四川盆地“7·7”极端暴雨事件的多尺度观测分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈永仁  师锐  代涛 《高原山地气象研究》2014,34(3):10-16

利用观测资料对2013年7月7~11日(简称"7·7")发生于四川盆地西部的极端暴雨及局地对流条件进行分析,结果表明:(1)这次持续性暴雨由对流性降水和稳定性降水组成,前期对流明显,小时雨量大,中尺度对流系统云顶亮温低,有冷云区,PPI速度图上有逆风区,45 dBZ以上的强回波厚;中后期稳定性降水明显,小时雨量小,但持续时间长,云顶亮温较高,无冷云区,且回波强度在20~40 dBZ左右,PPI速度图上存在"牛眼"结构,暴雨区低层东北风强。(2)对流性与稳定性降水的转换条件与CAPE变化和垂直风切变有关,降水增强(减弱)期,有(无)CAPE值,低层风速小(大)但中高层风速大(大),垂直风切变较强(弱)。(3)在低空南风较弱和东北风偏强的背景下,地面气旋性流场引起的辐合不仅为暴雨提供水汽,而且中尺度辐合线亦为降水发生提供了抬升机制,尤其是在热力条件和低空水汽输送不利的层结稳定阶段,地面气旋流场显得更加重要。  相似文献   

海水温盐垂直结构的声反射回波模型及应用     

毛科峰  陈希  李振锋  丁亚梅 《海洋学报》2014,36(11):57-63

基于等时厚分层假设,建立海水温盐垂直结构的声反射回波计算模型,并对实际海洋层结状态的声反射回波特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:声反射回波幅度变化的位置和海水介质温盐梯度变化不为零的位置一致,回波幅度和梯度变化幅度成正比;而回波的极性反映了梯度变化的趋势。将该模型用于反演试验,能够直接得到海水温、盐垂直结构反演结果,效果较好,克服了以往反演算法中不便于密度和声速分离的缺点。  相似文献   

Retrieval of Vertical Distribution of Tropospheric Refractivity through Ground-Based GPS Observation简     

WU Xue  WANG Xin  L Daren 《大气科学进展》2014,31(1):37-47

In the present reported study, the vertical distributions of local atmospheric refractivity were retrieved from ground- based GPS observations at low elevation angles. An improved optimization method was implemented at altitudes of 0-10 km to search for a best-fit refractivity profile that resulted in atmospheric delays most similar to the delays calculated from the observations. A ray-tracing model was used to simulate neutral atmospheric delays corresponding to a given refractivity profile. We initially performed a ＂theoretical retrieval＂, in which no observation data were involved, to verify the optimization method. A statistical relative error of this ＂theoretical retrieval＂ （-2% to 2%） indicated that such a retrieval is effective. In a practical retrieval, observations were obtained using a dual-frequency GPS receiver, and its initial value was provided by CIRA86aQ_UoG data. The statistical relative errors of the practical retrieval range from -3% to 5% were compared with co-located radiosonde measurements, Results clearly revealed diurnal variations in local refractivity prc,files, The results also suggest that the general vertical distribution of refractivity can be derived with a high temporal resolution. However, further study is needed to describe the vertical refractivity gradient clearly.  相似文献   

Risk assessment on a pipeline passing through a ship mooring area     

闫澍旺  霍知亮  孙立强  刘润 《中国海洋工程》2014,28(2):207-214

It is very common that a submarine pipeline has to pass through a ship mooring area near a harbor zone in the Bohai Bay, China. The risk assessment of accidental events induced by the potential anchoring ships is carried out, which will lead to external interference with the pipeline. A procedure to calculate the probability for the anchoring activity in the ship mooring area to damage the underlying pipeline is proposed. The adopted methodology is based on the recommendations suggested by the DNV Codes. The same philosophy is also applied to estimate the damage probability that is concerned with sinking ships.  相似文献   

PN断面黑潮流速垂直分布特征及机制分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓丽静  魏皓  汪嘉宁 《海洋通报》2014,33(5):519-526

基于全球海洋再分析模拟GLORYS2(Global Ocean Reanalysis Simulation 2)结果,分析了PN断面(126.0°E-128.2°E,1 000 m以浅)黑潮流速垂直结构的季节和年际变化,探讨了黑潮流速垂直结构形成的动力学机制。结果表明:1)PN断面黑潮夏季流量最大,春季次之,秋、冬季节最小;气候态平均的冬、夏季流速最大值都位于次表层,春、秋季节流速最大值位于表层;夏季相对流速较大、最大值深度较浅;等密线在黑潮主轴区下凹,冬季更为明显。流速最大值深度和密度水平梯度为零的深度均表现出了较大的年际差异,该年际变化甚至超过季节差异;2)流速与密度符合热成风关系。黑潮通量由太平洋大尺度风场及中尺度运动两者共同决定,但局地的热通量和环流对温盐的输运共同影响密度场,调节黑潮流速的垂直分布,影响水通量的分配及营养盐输运;3)有些年份夏季流速最大值出现在表层,可能是夏季西南季风诱导陆架水离岸输运进入黑潮上层导致的结果。非线性、非地转物理过程的影响没有考虑在本研究中,热成风关系能够解释黑潮流速垂直分布形成的部分原因。  相似文献   

Regional-scale identification of three-dimensional pattern of vegetation landscapes     

Ranhao Sun  Baiping Zhang  Liding Chen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(1):104-112

The altitudinal pattern of vegetation is usually identified by field surveys,however,these can only provide discrete data on a local mountain.Few studies identifying and analyzing the altitudinal vegetation pattern on a regional scale are available.This study selected central Inner Mongolia as the study area,presented a method for extracting vegetation patterns in altitudinal and horizontal directions.The data included a vegetation map at a 1∶1 000 000 scale and a digital elevation model at a 1∶250 000 scale.The three-dimensional vegetation pattern indicated the distribution probability for each vegetation type and the transition zones between different vegetation landscapes.From low to high elevations,there were five vegetation types in the southern mountain flanks,including the montane steppe,broad-leaved forest,coniferous mixed forest,montane dwarf-scrub and sub-alpine shrub-meadow.Correspondingly,only four vegetation types were found in the northern flanks,except for the montane steppe.This study could provide a general model for understanding the complexity and diversity of mountain environment and landscape.  相似文献   

凝结潜热在高原涡东移发展不同阶段作用的初步研究     

董元昌  李国平 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,29(4):400-407

为探讨潜热加热对高原涡发展的作用并加深对水汽与高原涡垂直结构及发展变化关系的认识。应用NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,通过大气热源诊断计算,分析2005年5月1~4日和2005年6月23~28日两次高原涡的垂直结构及生命史特征。通过比湿、涡度、Q2等诊断量的对比分析发现:高原涡在东移发展过程中,涡柱内水汽含量上升、涡度明显加强,水汽、涡度上传明显,两者在垂直方向的大值中心有较好的同步性。高原涡未下坡前,水汽通过凝结释放潜热的方式加热大气,高原涡暖中心结构明显。高原涡下坡过程中,其涡度和垂直速度均整层陡增,高原涡区域水汽含量下降,潜热加热作用减弱,暖中心结构消失。因此,大气中水汽的含量和垂直分布状况直接影响凝结潜热作用的发挥,凝结潜热对高原涡发展作用主要表现在高原涡下坡前和下坡后期,是高原涡下坡后是否继续东移发展的重要影响因素。  相似文献   

资源360°动态     

《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(9):9-11

国土资源部办公厅下发通知开展打非治违专项行动 国土资源部办公厅近日下发《关于配合开展“六打六治”打非治违专项行动的通知》,就国土资源主管部门配合开展“六打六治。专项行动有关事项作出部署。“六打六治。就是对6类非法违法、违规违章行为,进行集中打击和整治。其中包括：打击矿山企业无证开采、超越批准的矿区范围采矿行为,整治图纸造假、图实不符问题：打击破坏损害油气管道行为,整治管道周边乱建乱挖乱钻问题。  相似文献   

地面磁梯度测量在勘查地下污水管道中的应用     

任秀艳  杜晓娟  孙瑞雪  逄硕  王江  高超 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,(3)

利用在辽宁某地区实测的垂直磁梯度数据,采用欧拉反褶积方法对地下异常情况进行处理和解释。正演研究表明,理论计算获得的磁梯度比实测磁总场的灵敏度高,结合磁梯度数据和欧拉反演方法可以进行较为复杂地形的解释。通过将计算获得的磁梯度异常与实测磁梯度异常对比,后者对地质体的分辨率更高。对地面垂直磁梯度数据进行反演,结果表明：该方法能够准确地确定地下污水管道的边界和埋深。  相似文献   

策勒绿洲—沙漠过渡带风沙流挟沙粒度的垂直分异     

王翠  雷加强  李生宇  毛东雷  周杰  再努拉·热合木吐拉 《干旱区地理》2014,(2)

在策勒绿洲一沙漠过渡带选取流动沙地、半流动沙地两个典型下垫面,采集下垫面地表0~1 cm沙样,利用梯度集沙仪收集风风沙流中垂直高度层中1~20 cm的沙通量,利用mastersizer2000分析所收集沙样的粒度。结果表明研究区风沙流挟沙粒度的垂直分布特征为:沙粒平均粒径随高度增加而减小,风沙流中沙粒的平均粒径小于床面沙粒平均粒径。其中粉沙含量随着高度的增加,其相对含量呈现幂函数增加,极细沙和细沙含量随高度的增加呈幂函数规律递减。风沙流中平均粒径(φ)值在3.58~3.81;分选系数集中在0.46~0.55,分选性较好;偏度值变化范围为-0.006~0.1,峰度变化值在0.94~0.96。半流动沙地风沙流中平均粒径小于流动沙地,分选性较好。平均粒径(φ)与分选系数、峰度和偏度均呈正相关,分选系数与偏度、峰态间呈现正相关,峰态与偏态之间呈现正相关。研究区沙粒主要以细沙、极细沙和粉沙为主,分选性较好,沙粒粒径分布符合正态。流动沙地较半流动沙地风蚀程度大,地表沙粒粒径粗。策勒地区地表风沙来源主要为风成沙,沙粒运动方式以跃移质为主,悬移质次之。  相似文献