Geophysical Signature of the Shallow Water Flow in the Deepwater Basin of the Northern South China Sea     

Xiaohua Zhang  Yunbao Sun  Shiguo Wu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(4):791-798

Shallow water flow (SWF), a disastrous geohazard in the continental margin, has threatened deepwater drilling operations. Under overpressure conditions, continual flow delivering unconsolidated sands upward in the shallow layer below the seafloor may cause large and long-lasting uncontrolled flows; these flows may lead to control problems and cause well damage and foundation failure. Eruptions from over-pressured sands may result in seafloor craters, mounds, and cracks. Detailed studies of 2D/3D seismic data from a slope basin of the South China Sea (SCS) indicated the potential presence of SWF. It is commonly characterized by lower elastic impedance, a higher Vp/Vs ratio, and a higher Poisson’s ratio than that for the surrounding sediments. Analysis of geological data indicated the SWF zone originated from a deepwater channel system with gas bearing over-pressured fluid flow and a high sedimentation rate. We proposed a fluid flow model for SWF that clearly identifies its stress and pressure changes. The rupture of previous SWF zones caused the fluid flow that occurred in the Baiyun Sag of the northern SCS.  相似文献   

A submarine canyon conduit under typhoon conditions off Southern Taiwan     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(2):223-240

The function of a submarine conduit under typhoon conditions is examined. The study site is the Kao-ping river, shelf, and submarine canyon (KPRSC) system located off southern Taiwan on a wave-dominated microtidal coast. The head of the canyon is located approximately 1 km off the river mouth. Two comprehensive 1-month field experiments were carried out in 2000 and 2002 during the flood season of the river. Both experiments encountered typhoons that generated significant river discharge and wave resuspension events. Particle samples collected in 2000 by sediment-traps were analyzed for coarse fraction by the wet sieving method. Among the coarse fraction, foraminiferal species and their abundance were recorded as a tracer for biogenic particles of marine origin. Stable isotopes of carbon (δ¹³C) of organic particles of sediment-trap samples were analyzed as a tracer for particles of terrestrial origin. All the measured flow and particle concentration records were analyzed by conventional time-series analytical methods. Simultaneously observed records of suspended sediment concentration at the river mouth and the volume concentration of suspended particles near the canyon floor were compared. Instantaneous flux and cumulative transport of suspended particles near the canyon floor were estimated during the deployment period. Results show that Kao-ping Submarine Canyon is a multi-level and process-dependant two-way conduit for particles of terrestrial and marine origins. In general, terrestrial signals are stronger than the marine signals in sediment-trap samples near the head of the canyon. During typhoon events, in the early distal phase of their influence nonlithogenic and biogenic marine sources are enhanced; in the later proximal phase signals of locally generated terrestrial lithogenic sources are enhanced. An episode of momentary downcanyon flushing of suspended particles near the canyon floor is observed during one typhoon occurrence. This flushing suggests nondeposition during the typhoon at the locale of deployment despite increased input of particles to the canyon floor. It also suggests a mechanism by which turbidity currents could be triggered. Yet, this flushing phenomenon is not observed in another typhoon occurrence, suggesting it is not universal in the canyon's response to the typhoon.  相似文献   

底质类型对热带海草海菖蒲种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘松林  江志坚  吴云超  张霞  黄小平 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(1):74-81

近几十年来,受到人类活动和气候变化的影响,全球海草床呈现退化趋势,海草床的恢复备受关注。其中,海草种子或幼苗移植由于其对供体海草床破坏和影响较小,并能保证海草的遗传多样性而备受重视。移植区的底质类型是决定海草种子或幼苗移植存活率的重要因子,然而,目前关于热带海草种子萌发和幼苗生长对不同底质类型响应的研究很有限。本研究以热带海草海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)种子为研究对象,利用室内模拟实验,分别设置细砂和砂砾底质的处理,探讨不同底质类型对海菖蒲种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。研究发现,细砂组和砂砾组的萌发率和萌发历期的平均值分别96.3%、3.6 d和95.0%、3.4 d,两个处理组之间差异不显著。萌发后的细砂组海菖蒲幼苗的存活率为97.37%,而砂砾组的幼苗存活率仅为81.58%;另外,海菖蒲幼苗的叶片长度、根长度、叶片生长速率和根生长速率在细砂组均显著高于砂砾组。因此,沉积物粒径的差异对海草种子的萌发率和萌发时间没有显著性影响,但沉积物粒径增大会显著降低萌发后海菖蒲幼苗的存活率和生长速率。因此,未来开展海菖蒲种子或幼苗的野外移植,应选取沉积物粒径较小细砂质区域进行移植,可促进海菖蒲种子或幼苗移植的成活率,提高海菖蒲生态修复的成功率。  相似文献   

Sediment texture,distribution and transport on the Ayeyarwady continental shelf,Andaman Sea     

《Marine Geology》2005,216(4):239-247

The Ayeyarwady continental shelf is a complex sedimentary system characterized by large sediment influx (> 360 million ton/yr), a wide shelf (> 170 km), a strong tidal regime (7 m maximum tidal range), and incised by the Martaban Canyon. Grain size distribution on the Ayeyarwady shelf reveals three distinct areas in terms of sediment texture (i) a near-shore mud belt in the Gulf of Martaban and adjacent inner shelf (ii) outer shelf relict sands and (iii) mixed sediments with varying proportions of relict sand and modern mud in the Martaban Canyon. The bulk of the terrigenous sediment discharged by the Ayeyarwady River is displaced eastwards by a combination of tidal currents and clockwise flowing SW monsoon current and deposited in the Gulf of Martaban resulting in shoaling of its water depths. Part of the sediment discharge reaches the deep Andaman Sea via the Martaban Canyon and the rest is transported westward into the Bay of Bengal by the counter-clockwise flowing NE monsoon currents.  相似文献   

三亚湾浮游动物数量分布及群落特征的季节变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

时翔  王汉奎  谭烨辉  黄良民 《海洋通报》2007,26(4):42-49

根据三亚湾2005年春、夏、秋和冬季航次的调查资料,分析了这4个季度的浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构、丰度和生物量的时空变化。经过鉴定共有终生性浮游动物125种,阶段性浮游动物17种,其中毛颚类幼虫和短尾溞状幼虫是各个季度都出现的优势种。三亚湾的浮游动物可以分为河口类群、暖水沿岸类群和广布暖水外海类群。全年浮游动物平均丰度为95.91ind·m-3,浮游动物平均生物量为69.22mg·m-3;浮游动物丰度的季节分布是夏>秋>春>冬,平均生物量的季节分布是秋>夏>春>冬,总体上一般是夏秋季高于冬春季。冬季浮游动物丰度与浮游植物细胞总密度之间没有相关性。  相似文献   

海南岛海岸带土地利用强度与生态承载力分析     

李通  闫敏  陈博伟  张丽  宋茜茜 《测绘通报》2020,(9):54-59

随着海南省进一步开放发展，海岸带区域的土地利用强度逐渐加强，生态保护需求日益增强。利用4期（1990、2000、2009、2015年）海岸带土地利用分类数据，研究海岸带土地开发利用强度，并分析了其生态承载力。结果表明：①耕地和林地是海南岛海岸带地区的主要土地类型。②25年间，海南岛海岸带土地利用强度整体较高且逐年上升，2000—2009年土地利用强度增速最高，达2.03%；海口市和澄迈县土地利用强度4期均值最大，分别为300.5和286.1。③25年来海南岛海岸带生态状况呈下降趋势，57%的海岸带市县实际生态承载压力增长了1倍以上。  相似文献   

两种造礁石珊瑚对海水酸化和溶解有机碳加富的响应*     

郭亚娟  周伟华  袁翔城  廖健祖  江雷  黄晖 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(1):57-63

文章选择鹿回头近岸海域常见的板叶角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites complanata)和十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)为研究对象, 采用室内连续培养的方法, 探究两种不同造礁石珊瑚对酸化和溶解有机碳(DOC)加富的响应。结果表明: 酸化(pH 7.6)并不会影响两种珊瑚的钙化速率和生长速率; 但DOC加富(524.03±78.42μmol•L^-1)使两种珊瑚的钙化速率分别降低67%和47%、生长速率降低59%和40%。当二者共同作用时, 两种珊瑚的钙化速率降低30%和11%、生长速率降低46%和59%, 大多没有DOC单独作用时强烈, 表现出一定的拮抗作用。两种珊瑚共生虫黄藻叶绿素荧光指数(F_v/F_m)均升高后降低, 板叶角蜂巢珊瑚F_v/F_m最先降低。实验表明, 这两种珊瑚虽然对海洋酸化的敏感度不高, 但是对有机物加富有不同的响应, 板叶角蜂巢珊瑚更为敏感, 可能导致这两种珊瑚在未来环境变化中有不同命运。  相似文献   

Semantic segmentation of high spatial resolution images with deep neural networks     

Haiping Yang  Jiancheng Luo  Fang Chen 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(5):749-768

Availability of reliable delineation of urban lands is fundamental to applications such as infrastructure management and urban planning. An accurate semantic segmentation approach can assign each pixel of remotely sensed imagery a reliable ground object class. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture to perform the pixel-level understanding of high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Both local and global contextual information are considered. The local contexts are learned by the deep residual net, and the multi-scale global contexts are extracted by a pyramid pooling module. These contextual features are concatenated to predict labels for each pixel. In addition, multiple additional losses are proposed to enhance our deep learning network to optimize multi-level features from different resolution images simultaneously. Two public datasets, including Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets, are used to assess the performance of the proposed deep neural network. Comparison with the results from the published state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.  相似文献   

地球观测数据共享的发展和趋势     

李国庆  张红月  张连翀  王媛媛  田传召 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):979-990

地球观测数据共享是地球科学和相关学科科研活动中非常重要的基础性工作,是对地观测信息生命周期中的重要环节。受到由资源提供者、资源消费者和资源加工者组成的社会生态系统发展变化的影响,共享模式经历了无共享、项目共享、部门共享、社会共享等渐进的4个发展阶段,并呈现出区域差异和阶段差异。地球观测数据共享的概念体系包含数据开放、数据共享、数据互联等不同层次的问题,并受到信息技术等使能技术的驱动。其中开放性代表数据在网络中可被访问的状态,共享性是对于数据重复使用的授权和模式,互联性则是强调可共享数据资源在科学含义上的相互理解。而地球观测数据共享的技术体系则包含数据开放技术、数据共享技术和数据出版与引用技术。目前地球观测领域的数据共享正在经历巨大的文化、政策、技术和应用变革,下一代的地球观测数据设施集中体现了数据的共享和协作,并将呈现国际化、多学科化、标准化、设施化、大数据化和公众社会化等新的技术特征,将对相关科学活动产生重大影响。  相似文献   

MALBAC技术扩增微生物群落基因组的效率评估     

王勇  高兆明  徐颖  李光玉  贺丽生  钱培元 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(2):131-136

环境样品的低生物量是微生物宏基因组学研究面临的首要挑战,通过基因组扩增技术来满足高通量测序对DNA样品量的需求是最常用的解决策略。MALBAC(Multiple Annealing and Looping Based Amplification Cycles)基因组扩增试剂盒最初为扩增和研究哺乳动物的单细胞基因组而研发。本文中,我们通过人工构建的微生物群落来检测该试剂盒在微生物宏基因组扩增方面的效率和应用可行性。结果表明,每个标准反应中,10 pg的DNA模板量足以满足MALBAC试剂盒对样品扩增的需要。每个标准反应DNA模板用量为10和100 pg时,所扩增DNA样品的基因组覆盖度与原始未扩增样品表现出高度的一致性,证明MALBAC试剂盒扩增效果的高度稳定性和一致性。常用的GenomePlex全基因组扩增试剂盒使我们可以在每个标准反应DNA模板量为100 pg的条件下扩增获得足够的DNA样品,但是结果表明该参照试剂盒无法有效的实现对群落中低丰度细菌菌株基因组的线性扩增。对于MALBAC试剂盒和参照试剂盒而言,在扩增高GC含量的微生物物种基因组DNA方面效率低下。我们的实验结果表明MALBAC试剂盒在高效扩增环境样品宏基因组DNA方面的可行性,但对该试剂盒在扩增环境样品中高GC含量微生物物种方面的适用性存在疑虑。  相似文献