陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘文超  刘纪远  匡文慧 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(3):401-422

This paper looks at the Green for Grain Project in northern Shaanxi Province.Based on remote sensing monitoring data,this study analyzes the locations of arable land in northern Shaanxi in the years 2000,2010 and 2013 as well as spatio-temporal changes over that period,and then incorporates data on the distribution of terraced fields to improve the input parameters of a RUSLE model and simulate and generate raster data on soil erosion for northern Shaanxi at different stages with a accuracy verification.Finally,combined with the dataset of farmland change,compared and analyzed the characteristics of soil erosion change in the converted farmland to forest(grassland)and the unconverted farmland in northern Shaanxi,so as to determine the project’s impact on soil erosion over time across the region.The results show that between 2000 and 2010,the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi decreased 22.7 t/ha,equivalent to 47.08%of the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in 2000.In the same period,the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland fell 10.99 t/ha,equivalent to 28.6%of the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland in 2000.The soil erosion modulus for all types of land in northern Shaanxi decreased by an average of 14.51 t/ha between 2000 and 2010,equivalent to 41.87%of the soil erosion modulus for the entire region in 2000.This suggests that the Green for Grain Project effectively reduced the soil erosion modulus,thus helping to protect the soil.In particular,arable land that was turned into forest and grassland reduced erosion most noticeably and contributed most to soil conservation.Nevertheless,in the period 2010 to 2013,which was a period of consolidation of the Green for Grain Project,the soil erosion modulus and change in volume of soil erosion in northern Shaanxi were significantly lower than in the previous decade.  相似文献   

Impact of Grazing Exclusion on the Surface Heat Balance in North Tibet     

FENG Yunfei  DI Yingwei  ZHANG Jing  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  Niu Ben 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):283-289

The grazing exclusion program used by the Tibetan government to protect the ecological environment has changed the vegetation and impacted the surface heat balance in North Tibet. However, little information is available to describe the in?uences of the current grazing exclusion program on local surface heat balance. This study uses the records of fenced grassland patch locations to identify the impact of grazing exclusion on surface heat balance in North Tibet. The records of fenced grassland patch locations, including the longitude, latitude, and elevation of the vertices of each fenced patch (polygon shapes), were provided by the agriculture and animal husbandry bureaus of the counties where the patches were located. ArcGIS 10.2 was used to create polygon shapes based on patch location records. Based on satellite data and the surface heat balance system determined by the model, values for changes in land surface temperature (LST), albedo and evapotranspiration (ET) induced by grazing exclusion were obtained. All of these can influence surface heat balance and alter the fluctuation of LST in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The LST trends for day and night showed an asymmetric diurnal variation, with a larger magnitude of warming in the day than cooling at night. The maximum decrease in absorbed shortwave of LST (-0.5 - -0.4 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, while the minimum decrease (-0.2 - -0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the eastern region. The decreased latent heat lead to the LST increased maximum (>1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, The eastern region increased at a rate of 0.2-0.5 ℃ per decade, while the minimum increase (0-0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the northwestern region.  相似文献   

辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境，并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素，获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma，表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征，富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb），亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素，稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型，具有明显的负Eu异常；显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩，形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境，其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前，属于挤压造山环境，表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。  相似文献   

1980—2015年风蚀影响下中国北方土壤有机质与养分流失时空特征     

赵海鹏  宋宏权  刘鹏飞  李霄阳  王团徽 《地理研究》2019,38(11):2778-2789

中国北方干旱/半干旱区是全球主要的沙尘源区之一,风蚀造成的沙尘排放可导致大量的土壤有机质（SOM）与养分流失,并通过传输与沉降过程对其进行空间再分配,对空气质量、气候变化、植被生长及生物地球化学过程等具有重要影响。本文利用WRF/Chem（Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry）v3.7.1大气化学传输模型,对1980—2015年间中国北方沙尘排放及其引起的SOM、全氮（TN）与全磷（TP）的时空变化过程进行了精细化模拟,探究了中国北方风蚀引起的SOM、TN与TP养分流失的时空变化特征。结果表明：① 1980—2015年来平均每年约有66.59 Tg的沙尘颗粒排放至大气;② 沙尘排放具有较大的时空差异,沙尘排放源区主要集中在新疆东部、内蒙古西部的巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠等地区;③ 每年因沙尘排放引起的SOM、TN和TP流失量分别约为0.07 Tg、0.004 Tg和0.005 Tg;④ 1980—2015年间中国北方沙尘排放及其引起的SOM、TN与TP的流失量具有较强的年际波动,未呈现显著的趋势性变化特征。本研究对于认知风蚀在碳循环与养分循环过程中的作用,以及对深入了解中国北方的土地退化机理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

新疆库车县盐水沟北铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘传朋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

盐水沟北铜矿区位于新疆库车县北部,其大地构造位置处于塔吉克-塔里木陆块区、塔里木陆块、塔里木北缘隆起、库车前陆盆地,区内构造活动强烈。铜矿床赋存于新近纪中新统康村组第一岩性段,矿体呈层状,严格受地层控制。区内共圈定10个铜矿体,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、赤铜矿、水胆矾、自然铜等,矿体内无夹石,顶、底板围岩均为褐红色及浅红色粉质泥岩。该矿床为砂岩型铜矿床。  相似文献   

威海市褚岛北部海域CDOM和COD分布特征遥感分析     

黄妙芬  王忠林  邢旭峰  陈亮  孙忠泳 《海洋技术学报》2018,(2):63-70

根据2017年7月和9月在山东威海褚岛北部海域现场测量的COD_(Mn)(Chemical oxygen demand)值和水体表观光学量,结合COMS(Communication,OceanMeteorological Satellite)上搭载的传感器GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)所提供的有色可溶性有机物(Chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)产品,利用星地同步观测数据对现有的基于遥感反射比反演CDOM的模式进行验证,确定适合该海域的CDOM浓度遥感反演模式;通过对测试海域化学需氧量与遥感反演的水体CDOM浓度相关性分析,建立利用CDOM反演COD_(Mn)的遥感模式,并将该模式应用于测试海域LANDSAT 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)遥感图像上,获取该海域COD_(Mn)浓度专题图,基于这些专题图分析了测试海域COD_(Mn)时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)基于GOCI产品的CDOM浓度值随时间和站点动态变化大,离岸越近数值越高,同一地点水体前后相差近1 h的数值变化也较大;(2)基于LANDSAT 8/OLI遥感数据反演的COD_(Mn)浓度时间动态变化大,总体来看褚岛附近水体的COD_(Mn)含量相对较低,褚岛以北海域水体COD_(Mn)含量有所增加,褚岛西侧水体的COD_(Mn)含量较东侧水体COD_(Mn)含量来说整体偏高。  相似文献   

Stable isotopes of water show deep seasonal recharge in northern bogs and fens          下载免费PDF全文

Zeno F. Levy  Donald I. Siegel  Soumitri S. Dasgupta  Paul H. Glaser  Jeffrey M. Welker 《水文研究》2014,28(18):4938-4952

Ground water recharge is assumed to occur primarily at raised bog crests in northern peatlands, which are globally significant terrestrial carbon reservoirs. We synoptically surveyed vertical profiles of peat pore water δ¹⁸O and δ²H from a range of bog and fen landforms across the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota. Contrary to our expectations, we find that local‐scale recharge penetrates to not only the basal peat at topographically high bog crests but also transitional Sphagnum lawns and low‐lying fen water tracks. Surface landscape characteristics appear to control the isotopic composition of the deeper pore waters (depths ≥0.5 m), which are partitioned into discrete ranges of δ¹⁸O on the basis of landform type (mean ± standard deviation for bog crests = ?11.9 ± 0.4‰, lawns = ?10.6 ± 0.1‰, fen water tracks = ?8.8 ± 1.0‰). Fen water tracks have a shallow free‐water surface that is seasonally enriched by isotope fractionating evaporation, fingerprinting recharge to underlying pore waters at depths ≥3 m. Isotope mass balance calculations indicate on average 12% of the waters we sampled from the basal peat of the fen water tracks was lost to surface evaporation, which occurred prior to advection and dispersion into the underlying formation. These new data provide direct support for the hypothesis that methane production in deeper peat strata is fuelled by the downward transport of labile carbon substrates from the surface of northern peat basins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

华北板块北缘勃隆克A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义     

李春麟  王宗秀  陶涛 《地质通报》2020,(1):40-50

内蒙古翁牛特旗勃隆克岩体位于华北板块北缘,侵位于上侏罗系火山岩地层中。详细的岩相学研究显示,勃隆克花岗岩具有粒状结构、蠕虫结构和文像结构,块状构造,部分斜长石已绢云母化、泥化。对勃隆克花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得134.0±1.8Ma和134.9±4.1Ma的侵位年龄,表明其形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示,花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,有较高的SO2(74.1%~75.6%)、Na2O+K2O(8.98%~9.2%)、Rb(210×10-6~225×10-6)含量和10000×Ga/Al(2.69~2.80)、Rb/Sr(5.8~18.9)值,具有较低的CaO、MgO、Ba和Sr含量。铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.99~1.03,属于偏铝质或过铝质A型花岗岩。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解显示,轻稀土元素相对富集,负Eu异常明显;在原始地幔标准化图解上,Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、P、T强烈亏损,富集Rb、Th、K、Hf等元素,与华北板块北缘早白垩世A型花岗岩类似。结合区域构造演化,认为勃隆克花岗岩形成于伸展构造背景。晚中生代,华北板块北缘构造体制经历了重大的转变,地壳从挤压体制转为岩石圈减薄和地壳伸展体制,软流圈物质上涌导致上覆地壳长英质物质的部分熔融形成勃隆克A型花岗岩。  相似文献   

南海北部冷泉区深水珊瑚的发现及其特征     

陈忠  莫爱彬  赵美霞  仲义  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(1):64-71

冷水珊瑚也称为深水珊瑚, 在生物多样性、生态资源和科研价值等方面具有重要意义。文章对采自南海北部冷泉区的冷水珊瑚骨骼碎屑进行测定, 鉴定出冷水珊瑚2个种(Crispatotrochus sp.1和Crispatotrochus sp.2), 以及4个属[Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia)、Balanophyllia (Eupsammia)、Lochmaeotrochus和Enallopsammia]。测定的冷水珊瑚的δ¹³C为-7.36‰~-1.15‰, δ¹⁸O为-1.38‰~3.67‰, 与全球冷水珊瑚碳氧同位素组成相似, 但明显不同于南海暖水珊瑚、冷泉碳酸盐岩及低温热液成因碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成。  相似文献   

南海北部东沙天然气水合物区浮游植物生物量和生产力粒级结构特征及其环境影响分析     

康建华  梁前勇  王建军  林毅力  何雪宝  夏真  郑新庆  王雨 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(1):97-107

本文讨论了2013年5月南海东沙天然气水合物区浮游植物生物量和生产力粒级结构特征及其环境影响因素。结果表明，研究海域表现出典型的低营养盐、低叶绿素a、低生产力特征，浮游植物叶绿素a和初级生产力具有明显的次表层最大值现象。东沙海域生物量和初级生产力粒级结构差异性显著，从生物量和生产力贡献度来看，表现为微微型浮游植物> 微型浮游植物> 小型浮游植物。生物量的垂直分布结果表明，春季不同粒级类群浮游植物在真光层内的分布存在明显不同，比如小型浮游植物在真光层内分布较均匀；微型浮游植物则主要分布于近表层或真光层中部，而微微型浮游植物则主要分布于真光层中部和底部。微微型浮游植物在纬度较低的热带贫营养海区之所以能够占主导优势，最主要的原因是其极小的细胞体积和较大的表面积使其有利于营养竞争。相关性分析表明，南海东沙浮游植物各粒级生物量与温度、pH显著正相关，与硅酸盐、磷酸盐显著负相关；浮游植物各粒级生产力与温度显著正相关，与盐度、磷酸盐显著负相关。磷酸盐含量是影响东沙海域浮游植物粒级结构差异的重要因素之一，同时，光辐照度和水体的真光层深度对东沙天然气水合物区不同粒径浮游植物的垂直分布起着更为重要的调控作用。  相似文献