Coupling numerical simulation with remotely sensed information for the study of frozen soil dynamics     

HuiRan Gao  WanChang Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):404-417

The acquisition of spatial-temporal information of frozen soil is fundamental for the study of frozen soil dynamics and its feedback to climate change in cold regions. With advancement of remote sensing and better understanding of frozen soil dynamics, discrimination of freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing and numerical simulation of frozen soil processes under water and heat transfer principles provides valuable means for regional and global frozen soil dynamic monitoring and systematic spatial-temporal responses to global change. However, as an important data source of frozen soil processes, remotely sensed information has not yet been fully utilized in the numerical simulation of frozen soil processes. Although great progress has been made in remote sensing and frozen soil physics, yet few frozen soil research has been done on the application of remotely sensed information in association with the numerical model for frozen soil process studies. In the present study, a distributed numerical model for frozen soil dynamic studies based on coupled water-heat transferring theory in association with remotely sensed frozen soil datasets was developed. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the simulation, the remotely sensed frozen soil information was used to monitor and modify relevant parameters in the process of model simulation. The remotely sensed information and numerically simulated spatial-temporal frozen soil processes were validated by in-situ field observations in cold regions near the town of Naqu on the East-Central Tibetan Plateau. The results suggest that the overall accuracy of the algorithm for discriminating freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing was more than 95%. These results provided an accurate initial freeze and thaw status of surface soil for coupling and calibrating the numerical model of this study. The numerically simulated frozen soil processes demonstrated good performance of the distributed numerical model based on the coupled water-heat transferring theory. The relatively larger uncertainties of the numerical model were found in alternating periods between freezing and thawing of surface soil. The average accuracy increased by about 5% after integrating remotely sensed information on the surface soil. The simulation accuracy was significantly improved, especially in transition periods between freezing and thawing of the surface soil.  相似文献   

Satellite-based Estimates of Canopy Photosynthetic Parameters for an Alpine Meadow in Northern     

NIU Ben  HE Yongtao  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  DU Mingyuan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):253-262

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基于散射计风场数据的台风强度诊断方法——以海洋二号卫星数据为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

杨典  宋清涛  蒋兴伟  刘宇昕  刘圆 《海洋学报》2019,41(1):151-159

本文提出了一种基于散射计风场数据的台风定强方法。该方法定义了台风所在海区的一个圆形区域上的风速平均值来对台风进行定强，并使用海洋二号卫星散射计历史数据对该方法进行了验证。验证结果表明，该台风定强方法可以克服散射计反演台风风速过低的问题。与台风强度监测的历史记录比较的结果显示，在台风强度低于"强台风"这一强度等级时，该方法能够有效估算台风强度。  相似文献   

Subsurface flow measurements using passive flux meters in variably-saturated cold-regions landscapes     

Élise G. Devoie  Ryan F. Connon  James R. Craig  William L. Quinton 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4541-4546

To date, passive flux meters have predominantly been applied in temperate environments for tracking the movement of contaminants in groundwater. This study applies these instruments to reduce uncertainty in (typically instantaneous) flux measurements made in a low-gradient, wetland dominated, discontinuous permafrost environment. This method supports improved estimation of unsaturated and over-winter subsurface flows which are very difficult to quantify using hydraulic gradient-based approaches. Improved subsurface flow estimates can play a key role in understanding the water budget of this landscape.  相似文献   

结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测     

聂倩  赵艳福 《测绘通报》2020,(6):57-62

不同时相遥感影像变化检测已成为土地利用变更调查、城市扩张分析、自然灾害分析及其他环境问题必不可少的技术手段之一。本文提出了一种结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测方法。该方法通过伪不变特征法完成两期影像的相对辐射校正，有效改善影像间的配准误差，并利用IR-MAD算法对校正后的影像进行迭代运算，采用均值漂移算法对迭代后的影像进行分割，同时运用形态学方法处理分割后的影像，最终提取变化图斑。试验结果表明，该方法可以有效检测出变化区域，可应用于城市地表覆盖的变化检测。  相似文献   

HY-2B卫星散射计海面风场产品质量分析 *     

陈克海  解学通  张金兰  邹巨洪  张毅 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(6):30-40

星载微波散射计是获取全球海面风场信息的主要手段, HY-2B卫星散射计的成功发射为全球海面风场数据获取的持续性提供了重要保障。本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)再分析风场数据、热带大气海洋观测计划(Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array, TAO)和美国国家数据浮标中心(National Data Buoy Center, NDBC)浮标获取的海面风矢量实测数据, 对HY-2B散射计海面风场数据产品的质量进行统计分析。分析表明, HY-2B风场与ECMWF再分析风场对比, 在4~24m·s^-1风速区间内, 风速和风向均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)分别为1.58m·s^-1和15.34°; 与位于开阔海域的TAO浮标数据对比, 风速、风向RMSE分别为1.03m·s^-1和14.98°, 可见HY-2B风场能较好地满足业务化应用的精度要求(风速优于2m·s^-1, 风向优于20°)。与主要位于近海海域的NDBC浮标对比, HY-2B风场的风速、风向RMSE分别为1.60m·s^-1和19.14°, 说明HY-2B散射计同时具备了对近海海域风场的良好观测能力。本文还发现HY-2B风场质量会随风速、地面交轨位置等变化, 为用户更好地使用HY-2B风场产品提供参考。  相似文献   

煤体静载破坏微震、电磁辐射及裂纹扩展特征研究     

艾迪昊  李成武  赵越超  李光耀 《岩土力学》2020,41(6):2043-2051

为研究型煤在单轴压缩破裂过程中产生的微震、电磁辐射信号与裂纹演化特征的对应关系，利用自主设计的低噪声静态加载试验系统，对0～0.25、0.25～0.5、0.5～1.0、1～2 mm共4种不同粒度的型煤进行了单轴压缩破坏试验，同步采集了煤样破坏过程中的微震、电磁辐射信号及破坏视频图像，提出了一种煤体裂纹快速提取方法并计算了型煤裂纹面积的变化规律。研究结果表明：型煤在单轴压缩过程中产生的微震、电磁辐射信号及裂纹面积在时域上具有良好的同步性。型煤破坏过程中裂纹面积随时间变化曲线可分为4个阶段。第1阶段为压实阶段，煤样所受应力值较小，其表面的裂纹面积以极为缓慢的速率增加。第2阶段为初始破裂阶段，随着应力的增加和内部弹性势能的积聚，型煤表面裂纹面积的增加速率较压实阶段有明显提高，伴随产生许多细小裂纹。第3阶段为加速破裂阶段，随着应力继续增加以及材料内部积聚弹性能的释放，试样变形过程加速，导致裂纹面积增速进一步增大。第4阶段为卸压阶段，试样的裂纹面积达到最大值，承载能力急剧降低，发生失稳破坏。  相似文献   

Seismic‐stratigraphic constraints on the age of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group,Faroe–Shetland region,Northeast Atlantic Ocean     

Jana lavsdttir  Martyn S. Stoker  Lars O. Boldreel  Morten Sparre Andersen   luva R. Eidesgaard 《Basin Research》2019,31(5):841-865

Lower Palaeogene extrusive igneous rocks of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG) dominate the Faroese continental margin, with flood basalts created at the time of breakup and separation from East Greenland extending eastwards into the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. This volcanic succession was emplaced in connection with the opening of the NE Atlantic; however, consensus on the age and duration of volcanism remains lacking. On the Faroe Islands, the FIBG comprises four main basaltic formations (the pre‐breakup Lopra and Beinisvørð formations, and the syn‐breakup Malinstindur and Enni formations) locally separated by thin intrabasaltic sedimentary and/or volcaniclastic units. Offshore, the distribution of these formations remains ambiguous. We examine the stratigraphic framework of these rocks on the Faroese continental margin combining onshore (published) outcrop information with offshore seismic‐reflection and well data. Our results indicate that on seismic‐reflection profiles, the FIBG can be informally divided into lower and upper seismic‐stratigraphic packages separated by the strongly reflective A‐horizon. The Lower FIBG comprises the Lopra and Beinisvørð formations; the upper FIBG includes the Malinstindur and Enni formations. The strongly reflecting A‐horizon is a consequence of the contrast in properties of the overlying Malinstindur and underlying Beinisvørð formations. Onshore, the A‐horizon is an erosional surface, locally cutting down into the Beinisvørð Formation; offshore, we have correlated the A‐horizon with the Flett unconformity, a highly incised, subaerial unconformity, within the juxtaposed and interbedded sedimentary fill of the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. We refer to this key regional boundary as the A‐horizon/Flett unconformity. The formation of this unconformity represents the transition from the pre‐breakup to the syn‐breakup phase of ocean margin development in the Faroe–Shetland region. We examine the wider implications of this correlation considering existing stratigraphic models for the FIBG, discussing potential sources of uncertainty in the correlation of the lower Palaeogene succession across the Faroe–Shetland region, and implications for the age and duration of the volcanism.  相似文献   

2010-2018年北极夏季中国北极科学考察航行期间被动微波遥感海冰密集度与船基目视观测资料的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

修苑人  李志军  雷瑞波  王庆凯  卢鹏  Lepp&#;ranta Matti 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(9):38-49

为了更有效地将卫星数据应用于北极航行导航，被动微波（PM）产品的海冰密集度（SIC）与从中国北极科学考察中收集到的船基目视观测（OBS）资料进行了比较。在2010、2012、2014、2016和2018年的北极夏季总共收集了3667组目测数据。PM SIC取自基于SSMIS传感器的NASA-Team（NT）、Bootstrap（BT）以及Climate Data Record（CDR）算法和基于AMSR-E/AMSR-2传感器的BT、enhanced NT（NT2）以及ARTIST Sea Ice（ASI）算法。使用PM SIC的日算术平均值和OBS SIC的日加权平均值进行比较。比较了PM SIC和OBS SIC之间的相关系数，偏差和均方根偏差，包括总体趋势以及在轻度/普通/严重冰况下的情况。使用OBS数据，浮冰尺寸和冰厚对不同PM产品SIC反演的影响可以通过计算浮冰尺寸编码和冰厚的日加权平均值来评估。我们的结果显示相关系数的范围为0.89（AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2）到0.95（SSMIS NT），偏差的范围为-3.96%（SSMIS NT）到12.05%（AMSR-E/AMSR-2），均方根偏差的范围为10.81%（SSMIS NT）到20.15%（AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2）。浮冰尺寸对PM产品的SIC反演有显著的影响，大多数PM产品倾向于在小浮冰尺寸情况下低估SIC，而在大浮冰尺寸情况下高估SIC。超过30 cm的冰厚对于PM产品的SIC反演没有明显影响。总体来看，在北极夏季，SSMIS NT SIC与OBS SIC之间有着最好的一致性，而AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2 SIC与OBS SIC的一致性最差。  相似文献   

溢油乳化过程C波段微波散射特性实验研究     

舒思京  孟俊敏  张晰  过杰  刘根旺 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(7):135-145

本文基于水槽溢油观测实验，研究溢油乳化过程中表面散射特性的变化。利用全极化C波段微波散射计和矢量网络分析仪等测量设备对易发生乳化反应沥青含量小于3%的原油（A型油）、油田中开采出的新鲜原油（B型油）和经过脱水去杂质处理的工业原油（C型油）进行观测。文中详细分析了在C波段微波下乳化油膜与平静水面的后向散射差异，以及油膜乳化过程对后向散射的影响，结果显示在低风速、无浪的条件下（最大波高低于3mm），原油的乳化反应可通过表面粗糙度和自身介电常数的变化来调制雷达后向散射，并且这两种方式中表面粗糙度的影响占主导地位。对比B型和C型原油在乳化状态和未乳化状态下的表面后向散射，结果显示在各状态下B型油膜表面后向散射均大于C型油，且在VV、HH、HV/VH极化方式下两者后向散射平均差异分别为2.19 dB、2.63 dB、2.21 dB，在20%油膜含水率的乳化状态下差异较未乳化状态时小，平均差异分别为0.98 dB、1.49 dB、1.5 dB，结果表明不同类型油种间由于成分和油膜属性的不同会在一定程度上导致油膜表面粗糙度存在差异，影响油膜表面后向散射。  相似文献