贵州省江口县硒、锗特色耕地资源分布规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩姚飞  沈小庆  张德实  洪万华 《贵州地质》2020,37(3):320-328

雨天城市道路交通拥堵频发，交通运行在道路网络各路段间的交互影响较晴天明显增强。本文针对传统出行时间预算模型应用的局限性，考虑雨天各路段间行车延误的相互影响，改进了走行时间方差的计算方法，提出一种雨天城市道路交通拥堵概率预测方法。选取南京市某行车路径进行验证，通过4种工况、3种模型走行时间的比较，发现考虑相关性的分段组合模型更接近整体路径分布情况，且拥堵概率预测准确率大于90%。研究结果表明：本文提出的预测模型能有效预测城市道路雨天拥堵情况，可为雨天道路适应性评价和交通管控提供依据。  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter variations in coastal plain wetland watersheds: The integrated role of hydrological connectivity,land use,and seasonality          下载免费PDF全文

Jacob D. Hosen  Alec W. Armstrong  Margaret A. Palmer 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1664-1681

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is integral to fluvial biogeochemical functions, and wetlands are broadly recognized as substantial sources of aromatic DOM to fluvial networks. Yet how land use change alters biogeochemical connectivity of upland wetlands to streams remains unclear. We studied depressional geographically isolated wetlands on the Delmarva Peninsula (USA) that are seasonally connected to downstream perennial waters via temporary channels. Composition and quantity of DOM from 4 forested, 4 agricultural, and 4 restored wetlands were assessed. Twenty perennial streams with watersheds containing wetlands were also sampled for DOM during times when surface connections were present versus absent. Perennial watersheds had varying amounts of forested wetland (0.4–82%) and agricultural (1–89%) cover. DOM was analysed with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and bioassays. Forested wetlands exported more DOM that was more aromatic‐rich compared with agricultural and restored wetlands. DOM from the latter two could not be distinguished suggesting limited recovery of restored wetlands; DOM from both was more protein‐like than forested wetland DOM. Perennial streams with the highest wetland watershed cover had the highest DOC levels during all seasons; however, in fall and winter when temporary streams connect forested wetlands to perennial channels, perennial DOC concentrations peaked, and composition was linked to forested wetlands. In summer, when temporary stream connections were dry, perennial DOC concentrations were the lowest and protein‐like DOM levels the highest. Overall, DOC levels in perennial streams were linked to total wetland land cover, but the timing of peak fluxes of DOM was driven by wetland connectivity to perennial streams. Bioassays showed that DOM linked to wetlands was less available for microbial use than protein‐like DOM linked to agricultural land use. Together, this evidence indicates that geographically isolated wetlands have a significant impact on downstream water quality and ecosystem function mediated by temporary stream surface connections.  相似文献   

黑龙江省克山县土壤-作物系统硒元素地球化学特征     

张哲寰  赵君  宋运红  贺鹏飞  魏明辉 《地质与资源》2021,29(6):585

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Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Metals in Sediment from the Southern Coastal Wetland of the Qiantang Estuary by Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique     

FENG Weihua  WANG Zhifu  ZHU Wenzhuo  ZHENG Fangqin  ZHANG Dongrong  XU Hengtao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):375-387

Metal pollution has become an major issue governing the wetland ecosystem health.The southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Estuary are facing unusual perturbation due to rapid development along the embayment in recent decades.This study evaluated the bioavailability of metals(Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr and Zn)in the sediment of the southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Es-tuary using diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT)techniques and compared with several methods based on total metal content.The results showed that the contents of Cr,Pb,Cd and Cu in sediment,as detected using DGT,were considerably correlated with the exchangeable fraction and the content in Phragmites australis roots,while a weak correlation was observed for Zn.Therefore,DGT analysis could be used to evaluate the bioavailability and potential risk of Cr,Cd,Pb and Cu for P.australis.Quantitative indices,such as DGT concentration,bioaccumulation in P.australis,geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and potential ecological risk index(RI),revealed that Cd was a major potential ecological risk factor along the southern coast wetland of the Qiantang Estuary,especially in the upstream region,which is potentially more vulnerable to the anthropogenic pollution.  相似文献   

海水钝顶螺旋藻富硒及其含硒藻蓝蛋白的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何晓艳  向文洲  何慧  林坚士  董俊德 《热带海洋学报》2005,24(4):30-34

研究了亚硒酸钠梯度浓度对海水钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis生长及藻胆蛋白含量的影响,对含硒藻蓝蛋白进行分离纯化,得到含硒藻蓝蛋白纯品。结果表明,硒添加浓度小于100mg.L-1时,对藻体生长有一定的促进作用,其生物量、藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白含量有增加,藻体硒含量及富硒系数明显高于文献报道的相似条件下的淡水螺旋藻;纯化的含硒藻蓝蛋白溶液在弱光照、低温、pH4—8的范围内稳定性较好;含硒藻蓝蛋白的光谱特性与藻蓝蛋白相比几乎没有差异,紫外与可见光吸收光谱特征吸收峰在280nm和620nm,荧光激发峰在558nm,室温条件下最大荧光发射峰在655nm,说明海水钝顶螺旋藻富集硒后及海水的胁迫对其藻蓝蛋白的光谱特性没有明显影响。  相似文献   

珠江河口及近海水体中铜的水平和形态分布     

龙爱民  陈绍勇  刘胜 《海洋通报》2004,23(3):35-40

对夏季(2002-07)和冬季(2003-01)航次中珠江河口及近海水域样品中金属铜的总含量以及总溶解态、颗粒态、游离态铜含量进行对比分析。结果发现，夏季铜的总浓度水平分布并非完全体现陆源性规律，而是随河口向外海递增。而在冬季，总铜浓度的空间变化呈现和夏季完全相反的趋势，即随河口向外海逐渐降低。说明研究水域中金属铜可能具有其他来源，同时在很大程度上受到夏季沿岸上升流的影响。但是，游离态铜的分布在冬季和夏季却呈现相同的趋势，即自河口向外海逐渐降低。说明铜的形态分布在更大程度上取决于水体的理化性质。  相似文献   

大气中的有机氮化合物及其向海洋的沉降     

毕言锋  刘素美  张经 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(4):604-610

近几年的研究表明,有机氮化合物是大气氮沉降的重要组成部分,对全球氮循环的贡献不可忽视。介绍了大气中有机氮化合物的组成、测定方法以及存在的问题,综述了大气有机氮化合物向海洋沉降的研究现状及其对海洋生态系统的影响,并探讨了未来的研究重点。  相似文献   

近海环境地球化学调查研究历史与现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶思源  周永青  刘兆茂  刘建霞 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(4):121-126

近海环境地球化学的研究是一支新兴的发展中的边缘性分支学科，由于环境问题的日益突出，该学科发展较为迅速。通过回顾我国近海环境地球化学调查的历史和综述当今国外该学科的研究现状，概括了该学科的主要进展，并指出存在的问题和今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

Study of chemical forms of phosphorus and their bioavailability in the sediments     

ZHENG Airong  SHEN Haiwei  LI Wenquan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(2):317-327

Chemical forms of phosphorus in the sediments of the Daya Bay, the Zhujiang River estuary, and the Xiamen Bay are measured with extraction solutions of MgCl2, NaOH, and HCl. Their availabilities to Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana are estimated by using sediments as the sole source of P in the bioassays. The results show that the contents of total phosphorus (TP) in these sediments are 449.3, 650.1 and 643.9 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of non-apatite inorganic P (NAIP) extracted with MgCl2 and NaOH from 3 sediments are 168.8, 146.6 and 118.1 mg/kg,respectively, and account for 18.3%～32.6% of TP. The phosphorus extracted with HCI solution is greater than that extracted with NaOH solution and the lowest extracted P is MgCl2-extractable P. The greatest relative growth rates of Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana cultured with sediments are in the range of 4.3%～26.9%. The increasing biomasses of these algae correspond to NAIP and AAPP (the estimated algal-available particulate P). AAPP accounts for 42.4%～78.2% of NAIP, 21.1%～27.1% of total inorganic P, and 11.8%～20.3% of TP, respectively.  相似文献   

基于镉污染风险的湖南省龙山县百合种植区安全区划     

许青阳  戴亮亮  肖凯琦  彭志刚  巩浩 《地质论评》2023,69(2):2023020010-2023020010

湖南省龙山县作为我国重要的百合生产基地县之一,其土壤却存在一定程度的镉（Cd）污染风险。同时,百合作为一种食药同源的植物,其食用和药用的质量安全标准不一致。因此,在龙山县提出百合种植区安全区划具有重要意义。笔者等在龙山县耕地采集326件表层土壤样品和70件百合样品（配套根系土样）,在分析土壤及百合中Cd的含量和土壤中氧化物、有机质、pH等指标的基础上,探讨Cd生物有效性的影响因素,并据此建立百合Cd生物富集系数预测模型,结合土地质量地球化学调查数据预测耕地的百合Cd含量,给出百合种植区安全区划及建议。结果表明,研究区土壤存在Cd污染风险,百合具有质量安全问题。研究区Cd的生物有效性受到土壤CaO、S、P、K2O含量和土壤pH的共同影响。与多元线性回归模型相比,随机森林模型能够更好地预测百合Cd生物富集系数。百合种植区安全区划显示,研究区食用百合优先种植区、药用百合优先种植区、药用百合次级种植区、结构调整种植区面积占比分别为1. 49%、92. 71%、2. 88%、2. 92%,建议大力开发药用百合农产品。该研究成果将Cd污染风险耕地的安全利用与食药同源农产品的质量安全有效衔接,完善了受污染耕地安全利用的工作方法,为推动龙山县百合产业发展提供了科学依据。  相似文献