地质和岩土工程光电传感监测研究新进展——第六届OSMG国际论坛综述     

朱鸿鹄  施斌  张诚成 《工程地质学报》2020,28(1):178-188

第六届地质(岩土)工程光电传感监测国际论坛于2017年11月3~5日在南京大学顺利召开。本届论坛主题为"基础设施监测技术前沿及应用",共设置了35场特邀报告,来自近20个国家和地区的350余位代表参会。本届论坛显示,近几年来国内外地质和岩土工程光电传感监测领域的研究工作又取得了很多新进展:(1)光电感测解调技术不断成熟和完善,监测信噪比、空间分辨率等指标也突飞猛进;(2)国际上出现了一系列适用于地质与岩土工程监测的新型光电传感器,如聚合物光纤土工织物等;(3)光电传感器及其监测系统成为保障隧道、堤坝、核电站、桥梁等基础设施安全运营的有力工具,为这些设施的健康状态诊断和损伤识别提供了数据支撑;(4)光电传感监测技术在地质灾害监测预警中扮演了越来越重要的角色。未来的研究热点主要集中于3个方面:(1)高性价比的分布式光纤传感解调技术的研发;(2)匹配地质和岩土工程监测需求的新型光纤传感器及其布设工艺的研发;(3)基于人工智能的监测数据处理和灾害预警系统的开发。  相似文献   

天文光干涉与综合孔径技术的发展     

郭红锋 《紫金山天文台台刊》2003,(1)

本文简单介绍了光干涉与综合孔径技术发展的历史、国际上用于天文观测的一些著名光干涉仪的技术特点和进展、以及近年来我国开展的与光干涉 ,综合孔径技术有关的工作 ,最后简要介绍了在光学综合孔径技术领域所发展的光纤与集成光学等新技术  相似文献   

海带膳食纤维的提取与功能性试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李来好  陈培基  李刘冬  杨贤庆  吴燕燕  刁石强  薛长湖 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(5):687-694

采用酶技术和化学处理相结合的方法 ,研究了海带膳食纤维的工艺技术 ,筛选出海带膳食纤维提取和漂白的最佳工艺条件 ,提取出海带膳食纤维产品 ,并进行人体的功能性试验。结果表明 ,海带膳食纤维的产率达 2 7.3% ,颜色为类白色 ,膳食纤维含量达 73.3% ,钙含量 7.5% ,膨胀力为55m L/ g,持水力为 2 650 % ;海带膳食纤维的功能性优于小麦麸皮膳食纤维 ,对便秘患者具有良好的疗效。  相似文献   

Glaciomarine sedimentation and palaeo-glacial setting of Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica     

Ho Il Yoon  Myung Woo Han  Byong-Kwon Park  Jae-Kyung Oh  Soon-Keun Chang 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):265-282

High-resolution (3.5 kHz and multi-channel) seismic profiles and piston cores were collected from Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during the Korea Antarctic Research Program (1992/93 and 1995/96) to elucidate the glaciomarine sedimentation processes and recent glacial history of the area. Seismic data from Maxwell Bay reveal a rugged bay margin and flattened basin floor covered with well-stratified hemipelagic muds. On the base-of-slope, acoustically transparent debris flows occur, indicating downslope resedimentation of glaciomarine sediments. Despite the subpolar and ice-proximal settings of Marian Cove, the seafloor is highly rugged with a thin sediment drape, suggesting that much of the area has been recently eroded by glaciers. Sediment cores from the cove penetrated three distinct fining-upward lithofacies: (1) basal till in the lower part of the core, accumulated just seaward of the grounding line of the tidewater glacier; (2) interlaminated sand and mud in the middle part, deposited in ice-proximal zone by a combination of episodic subglacial meltwater inflow and iceberg dumping; and (3) pebbly mud in the upper part, deposited in ice-distal zone by both surface meltwater plume and ice-rafting from the glacier front. A reconstruction of the glacial history of these areas since the late glacial maximum shows an ice sheet filling Maxwell Bay in late Wisconsin time and grounding of the tidewater glacier in Marian Cove until about 1300 yr BP.  相似文献   

A seismic reconnaissance survey of the northern Congo Fan     

Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben  Volkhard Spiess  Ulrich Bleil 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):283-306

To study the time-varying influence of the Congo River and the Benguela Current on the deposition at the Angola Continental Margin, a high-resolution reflection seismic survey was carried out on the northern Congo Fan. Four seismostratigraphic units have been defined for the upper 800 m (1000 ms TWT) of the data. The units record different depositional environments, ranging from pre-establishment of the Congo River drainage system to the influence of the Benguela Current. An indication of a general change in the turbidite system is provided by a shift in channel distribution and a relocation of the depocentre of coarse material. The ascent of salt is recorded up to the Pliocene. Gas that has migrated out of Lower Cretaceous shales and that was produced from large quantities of organic matter in the younger sediments can be found on the flanks and on top of the salt domes. In a few places, this gas even ascends to the ocean floor along structural pathways through the topmost unit.  相似文献   

Evidence for the evolution of an oxygen minimum layer at the beginning of S-1 sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean     

K. Strohle  M. D. Krom 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):231-236

The sediments of the eastern Mediterranean basin contain a series of organic-rich sapropels intercalated with organic-poor nannofossil oozes. Until recently the timing of the onset of sapropel formation was not known accurately because of the low resolution achievable by conventional radiocarbon dating. Compilation of all available ¹⁴C-AMS dates show that the base of S-1 (the most recent sapropel) was initiated 8800 years B.P. (¹⁴C age corrected by 400 years for reservoir effect) under a 500 m water column and moved progressively into deeper water reaching depths of 3500 m at 8200 years B.P. The linear correlation between the age of S-1 onset and water depth suggests that formation of sapropels moved into deeper water at a rate of 1000 m/200 year. A model is suggested in which export production which sank below the well-mixed surface layers (500 m) was respired consuming dissolved oxygen in the Levantine deep water until a threshold value was reached when sapropels began to be preserved in the sediment. This resulted in a progressively deepening oxygen minimum zone with time until eventually the entire deep water in the basin was oxygen depleted. Assuming that the threshold value for sapropel formation was complete anoxia, it was calculated that primary productivity in the basin during the deposition of S-1 was a factor of 5 greater than that found at present.  相似文献   

Accelerated relative sea-level rise and rapid coastal erosion:: testing a causal relationship for the Louisiana barrier islands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jeffrey H. List  Asbury H. Sallenger Jr.  Mark E. Hansen  Bruce E. Jaffe 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):347-365

The role of relative sea-level rise as a cause for the rapid erosion of Louisiana's barrier island coast is investigated through a numerical implementation of a modified Bruun rule that accounts for the low percentage of sand-sized sediment in the eroding Louisiana shoreface. Shore-normal profiles from 150 km of coastline west of the Mississippi delta are derived from bathymetric surveys conducted during the 1880s, 1930s and 1980s. An RMS difference criterion is employed to test whether an equilibrium profile form is maintained between survey years. Only about half the studied profiles meet the equilibrium criterion; this represents a significant limitation on the potential applicability of the Bruun rule. The profiles meeting the equilibrium criterion, along with measured rates of relative sea-level rise, are used to hindcast shoreline retreat rates at 37 locations within the study area. Modeled and observed shoreline retreat rates show no significant correlation. Thus, in terms of the Bruun approach, relative sea-level rise has no power for hindcasting (and presumably forecasting) rates of coastal erosion for the Louisiana barrier islands.  相似文献   

地质和岩土工程光纤传感监测技术综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

隋海波  施斌  张丹  王宝军  魏广庆  朴春德 《工程地质学报》2008,16(1):135-143

光纤传感器与常规传感器相比具有很大的优越性,已经成为地质和岩土工程监测领域中的研究热点。本文介绍了光纤传感监测系统的种类、基本测量原理和目前国内外的研究发展状况,并对各种传感技术的性能和特点进行了比较,指出了光纤传感监测技术应用于地质和岩土工程监测尚需研究的相关课题。  相似文献   

Determination of total selenium in geological samples by HG-AFS？ After enrichment with thiol cotton fiber     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):208-209

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动物体内青石棉纤维变化特征的显微研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董发勤  罗素琼  李国武 《矿物学报》2002,22(3):191-195

石棉纤维粉尘注入动物体内后，一部分形成石棉小体或石棉斑，一部分仍为裸露纤维。石棉小体内的纤维表面基团和组织内的某些蛋白反应可形成新的表面介体。粉尘在动物体内引起的动物病变主要是纤维化组织包裹和间皮瘤，机体以吞噬、包裹、缠绕，或以生化溶解方式排解粉尘。纤维自身则出现变短、尖部圆化、折断、分叉现象，也可以出现溶解、迁移、表面化学反应等。肺泡内纤维的碳酸盐化现象是体内纤维溶解和反应的新方式。动物体内间皮瘤可生长在注入部位也可在非注入部位，某种毒性衍生物质的生成和迁移是引起病变的主要原因。体内纤维粉尘的溶解是一个非常缓慢的过程，细小粉尘易于溶解和迁移。体内粉尘的膜阻滞现象在腹膜、胸膜上较为常见，在膜部位不易生成间皮瘤，肿瘤多引发在膜的内侧。但膜可以弱纤维化包裹。  相似文献