差分方法研究的关键所在.为精确求解空间偏导数,相继发展了高阶差分格式优化方法和伪谱方法.近期,为更好地缓解数值频散,提出了时间-空间域有限差分方法,该方法采用了泰勒展开近似方法来确定有限差分格式系数,因而只能保证在一定的小范围内很好的拟合波场传播规律.为进一步压制数值频散效应,本文引入了时间-空间域特定波数点满足频散关系的方法,根据震源、波速和网格间距确定波数范围,同时考虑了多个传播角度,然后建立方程确定了相应的有限差分格式系数,使得差分系数能在更大范围符合波场传播规律.通过频散分析和正演模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性.  相似文献   

最优化辛格式广义离散奇异核褶积微分算子地震波场模拟   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘少林  李小凡  汪文帅  鲁明文  张美根 《地球物理学报》2013,56(7):2452-2462

将波动方程变换至Hamilton体系,构造了一种新的保结构算法,即最优化辛格式广义褶积微分算子(OSGCD). 在时间离散上,首先引入了Lie算子设计二级二阶辛格式,基于最小误差原理得到了优化的辛格式. 在空间离散上,引入广义离散奇异核褶积微分算子计算空间微分,提出了一种有效方法优化GCD并得到了稳定的算子系数. 针对本文发展的新方法,给出了OSGCD稳定性条件. 在数值实验中,将OSGCD与多种方法比较,从精度和计算效率两方面分析了OSGCD的计算优势,计算结果也表明OSGCD长时程以及非均匀介质中地震波模拟亦具有较强能力.  相似文献   

Simulation of dam-break waves on movable beds using a multi-stage centered scheme     

Stefania EVANGELISTA  Mustafa S.ALTINAKAR  Cristiana DI CRISTO  Angelo LEOPARDI 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(3):269-284

This paper presents the application of the multi-stage first-order centered scheme GMUSTA to solve a two-phase flow model with four equations for simulating dam-break floods without and with sediment transport.Computation of generalized Riemann invariants can be particularly complex and costly in simulating dam-break floods with sediment transport.GMUSTA numerical scheme,which does not require complete knowledge of the eigenstructure of the hyperbolic mathematical model,offers a suitable and attractive option.The quality of the dam-break flood simulations with GMUSTA scheme is verified by comparing the results against laboratory tests and some experimental data available in the literature,on fixed and mobile bed conditions,with different bed materials and flush or stepped bottoms.The numerical results reproduce quite well the experimental evidence,proving that the model is capable of predicting the temporal evolution of the free-surface and the bed.The GMUSTA scheme,which is not only simple to implement but also both accurate and computationally efficient,is proposed as an appropriate tool for integrating non-equilibrium sediment-transport models.  相似文献   

A hillslope-based hydrological model using catchment area and width functions     

DAWEN YANG  SRIKANTHA HERATH  KATUMI MUSIAKE 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):49-65

Abstract

A flow-interval hillslope discretization scheme is proposed for catchment hydrological modelling. By this scheme, a two-dimensional catchment is simplified into a one-dimensional cascade of flow intervals linked by the main stream. Each flow interval comprises a set of parallel hillslopes. The hillslope is the fundamental computational unit in the hydrological model providing lateral inflow to the main stream. The size of hillslope is determined by the catchment area and width functions. Catchment runoff is the total of hillslope responses through the river routing. Tests in four Japanese catchments showed that the model performed well on simulating the overall water balance, general flow pattern, and daily and hourly hydrographs of a whole catchment, as well as simultaneous simulation in different subcatchments. Characteristics of catchment hydrological responses and model applicability are discussed.  相似文献   

A perception-based color recommendation algorithm for hierarchical regions     

Shipeng Sun 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):259-270

The visualization of hierarchical and nested spatial regions remains a challenge to cartographers. Despite progress in computer algorithms for visualizing general hierarchical data, mapping spatial hierarchical regions, especially with static, noninteractive means, still requires considerable manual efforts. This paper proposes a two-step algorithm that can automatically recommend perception-based colors and help reveal the hierarchical structure embedded in nested regions. It first systematically sorts regions according to their contiguity and containment relations at multiple hierarchical levels. Then, perception-based colors are generated using the order of regions with the goal of maximizing differentiability between top-level regions while retaining the perceived uniformity of the bottom-level regions. With the coloring scheme recommended by this algorithm, the metric color differences among regions mathematically reflect their hierarchical positions and spatial relations. The resultant colors, therefore, can potentially help map-readers perceive the spatially constrained hierarchy structure built in nested regions.  相似文献