天山北麓流域面积高度积分特征及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵洪壮  李有利  杨景春  司苏沛 《山地学报》2009,27(3)

提取了天山北麓河流水系流域的常规地貌计量指标（盆地大小、面积和高差）以及面积高度积分,通过对流域面积高度积分曲线形态特征、面积高度积分值的分析,结合区域地质构造活动,探讨了面积高度积分对板内再生造山带新构造活动的指示意义以及天山北麓流域的地貌发育过程。研究表明,北天山流域的次集水盆地面积高度积分与次集水盆地的面积和高差都没有相关性,堆积作用和轻微构造抬升作用都会影响冲积扇区次集水盆地,使其面积高度积分值偏高。河流面积高度积分曲线形态和面积高度积分值在空间分布上的差异,反映了天山北麓3排逆断裂褶皱带的不同的构造活动特征。面积高度积分曲线的循环形态特征,揭示了强烈构造运动与河流剥蚀作用影响面积高度曲线形态发育的动态演绎过程。  相似文献   

Effect of incoming sediment on the transport rate of bed load in mountain streams   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Guo-An YU  Zhao-Yin WANG  Kang ZHANG  Tung-Chiung CHANG  Huaixiang LIU Dr. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):260-273

Field experiments were conducted on bed load transport in the Diaoga River, a mountain stream in southwest China, to study the variation of bed load transport with varying sediment supply. The rate of bed load transport is greatly affected by incoming sediment （load and size）. Under the same flow conditions, bed load transport rates may differ by three orders of magnitude depending on whether measurements were taken before or after the first flood of the year. The relation of the ＂bed load transport rate versus flow intensity＂ appears to have similar characteristics as a clockwise looped-rating curve. Experiments also were conducted during the non-flood season to study bed load transport processes with different incoming load from an upstream section. Bed load with different sizes can be grouped into two types： traveling bed load and structural bed load. Traveling bed load is composed of sediment finer than a critical size, De, and its transport rate depends mainly on the incoming sediment rate. The incoming sediment rate can alter the rate of bed load transport by three orders of magnitude. Structural bed load is composed of coarser sediment and its transport rate closely relies on the flow intensity.  相似文献   

河流中污染物衰减系数影响因素分析   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

郭儒  李宇斌  富国 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(1):56-59

污染物衰减系数是反映河流水质污染变化情况、建立水质模型、计算水环境容量的重要参数之一,其确定的合理性直接影响到水环境容量以及水质模型的可靠性。通过查阅有关文献,概述了国内外部分河流的COD和BOD以及氨氮的衰减系数,并分析了影响污染物衰减系数的主要因素,为研究河流水体自净规律、计算水环境容量、区域排污总量控制计划的制定提供科学依据。  相似文献   

One-dimensional numerical simulation of non-uniform sediment transport under unsteady flows   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7  

Hongwei FANG  Minghong CHEN  Qianhai CHEN 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(4):316-328

One-dimensional numerical models are popularly used in sediment transport research because they can be easily programmed and cost less time compared with two- and three-dimensional numerical models. In particular, they possess greater capacity to be applied in large river basins with many tributaries. This paper presents a one-dimensional numerical model capable of calculating total-load sediment transport. The cross-section-averaged sediment transport capacity and recovery coefficient are addressed in the suspended load model. This one-dimensional model, therefore, can be applied to fine suspended loads and to hyperconcentrated flows in the Yellow River. Moreover, a new discretization scheme for the equation of unsteady non-uniform suspended sediment transport is proposed. The model is calibrated using data measured from the Yantan Reservoir on the Hongshui River and the Sanmenxia Reservoir on the Yellow River. A comparison of the calculated water level and river bed deformation with field measurements Shows that the improved numerical model is capable of predicting flow, sediment transport, bed changes, and bed-material sorting in various situations, with reasonable accuracy and reliability.  相似文献   

Erosion, sediment transportation and accumulation in rivers   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

N. I. ALEKSEEVSKIY  K. M. BERKOVICH  and R. S. CHALOV Prof.  Head of the Hydrology Department  Faculty of Geography  Moscow State University  Moscow  Russia  Prof.  Leading researcher  Lab. of Soil Erosion  Fluvial Processes  Faculty of Geography  Moscow State University  Moscow  Russia  Prof.  Head of the Lab. of Soil Erosion  Fluvial Processes  Faculty of Geography  Moscow State University  Moscow  Russia 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(2):93-105

The present paper analyses the interrelation between erosion, sediment transportation and accumulation proposed by N. I. Makkaveyev （1908-1983） and its further development in modem studies of river channel processes in Russia. Spatio-temporal linkages between erosion and accumulation are defined considering channel processes at different scales - river longitudinal profile, channel morphological patterns, alluvial bedforms （bars, dunes） and individual sediment particles. Relations between river geomorphic activity, flow transportation capacity and sediment budgets are established （sediment input and output; channel bed erosion and sediment entrainment into flow - termination of sediment transport and its deposition）. Channel planforms, floodplain segments separated by the latter and alluvial channel bedforms are shown to be geomorphic expressions of sediment transport process at different spatial and temporal scales. This paper is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of N. I. Makkaveyev, Professor of the Moscow State University, author of the book ＂River channel and erosion in its basin＂ （1955）. That book is regarded in Russia as the pioneering work which initiated the complex hydrological and geographical studies of channel processes and laid a basis for the theory of unified fluvial erosion-accumulation process.  相似文献   

GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II： Applications     

Francisco J. M. SIMOES Chih Ted YANG 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(4):299-315

In part 1 of this two-paper series, a brief summary of the basic concepts and theories used in developing the Generalized Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation （GSTARS） computer models was presented. Part 2 provides examples that illustrate some of the capabilities of the GSTARS models and how they can be applied to solve a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Laboratory and field case studies are used and the examples show representative applications of the earlier and of the more recent versions of GSTARS. Some of the more recent capabilities implemented in GSTARS3, one of the latest versions of the series, are also discussed here with more detail.  相似文献   

地震拟合相关系数在青海地区地震预报中的应用   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李滔  马建新 《地震工程学报》2008,30(2):184-188

根据Gutenberg-Richter公式对青海省东部及邻区(N34°-39.5°,E96°-104°)地震频次和震级的统计关系进行了研究.结果表明:中强地震前震中附近一定范围内中小地震的拟合相关系数有明显的下降现象.对研究区的地震进行统计计算,提取出了可信度较高的中期预报指标,预报评分为0.631.  相似文献   

表面波法确定卵石土地基承载力模型研究     

候兰杰  陈兴长  陈慧  崔春龙 《岩土力学》2008,29(9):2572-2576

利用统计学的原理,对卵石土地基动力触探击数和剪切波速的关系进行了研究,推导了它们之间的二次多项式、幂函数和指数函数回归方程。通过对比研究发现,二者之间具有良好的指数函数相关关系。为了验证该指数函数回归模型的可行性,选择了相似场地进行面波检测试验,试验结果与勘探结果完全吻合。研究结果表明,应用表面波法不但可以进行卵石土地基分层,而且还可以定量地评价其地基承载力。  相似文献   

我国河流湖泊污染的防治技术及发展趋势   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

董晓丹  周琪  周晓东 《地质与资源》2004,13(1):26-29

我国河流湖泊污染现状为V类和劣V类水质占七大水系(辽河、海河、淮河、黄河、松花江、珠江、长江)主要断面的50%以上,高中营养化湖泊占被调查湖泊的85%以上,河流湖泊污染状况十分严峻.目前河流湖泊采取的污染防治技术措施主要有:削减截流污染源、完善城市排水系统和建设污水处理厂、河流低泥疏浚、河道曝气技术、生物修复技术、水生植被恢复工程、引清冲淡等等.生物生态技术将在河流湖泊污染防治及生态恢复中发挥重要的作用.  相似文献   

公元前第3千纪初两河流域的大洪水     

王绍武 《气候与环境研究》2006,11(1):128-132

历史记载,考古证据及古气候研究一致表明在公元前第3千纪初,即3000 BC以后,在两河流域有一个洪水时期.大洪水的历史记载最早见于<旧约圣经>,19世纪考古发现亚述泥版及苏美尔泥版中也有大洪水的记载.古气候代用资料也支持公元前第3千纪初两河流域发生过洪水的结论.    相似文献