大西洋的前世今生     

《地球》2020,(1):52-56

大西洋是世界上的第二大洋,位于欧洲、非洲与南美洲、北美洲和南极洲之间,他的面积约占地球表面积的20%,后期因大西洋的南端海域被命名为南冰洋,面积有所缩减,形状在平面上呈现狭长的"S"型(图1)。根据演变过程的差异可将大西洋分为南大西洋、中大西洋和北大西洋,南大西洋主要指南美洲和西非之间的区域.中大西洋主要包括北美中南部和西北非之间的区域,北大西洋主要指北美北部和格陵兰岛、挪威陆架之间的区域(图1)。  相似文献   

趣闻     

《海洋世界》2014,(5):63

<正>地球的气候逐渐变暖这已是一个不争的现状,而全球变暖可以从两个方面影响海平面上升。一是海水遇热膨胀,目前上升的海水中有三分之一源于此;二是冰雪融化,眼下主要是高山上的冰川,但未来更大的威胁来自格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰原。由于海平面上升,到2070年,亚洲太平洋地区将会有数以百万计的人失去家园,成为无家可归的"流浪者",这是不久前,一家澳大利亚研究机构做出的报告结论。报告还指出,中国、印度、孟加拉国、越南和  相似文献   

东南印度洋中脊澳大利亚-南极洲不整合带地区岩浆供应与构造作用沿洋脊的变化     

刘守金  林间  周志远  张帆 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(1):118-129

We analyzed seafloor morphology and geophysical anomalies of the Southeast Indian Ridge(SEIR) to reveal the remarkable changes in magma supply along this intermediate fast-spreading ridge. We found systematic differences of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance(AAD) from adjacent ridge segments with the residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly(RMBA) being more positive, seafloor being deeper, morphology being more chaotic, M factors being smaller at the AAD. These systematic anomalies, as well as the observed Na_(8.0) being greater and Fe_(8.0) being smaller at AAD, suggest relatively starved magma supply and relatively thin crust within the AAD.Comparing to the adjacent ridges segments, the calculated average map-view M factors are relatively small for the AAD, where several Oceanic Core Complexes(OCCs) develop. Close to 30 OCCs were found to be distributed asymmetrically along the SEIR with 60% of OCCs at the northern flank. The OCCs are concentrated mainly in Segments B3 and B4 within the AAD at ～124°–126°E, as well as at the eastern end of Zone C at ～115°E. The relatively small map-view M factors within the AAD indicate stronger tectonism than the adjacent SEIR segments.The interaction between the westward migrating Pacific mantle and the relatively cold mantle beneath the AAD may have caused a reduction in magma supply, leading to the development of abundant OCCs.  相似文献   

倒着悬挂地图 导致诧异沉思     

肖植文 《地理教学》2011,(7):59-59

地理教学中,以极地为中心的经纬网地图上,如何确定方向是重点,又是难点。在上“极地地区”这节内容时,我与众不同,准备了一张南极洲地图,并将它倒挂在黑板上,哪知学生们一片惊讶声：“老师,地图挂倒了!”而我全然不顾,让学生先看,然后提问：“你们怎么知道挂倒了？”  相似文献   

“古地图”八处失实,郑和发现美洲?     

侯杨方 《海洋世界》2013,(7):10-11,8,9

我们要学会对历史存疑,对真相考问,对事实多问一句:是这样吗?2006年,一张购自上海古玩市场的地图在国内外引起极大关注。这不是一张普通的地图,因为它不仅绘制了亚洲、欧洲、非洲、澳洲,甚至还有南极洲和美洲。根据这张地图上的说明,此图绘于清乾隆二十八年(1763年),是一张明永乐十六年(1418年)《天下诸番识贡图》的复制品,名称为《天下全舆总图》,反映了天下诸番向明成祖永乐  相似文献   

Distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps during austral summers in Prydz Bay, Antarctica     

杨光  李超伦  孙松 《极地研究(英文版)》2010,21(2):127-136

The distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps was studied from samples collected in 2002 and 2006 from Prydz Bay, Antarctica.Larvae of Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia superba were mainly distributed in the north of the continental shelf. T. macrura was more abundant and had a relatively wider distribution. In 2006, with ice having retreated and higher seawater temperatures and chlorophyll a levels, E. superba and T. macrura occurred in higher abundances and at more mature developmental stages. Euphausia crystallorophias was mainly distributed in the neritic region. In 2002, with severe ice conditions in the neritic region, abundance of E. crystallorophias was consisted of metanauplius (MN) and calyptopis I (CI). Salps, mostly Salpa thompsoni, had a low abundance in Prydz Bay. In 2002, S. thompsoni was only m)-3. In 2006, S. thompsoni was found at three stations located near the contimental factors, such as the timing of ice melt, polynya formation and food concentration appear to have a marked effect on the distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps.  相似文献   

南大洋变暖引起了科学家们的关注     

胡德良  Bronwyn Herbert 《气候变化研究进展》2012,(1):42

新的研究显示,南大洋比世界上任何其他海洋存储的热量都要多。这项由塔斯马尼亚南极气候与生态系统合作研究中心进行的研究发现:如果照目前的趋势继续下去,到2030年南大洋的二氧化碳水平会对某些贝类动物产生  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry and sediment characteristics of polar periglacial lacustrine environments on Fisher Island and Broknes Peninsula,East Antarctica     

Raj esh Asthana  Prakash Kumar Shrivastav  Hari Bahadur Srivastava  Mirza Javed Beg  Pradeep Kumar 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):281-295

Fisher Island and Broknes Peninsula in the Larsemann Hills constitute part of a polar lowland periglacial environment between marine and glacial ecosystems. The landscape is characterized by gently rolling hills and broad valleys interspersed with lakes formed in glacially scoured basins. We analyzed the physieochemical parameters and the ionic constituents of water samples from 10 lakes in each of these two locations. Our results showed considerable differences between the two regions and demon- strated the influence of lithology and processes including weathering, evaporation, and atmospheric precipitation. All major cations and anions in the lake waters showed positive correlations indicating balanced ionic concentrations. Unconsolidated sediments were sparsely distributed and scattered over glacial deposits, valley fills, and occasional moraine ridges. The type and rate of sedi- mentation was mainly controlled by surface run-off and aeolian influx. The sediment samples from lake beds and the catchment area on Fisher Island were immature and poorly to very poorly sorted, consisting of gravelly sand with negligible silt and finer fractions. Sediments had a polymodal grain size distribution with the two major populations lying between -2 and 1 phi and be- tween 0 and 1.5 phi. The sediments were lithic arenite to arkosic in composition and the microtextures imprinted over quartz grains were dominated by mechanical textures resulting from several stages of glacial crushing and grinding. The presence of deep disso- lution cavities, cryptocrystalline precipitation, and euhedral crystal growth signified the effect of chemical activity after the deposition of grains in the lacustrine environment.  相似文献   

南极冰下水流加速冰川入海     

《海洋世界》2008,(12):4-4

美国缅因大学气候变化研究所的几名科学家将“冰云和地面高度卫星”收集到的数据与近50年来南极洲东部伯德冰川向海洋漂移的速度进行了比较，他们首次发现了证明在南极洲冰层下极深的地方有大量流动水存在的证据，这些水流加快了冰川入海的速度。  相似文献   

科学调查船“谢尔盖&#183;瓦维洛夫院士”号在南极洲西北部进行地质—地貌调查研究     

ННДунасв  ЛРМерклин  朱佛宏 《海洋地质前沿》2008,24(9)

现今，“南极洲”这一术语表示了地球南极锋面线——南纬50&#176;～60&#176;海水会聚线以南的空间。近年来对这个区域的研究明显加强。2004年32届地质大会（意大利弗洛伦萨）指出，最近的南极洲研究成果开创了地质学的新领域，联合国教科文组织宣布南极洲为科学的新大陆。对南极地区研究的增强趋势得到了2004年7月在德国不来梅召开的第28届南极地区国际科学讨论会的支持，2005年通过了在20072008年度国际极地年，组织制定了地球南、北极地区广泛的、多方面调查研究的决议。  相似文献