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1.
Water-level fluctuations may be used to promote the expansion of emergent vegetation along lakeshores. We present the case of the lake Volkerak-Zoommeer in the Netherlands, a fresh-water lake created in 1987 after the enclosure of an estuary. Using an experimental area in which the water level could be manipulated, it was shown that partial summer drawdown of the shoreline created suitable conditions for germination and growth of tall emergent species (in particular Phragmites australis). Plant survival and growth depended on subsequent water-level fluctuations and grazing by waterbirds. Based on the experiment and empirical data, a model was developed to predict the effects of the water-level regime on potential reed bed development. The model was applied for four hydrological scenarios that have been considered for the water-level management of the lake. 相似文献
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Lake Koronia, a Ramsar site, is shallow, polymictic, hypertrophic and until recently was aerially the fourth largest lake in Greece. Although exceeding 5 m in the past, lake depth has declined progressively from 3.8 m in 1980 to < 1 m in 1997, reducing surface area and water volume by 50% and 80%, respectively. Specific conductivityincreased from 1300 μS cm−1 in 1977 to >6000 μS cm−1 in 1991. Increased phosphate concentrations from the late 1970's (8–45 μg L−1) to the late 1990's (100–1000 μg L−1) document that the previously eutrophic system with a limited littoral zone switched to hypertrophy dominated by massive cyanobacteria blooms. Oxygen saturation of the water column increased progressively from about 80% in 1983 to full saturation about 1993, after which it decreased progressively to only 20% saturation in 1997. In spite of cyanobacteria dominance, community metabolism of the lake switched from progressively increasing autotrophy to rapidly advancing heterotrophy associated with progressive water-level reduction leading to fish extirpation in the lake. 相似文献
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渤海湾盆地早第三纪水平面升降和全球海平面升降的不一致性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文通过对渤海湾盆地下第三系中半咸水化石纵向分布特点研究,并根据新的地层划分方案,利用古生物-岩相综合分析方法绘制了该地区早第三纪水平面升降曲线,发现半咸水生物出现在水进初期,在最大水进期消失,水平面升降曲线一全球海平面升降曲线无直接关系,即水平面的上升示受海平面上升的影响,从而证明此阶段无海侵发生,非海侵观点对于总结我国陆相地层的油气勘探理论及实践具有重要意义。 相似文献
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长江三峡阶地的成因机制 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
根据对长江三峡阶地堆积物进行的野外调查与室内分析发现三峡阶地的成因具有以下特点:构成阶地上部的河漫滩相堆积、中部的冲积砾石层与作为阶地基座的基岩平台是在不同时期形成的;阶地上部河漫滩相堆积是在中全新世气候温暖、长江三峡高水位条件下形成的.因此,长江三峡阶地是在构造上升的基础上由于气候及长江三峡流量及水位变化而形成的,并非一定是间歇性构造上升的标志. 相似文献
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三峡库区消落带农户生态休耕经济补偿意愿及影响因素研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
针对农户开发利用消落带耕地对三峡库区的环境影响,从意愿角度对重庆市涪陵区、丰都区247户农户进行实地调研,采用多项Logistic回归模型分析法,定量分析农户对生态休耕经济补偿需求的影响因素,为构建三峡库区环境保护经济补偿机制提供建议。研究结果表明:① 农户的经济补偿需求意愿存在较大差异;② 生态休耕比较效益、家庭人口数、家庭年人均纯收入、生态休耕意愿指数、经济补偿期望值对农户生态休耕经济补偿需求影响显著。研究结论:三峡库区消落带的受访农户对生态休耕经济补偿的需求意愿较强,构建适当的经济补偿机制满足该地区农户的补偿诉求势在必行。 相似文献
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洞庭湖环境系统变化对水文情势的响应 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
为全面揭示洞庭湖近数十年的水情异常与成因,将湖区视作一个大系统来研究。经水位~流量关系等多种方法研究表明:(1)入湖四水尾闾同水位流量减少1 200~2 800 m3/s,同流量水位抬高0.49~1.28 m;(2) 荆江三口分水比减少19.2%,分沙比减少25.1%;(3) 澧水、松滋、南洞庭湖等主洪道的水位流量关系均发生了较大变化;(4) 天然调蓄能力下降40%,湖口同流量水位抬高1.80~2.50 m;(5) 7~8月湖垸关系常处于危急状态。其主要原因是泥沙淤积恶性循环,导致了湖泊环境系统功能的变化,而由下荆江3处裁弯所引起的江湖水沙调整则加速了其变化过程。这些变化过程对水情的复合响应是:入湖水沙呈逐渐减少趋势变化,洪水位普遍抬高1.50~1.80 m,湖口有时出现江水倒流,洪水涨率增大,高洪水位持续时间长等异常水文现象,且给湖区造成了巨大的洪水压力。 相似文献
10.
Huan Mi Cédric G. Fichot Karin R. Bryan Gang Qiao Sergio Fagherazzi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(15):3780-3790
Rapid water level rise due to climate change has the potential to remobilize loose sediments along shorelines and increase the turbidity of nearshore waters, thereby impacting water quality and aquatic ecosystem health. Siling Lake is one of the largest and most rapidly expanding lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Between 2000 and 2017, this lake experienced an increase in water level of about 8 m and a doubling in water turbidity. Here, using this lake as a study site, we used a wave model and high-resolution remote sensing of turbidity (Landsat-8) to assess the potential connection between water-level rise, enhanced wind-driven sediment resuspension and water turbidity. Our analysis revealed that strong bottom shear stresses triggered by wind-generated waves over newly flooded areas were related to an increase in water turbidity. The spatial variability of Siling Lake turbidity showed a strong dependence on local wind characteristics and fetch. Two factors combined to drive the increase in turbidity: (1) high wave energy leading to high bottom shear stresses, and (2) flooding of unvegetated shallow areas. Using a new relationship between wave energy and turbidity developed here, we expect the increase in turbidity of Siling Lake to taper off in the near future due to the steep landscape surrounding the lake that will prevent further flooding. Our results imply that rising water levels along the coast are not only expected to influence terrestrial ecosystems but could also change water quality. The methodology presented herein could be applied to other shorelines affected by a rapid increase in water level. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献