Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses          下载免费PDF全文

J.C. Li  N.N. Li  S.B. Chai  H.B. Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(1):95-109

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.  相似文献   

Census survey approach to quantifying īnanga spawning habitat for conservation and management     

Shane Orchard  Michael J. Hickford 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(2):284-294

Here, we describe a methodology for quantifying the spawning habitat of īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), a protected native fish species. Our approach is demonstrated with a survey of the Heathcote/ōpāwaho following the Canterbury earthquakes that produced unexpected findings. Spawning habitat was detected over a 2.5?km reach and the area occupied by spawning sites (75m²) was much larger than in previous records (ca.?21m²). Sites dominated by the invasive Phalaris arundinaceae were found to support high egg numbers. Spawning has not previously been recorded on this species and it is identified in the literature as a threat to spawning habitat. Considerable spatio-temporal variation was also detected in the location of spawning sites and pattern of egg production. Together, these aspects illustrate the need for a comprehensive survey methodology to reliably quantify spawning habitat. The Heathcote/ōpāwaho example shows the utility of our census approach for achieving this, and supporting habitat conservation objectives.  相似文献   

Explicit stress–strain equations for modeling frictional materials     

Kenneth J. Xu  Martin D. Liu  Buddhima Indraratna 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(6):722-734

In this paper, a comprehensive study on simulating the shearing behavior of frictional materials is performed. A set of two explicit equations, describing the relationship among the shear stress ratio and the distortional strain and the volumetric strain, are formulated independently. The equations contain three stress parameters and three strain parameters and another parameter representing the nonuniformity of stress and strain during softening. All the parameters have clear physical significance and can be determined experimentally. It is demonstrated that the proposed equations have the capacity of simulating the complicated shearing behavior of many types of frictional materials including geomaterials. The proposed equations are used to simulate the stress–strain behavior for 27 frictional materials with 98 tests. These materials include soft and stiff clays in both reconstituted and structured states, silicon sands and calcareous sands, silts, compacted fill materials, volcanic soils, decomposed granite soils, cemented soils (both artificially and naturally cemented), partially saturated soils, ballast, rocks, reinforced soils, tire chips, sugar, wheat, and rapeseed. It has been demonstrated that the proposed explicit constitutive equations have the capacity to capture accurately the shearing behavior of frictional materials both qualitatively and quantitatively. A study on model parameters has been performed.  相似文献   

基于2 m格网点云数据的高精度DEM制作第三次国土调查坡度图     

李国华 《测绘通报》2020,(8):117-121

地形地貌随着时间的推移时刻发生变化，以高精度数字高程模型（EDE）数据制作坡度图，进而计算田坎系数，更精准地进行耕地面积计算及统计。以2 m格网点云数据生成的DEM数据为基础，按照第三次全国国土调查的相关技术要求，根据耕地坡度分级要求进行分级，生成坡度分级栅格数据图。对坡度分级栅格数据图进行矢量化，生成坡度分级矢量化数据。对矢量化数据进行图斑综合、界线平滑、拓扑重建、数据裁切等处理，制作完成调查区域坡度图及相关属性数据制作。并对生产的坡度图成果进行分析，找出不同尺度格网生产的坡度图的技术差异，并对高精度坡度的应用进行了展望。  相似文献   

日照市土壤地球化学元素分布规律及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

庞绪贵  宋娟娟  代杰瑞  喻超  张华平  陈磊  任天龙  王红晋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

在日照市开展多目标区域地球化学调查，获取了表层土壤和深层土壤地球化学数据，通过对获得的地球化学参数进行统计分析，确定了日照市土壤地球化学基准值和背景值，认为日照市除部分元素或指标外，大部分元素或指标土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全省土壤地球化学基准值和背景值接近。研究发现，日照市As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Hg，Ni，Pb，Zn等8种重金属元素背景值含量低于国家土壤环境质量标准的土壤一级标准限值，日照市土壤质量基本保持自然背景水平；而受工业化生产和城市化建设等后期人为活动影响，日照市表层土壤中Cd，C，Hg，N，P，S，Se，Corg等元素或指标出现明显富集，应引起重视。  相似文献   

自然资源全要素自适应野外调查框架设计     

刘立  刘娟  陈宏宇  李维庆 《测绘通报》2020,(1):107

针对自然资源全要素调查工作中分类标准不同、调查口径不同、调查方法不同，造成的各部门调查软件平台重复开发建设和调查数据结果地理信息特征表达不清晰等问题，本文结合自然资源全要素野外调查工作的实际需要，以山水林田湖草生命共同体为统一对象，构建了自然资源语义化特征模型，提出了表征不同自然资源类型的自适应野外调查方法，实现了灵活性高、性能优异的自然资源调查技术平台，形成了统一的自然资源全要素野外调查框架，可以有效提升多门类自然资源基础调查、专业调查、动态调查的能力与水平，为自然资源治理能力现代化提供了可靠技术保障。  相似文献   

Spatial measurements of stream baseflow,a relevant method for aquifer characterization and permeability evaluation. Application to a hard‐rock aquifer,the Oman ophiolite     

B. Dewandel  P. Lachassagne  A. Qatan 《水文研究》2004,18(17):3391-3400

The structure, functioning and hydrodynamic properties of aquifers can be determined from an analysis of the spatial variability of baseflow in the streams with which they are associated. Such analyses are based on simple low‐cost measurements. Through interpreting the hydrological profiles (Q = f(A)) it is possible to locate the aquifer(s) linked to the stream network and to determine the type of interrelated flow, i.e. whether the stream drains or feeds the aquifer. Using an analytical solution developed for situations with a positive linear relationship, i.e. where the baseflow increases linearly with increasing catchment size, it is also possible to estimate the permeability of the aquifer(s) concerned at catchment scale. Applied to the hard‐rock aquifers of the Oman ophiolite, this method shows that the ‘gabbro’ aquifer is more permeable than the ‘peridotite’ aquifer. As a consequence the streams drain the peridotites and ‘leak’ into the gabbro. The hydrological profiles within the peridotite are linear and positive, and indicate homogeneity in the hydrodynamic properties of these formations at the kilometre scale. The permeability of the peridotite is estimated at 5 · 10^?7 to 5 · 10^?8 m/s. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

隧道工程地质评价的内容和方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈新建  孙琳  李新星  孙巧银 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(1):41-45

结合工程隧道实际,首先阐述了隧道工程的基本地质环境和工程地质条件,然后针对隧道工程可能出现的不良地质现象和可采取的工程措施,从大气降水、围岩稳定、围岩压力、洞口稳定、隧道比选等角度探讨隧道工程地质评价的主要方法和一般内容,进行隧道工程地质评价,为隧道施工、支护提供了依据.  相似文献   

P‐wave transmission across fractures with nonlinear deformational behaviour     

X. B. Zhao  J. Zhao  J. G. Cai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(11):1097-1112

Stress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. When the wave amplitude is large, fractures experience nonlinear deformation during the wave propagation. This paper presents a study on normal transmission of P‐wave across parallel fractures with nonlinear deformational behaviour (static Barton–Bandis model). The results show that the magnitude of transmission coefficient is a function of incident wave amplitude, nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. Two important indices of nondimensional fracture spacing are identified, and they divide the area of nondimensional fracture spacing into three parts (individual fracture area, transition area and small spacing area). In the different areas, the magnitude of transmission coefficient has different trends with nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. In addition, the study reveals that under some circumstances, the magnitude of transmission coefficient increases with increasing number of fractures, and is larger than 1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

描述地壳垂直运动过程的一种函数形式     

杨国华  巩曰沐  卢景忠  韩月萍 《大地测量与地球动力学》1995,(1)

本文在已有数据处理方法的基础上，利用近代数值逼近理论，给出了从时空域角度描述地壳垂直运动过程的一种具体的函数解析形式。最后给出了一个实际算例。  相似文献