Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Reconnection Driven by the Laser Helmholtz Capacitor-coil Targets     

XU Shan-shan  MEI Zhi-xing  ZHONG Jia-yong  LIN Jun 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(2):131-146

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Early solar system aqueous activity: K isotope evidence from Allende     

Yun Jiang  Piers Koefoed  Olga Pravdivtseva  Heng Chen  Chun‐Hui Li  Fang Huang  Li‐Ping Qin  Jia Liu  Kun Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2021,56(1):61-76

The alkali element K is moderately volatile and fluid mobile; thus, it can be influenced by both primary processes (evaporation and recondensation) in the solar nebula and secondary processes (thermal and aqueous alteration) in the parent body. Since these primary and secondary processes would induce different isotopic fractionations, K isotopes could become a potential tracer to distinguish them. Using recently developed methods with improved precision (0.05‰, 95% confidence interval), we systematically measured the K isotopic compositions and major/trace elemental compositions of chondritic components (18 chondrules, 3 CAIs, 2 matrices, and 5 bulks) in the carbonaceous chondrite fall Allende. Among all the components analyzed in this study, CAIs, which formed initially under high‐temperature conditions in the solar nebula and were dominated by nominally K‐free refractory minerals, have the highest K₂O content (average 0.53 wt%) and have K isotope compositions most enriched in heavy isotopes (δ⁴¹K: ?0.30 to ?0.25‰). Such an observation is consistent with previous petrologic studies that show CAIs in Allende have undergone alkali enrichment during metasomatism. In contrast, chondrules contain lower K₂O content (0.003–0.17 wt%) and generally lighter K isotope compositions (δ⁴¹K: ?0.87‰ to ?0.24‰). The matrix and bulks are nearly identical in K₂O content and K isotope compositions (0.02–0.05 wt%; δ⁴¹K: ?0.62 to ? 0.46‰), which are, as expected, right in the middle of CAIs and chondrules. This strongly indicates that most of the chondritic components of Allende suffered aqueous alteration and their K isotopic compositions are the ramification of Allende parent‐body processing instead of primary nebular signatures. Nevertheless, we propose the small K isotope fractionations observed (< 1‰) among Allende components are likely similar to the overall range of K isotopic fractionation that occurred in nebular environment. Furthermore, the K isotope compositions seen in the components of Allende in this study are consistent with MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of the components in ordinary chondrites, which also show an absence of large (10‰) isotope fractionations. This is not expected as evaporation experiments in nebular conditions suggest there should be large K isotopic fractionations. Nevertheless, possible nebular processes such as chondrules back exchanging with ambient gas when they formed could explain this lack of large K isotopic variation.  相似文献   

Sentinel-2卫星落叶松林龄信息反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐少飞  田庆久  徐凯健  徐念旭  岳继博 《遥感学报》2020,24(12):1511-1524

林龄结构信息能够有效反映区域森林群落不同生长阶段的固碳能力，对于评估森林生态系统的健康状况具有重要意义。本研究以中国温带典型优势树种落叶松林为研究对象，分别选择其芽萌动期、展叶期和落叶期时段的Sentinel-2影像，采用多元线性回归（MLR）、随机森林（RF）、支持向量机回归（SVR）、前馈反向传播神经网络（BP）以及多元自适应回归样条（MARS）等5种方法依次构建落叶松林龄反演模型。通过相关性分析首先确定最佳遥感反演物候期，并在此基础上根据相关性差异筛选出5个最优特征变量用于模型反演，分别为冠层含水量（CWC），归一化水体指数（NDWI），叶面积指数（LAI），光合有效辐射吸收率（FAPAR）和植被覆盖度（FVC）。研究结果表明，展叶期为落叶松林最佳遥感反演物候期。除植被衰减指数（PSRI）以及落叶期的NDVI、RVI外，落叶松林龄与各指标之间均呈负相关关系，其中与冠层含水量（CWC）的相关性最高，pearson相关系数达到-0.74（p<0.01）。此外，不同模型反演结果表明，随机森林模型（RF）为最佳落叶松林龄估测模型，其平均决定系数R²和平均均方根误差RMSE分别为0.89和2.91 a；多元线性回归模型（MLR）的林龄估测结果最差，其平均决定系数R²和平均均方根误差RMSE仅为0.57和5.69 a，非线性模型能更好的解释林龄与建模变量之间的关系。  相似文献   

大西安地区土地利用类型时空演变分析          下载免费PDF全文

马新萍  韩申山  王磊  王建兴  许晓婷 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):499-507

通过多种方法分析大西安地区土地利用类型演变特征、空间变化特征及其影响因素，旨在为大西安地区土地利用优化发展提供科学基础。在GIS和RS技术的支持下，对区域1996年、2006年、2016年3期LANDSAT TM（OLI）遥感影像进行解译，采用土地利用转移矩阵和土地利用变化模型对大西安1996 年以来土地利用类型和土地覆被时空动态变化进行量化分析，结果表明：（1） 大西安近20 a来建设用地面积不断增加，耕地、林业用地面积总体减少，草地小幅增加，水域略有萎缩，各地类间相互转换频繁。（2） 土地利用综合程度较高且不断加强，土地利用结构趋于均衡。（3） 空间变化上，土地利用变化区域差异显著，建设用地、耕地、林业用地重心转移的速度呈现出先快后慢的阶段性特征。（4） 综合相关文献，大西安地区土地利用变化的驱动因素主要为政策因素。论文从时空变化角度首次提出大西安地区的土地利用演变规律，该结果可为大西安地区发展过程中的土地优化提供科学基础。  相似文献   

游客-环境互动视角下旅游者目的地环境恢复性效应     

朱芳  苏勤  陶云  沈惊宏 《热带地理》2020,40(4):636-648

日常生活环境和旅游目的地环境都可以为个体提供恢复的机会，不同环境的属性特征导致不同程度的恢复。为了探究环境类型与恢复性效应之间的关系及停留时间的调节作用，文章采用问卷调查方式，利用配对样本t检验和混合设计方差分析相结合的方法，探讨游客在不同环境中的恢复性效应，并对这一现象提供心理上的解释。结果表明：1）恢复体验的4个维度（放松体验、心理脱离、掌握体验、控制体验）在旅游目的地环境中的得分均高于日常生活环境。2）掌握和控制体验维度在城市旅游目的地中的变化程度高于乡村旅游目的地，两种类型目的地的放松和心理脱离维度差异较小。3）随着在目的地停留时间的延长，乡村旅游目的地放松体验和心理脱离维度变化程度高于城市旅游目的地，两种类型目的地环境恢复性效应会相互靠近。因此，游客的环境恢复性效应不仅受到环境和目的地类型的影响，同时还与游客的适应程度有关，且受到其停留时间的调节作用。  相似文献   

Salinivibrio sp.YH4胞外丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS耐盐性及生物信息学分析          下载免费PDF全文

武翠玲  宋英达  高慧芳  张廉芸  任晨霞 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

摘要：目的 探讨菌株Salinivibrio sp.YH4分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS的耐盐性及结构特征。方法 明胶底物酶谱法分析EYHS的耐盐性。应用生物信息学手段对EYHS及6种耐盐的S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶结构特征进行分析。结果 EYHS在4 mol/L的NaCl溶液中仍具有活性，属于耐盐蛋白酶。EYHS及6种S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶分子表面的loop区等无规则卷曲所占比例较高，α-螺旋与β-片层则主要位于酶分子内部。EYHS分子表面酸性氨基酸含量较高，且具有弱疏水内核。多序列比对发现蛋白酶的催化三联体两侧存在高度保守的基序和保守的极性氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸，并存在多个保守的Gly与Ala。同源模建和表面电荷分布显示，α螺旋和β片层围成了蛋白酶的催化腔，EYHS活性中心包含由Asp32、His65与Ser215组成的催化三联体，且催化位点区域表面静电势为负。结论 上述结构特征可能有助于耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS在高盐环境下维持其稳定性和适度柔性，并有助于其催化功能的发挥，为深入研究耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶的高盐环境适应性提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525–2000     

Fang  Xiuqi  Zheng  Xue  Zhang  Xing 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(1):103-118

ENSO is an interannual mode which may be affected by external forcing, such as volcanic eruptions. Based on the reconstructed volcanic eruptions chronology and ENSO sequences, both 195 large volcanic eruptions(VEI≥4) and 398 ENSO(El Ni?o and La Ni?a) events were extracted from 1525 to 2000. An analysis of the correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events was performed by matching the large volcanic eruptions with the types and magnitudes of ENSO events present in the 0–2 years after the eruptions. The results show the following:(1) The percentages of ENSO events within the 3 years after the large eruptions had increased to 68.3% from 31.7% compared with those with no-eruptions in the previous 0–2 years. In addition, the ratio of El Ni?o to La Ni?a events turned from 2:3 to 1:1, and more El Ni?o events occurred in the 0 year after eruptions in the low-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics but more La Ni?a events occurred in the 0 year after in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.(2) After the eruptions, the weak(W) El Ni?o events had increased by 8 percentage points and the very strong(VS) El Ni?o events had decreased by 10 percentage points; conversely, there was a decrease by 15 percentage points of the weak La Ni?a events and an increase by 11.4 percentage points of the very strong La Ni?a events. Specifically, the percentages of strong La Ni?a events increased to a peak at 1(+1) year after the eruptions.(3) The percentage of eruptions followed by single-year ENSO was the greatest. The percentage of ENSO events that occurred in the consecutive 2 years following an eruption was approximately equal to the percentage of events that occurred consecutively 3 years following an eruption, and both sets of ENSO magnitudes showed a decreasing trend.  相似文献   

城镇化与生态环境耦合的动态模拟——研究进展与展望     

崔学刚  方创琳  刘海猛  刘晓菲  李咏红 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(2):333-352

Urbanization and eco-environment coupling is a research hotspot.Dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling needs to be improved because the processes of coupling are complex and statistical methods are limited.Systems science and cross-scale coupling allow us to define the coupled urbanization and eco-environment system as an open complex giant system with multiple feedback loops.We review the current state of dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling and find that:(1)The use of dynamic simulation is an increasing trend,the relevant theory is being developed,and modeling processes are being improved;(2)Dynamic simulation technology has become diversified,refined,intelligent and integrated;(3)Simulation is mainly performed for three aspects of the coupling,multiple regions and multiple elements,local coupling and telecoupling,and regional synergy.However,we also found some shortcomings:(1)Basic theories are inadequately developed and insufficiently integrated;(2)The methods of unifying systems and sharing data are behind the times;(3)Coupling relations and the dynamic characteristics of the main driving elements are not fully understood or completely identified.Additionally,simulation of telecoupling does not quantify parameters and is not systemically unified,and therefore cannot be used to represent spatial synergy.In the future,we must promote communication between research networks,technology integration and data sharing to identify the processes governing change in coupled relations and in the main driving elements in urban agglomerations.Finally,we must build decision support systems to plan and ensure regional sustainable urbanization.  相似文献   

德令哈13.7m望远镜接收机抗射频干扰研究     

李振强  李积斌  张旭国  单文磊  徐烨  左营喜  张海龙  金风娟  孙继先  逯登荣  巨秉刚 《天文学报》2019,60(3):62-76

在天文观测中,射频干扰会造成假谱,降低数据的可靠性和有效性.射频干扰消减旨在减少干扰信号对射电天文观测的影响,包含器件方面的技术革新和数据处理领域的方法研究.针对德令哈13.7 m望远镜接收机中频部分引入的射频干扰,通过优化中频器件的抗射频干扰能力,提高了接收机的整体抗射频干扰能力,以主动消除方法来减少射频干扰耦合到接收机内部.分析了接收机干扰的传输路径,提出了器件射频干扰的直接耦合系数和器件射频干扰的系统耦合系数的概念,为定位干扰敏感器件并量化干扰引入比重提供了基础.经过抗射频干扰优化后,接收机抗干扰能力改善30 dB左右,望远镜的天文观测效率提高10%以上.  相似文献   

海域地质岩心钻探关键技术分析与应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨芳 《探矿工程》2020,47(7):23-29

海域固体矿产资源勘探、开发是海洋开发和利用的重要组成部分。本文主要从钻探设备、工艺、安全等方面对海域地质岩心钻探工程技术进行分析，总结了相关技术措施：一是除依据地质要求选择常规钻探设备外，要依据海域环境特点，选择安全可靠的钻探平台；二是钻孔结构设计、钻进方法、冲洗液等均应符合海域特点和要求；三是必须坚持安全第一原则，编制安全应急预案等。通过山东莱州三山岛北部海域金矿勘探项目应用实例，证实了海域地质钻探工程技术的适应性。  相似文献