微型全极化SAR海洋监测应用技术研究     

王军锋  乔明  刘子畅  吕大勇 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):88-90

我国作为海洋大国,近年来海洋事业进入快速发展时期,合成孔径雷达以其自身的技术特点在海洋遥感监测中发挥了重要的作用。在以往的海洋监测中大多采用星载合成孔径雷达获取海洋数据,但因星载SAR受到卫星搭载平台和运行轨道等因素影响,对局部地区高时效的数据获取还存在一定的制约因素。本文通过对无人机机载微型全极化合成孔径雷达对海岸带、海岛礁、海洋动目标高分辨率成像和应用分析研究,为无人机机载SAR在海洋监测中的应用提供了全新的技术手段。  相似文献   

环渤海地区海洋经济增长质量空间溢出效应研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李博  田闯  金翠  史钊源 《地理科学》2020,40(8):1266-1275

海洋经济向质量效益型转变是建设海洋强国的新要求。通过构建海洋经济?地理距离空间权重矩阵对2000—2014年环渤海地区17个沿海地级市海洋经济增长质量主体的空间交互作用及空间效应进行研究；借助空间计量模型对海洋经济增长质量空间效应影响因素进行甄别。研究表明：① 环渤海地区海洋经济增长质量主体呈显著空间相关性，存在空间交互作用；② 海洋经济增长质量存在空间溢出的正反馈效应。影响因素中对环渤海地区海洋经济增长质量的直接贡献强度排序为：海洋环境>海洋产业>海洋人才>海洋资本>海洋科技，对其他地区溢出效应影响的排序为：海洋基建>海洋人才>海洋资本。研究为环渤海地区海洋政策制定提供一定参考依据。  相似文献   

Bathymetry,substrate and fishing areas of Southeast Atlantic high-seas seamounts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

OA Bergstad  ÅS Høines  R Sarralde  G Campanis  M Gil  F Ramil 《African Journal of Marine Science》2019,41(1):11-28

Most of the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is abyssal, and global bathymetries suggest that only ～3.2% of the areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ; also known as the high seas, as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS]) are shallower than 2 500 m. This study mapped bathymetry and characterised substrates in selected seamount summit areas, including several that have been or may become fishing areas. The southernmost location, the Schmitt-Ott Seamount, has exposed volcanic bedrock with surrounding flats covered by thin biogenic sediments and/or coral rubble that appears ancient. At Wüst, Vema, Valdivia and Ewing seamounts the basaltic base appears to be overlain by coral caps and other coral substrates (sheets, rubble). Adjacent summit plains have biogenic sediments of varying thickness. Vema has a flat, roughly circular summit, <100 m deep, with the shallowest point being a 22-m-deep summit knoll; the upper slopes have ancient coral framework, but the summit has a mixture of coralline and volcanic rock and coarse sediments, including extensive areas with coralline algae and kelp forests. Valdivia Bank is a 230-m-deep, flat, rocky area (～11 × 5 km), protruding steeply from the extensive multi-summit Valdivia subarea of the Walvis Ridge. The distribution of past fisheries in the Convention Area of the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) was considered in relation to the new information on bathymetry and substrate.  相似文献   

刘公岛海洋牧场底层海水溶解氧浓度的变化特征     

李兆钦  李欣  孙利元  刘子洲  顾艳镇  翟方国  李培良 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):86-99

由于缺乏长期观测资料,前人对山东半岛邻近海域海水溶解氧的时间变化和空间分布特征的研究较少。本文基于威海刘公岛海洋牧场于2016年7月20日至2017年3月14日期间,利用生态环境实时在线观测系统获得的底层海水的温度、盐度、水深、溶解氧数据,分析了该牧场海水溶解氧浓度的时间变化特征及其影响因素,并探讨了低氧灾害发生的可能性。结果表明在观测期间,该牧场海水溶解氧浓度以季节变化为主,冬季最大、夏季最小,其中2月份平均值最高,约为10.86mg/L,8月份平均值最低,约为5.91mg/L。同时海水溶解氧浓度也存在显著的小时变化和日变化,且变化幅度于8月份最大、3月份最小。影响海水溶解氧浓度变化的主要因素是海水温度,溶解氧浓度随着温度的季节性变化而变化。夏季,水体分层会使溶解氧浓度发生大幅度的降低,大风过程对于溶解氧浓度也有一定的影响,通过打破夏季的季节性温跃层使水体发生垂向混合从而为海底提供氧气,但大风过程之后的几天会出现溶解氧浓度降低的现象。本次研究发现刘公岛海洋牧场在观测期间不存在低氧现象。  相似文献   

A continuous tephrostratigraphic record from the Labrador Sea spanning the last 65 ka     

Sunniva Rutledal  Haflidi Haflidason  Sarah M. P. Berben  Lisa Griem  Eystein Jansen 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(7):855-868

Volcanic ash preserved in marine sediment sequences is key for independent synchronization of palaeoclimate records within and across different climate archives. Here we present a continuous tephrostratigraphic record from the Labrador Sea, spanning the last 65–5 ka, an area and time period that has not been investigated in detail within the established North Atlantic tephra framework. We investigated marine sediment core GS16-204-22CC for increased tephra occurrences and geochemically analysed the major element composition of tephra shards to identify their source volcano(es). In total we observed eight tephra zones, of which five concentration peaks show isochronous features that can be used as independent tie-points in future studies. The main transport mechanism of tephra shards to the site was near-instantaneous deposition by drifting of sea ice along the East Greenland Current. Our results show that the Icelandic Veidivötn volcanic system was the dominant source of tephra material, especially between late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and early MIS 3. The Veidivötn system generated volcanic eruptions in cycles of ca. 3–5 ka. We speculate that the quantity of tephra delivered to the Labrador Sea was a result of variable Icelandic ice volume and/or changes in the transportation pathway towards the Labrador Sea.  相似文献   

中国海域1:100万区域地质调查主要成果与认识          下载免费PDF全文

秦绪文  石显耀  张勇  李学杰  李军  肖桂义  许振强  王宏斌  吕文超  吴浩  姚永坚  尚鲁宁  杨楚鹏  王中波  高红芳  王明健  密蓓蓓  钟和贤  胡刚  陈泓君  黄龙  罗伟东  梅西  徐子英  田陟贤  王忠蕾 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1355-1369

中国海域及邻区是建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”、打造海洋命运共同体和推动可持续发展的关键地区，也是地球科学最具有典型性和代表性的研究区域之一。中国管辖海域1：100万区域地质调查是一项以国家需求为导向、以解决重大地球系统科学问题为目标的基础性公益性工作。中国地质调查局通过近20年的持续调查，实现了对中国管辖海域1：100万区域地质调查的全面覆盖，系统地获取了海洋地质和地球物理基础数据，形成了基于实测数据的“一图一库一报告”，大幅提升了中国海洋地质调查工作程度。这项工作填补了中国小比例尺海洋地质国情调查的空白，初步摸清了中国管辖海域地质环境条件和资源环境潜力，取得了一批原创性的认识，为建设海洋强国提供了详实可靠的地质资料，为提升区域地质科学的认知水平奠定了坚实基础。  相似文献   

黄海透光层悬浮半导体矿物组成及其促进微生物胞外电子传递过程初探     

刘佳  孙元  任桂平  鲁安怀  李艳  丁竑瑞 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(1):96-104

在地球上最为活跃的海洋透光层体系中,矿物-微生物交互作用的形式十分丰富。系统采集了黄海近海透光层水体样品,测试分析发现其中分布大量悬浮半导体矿物及微生物群落。通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)及配有的EDX能谱仪,从宏观到微区对悬浮颗粒矿物的化学元素组成进行了测试分析,发现其主要矿物组成元素为Si、O、Na、K、Ca、Al等,且含有较高含量的Mn、Fe、Ti等金属元素;通过X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)测试从整体到局部分析悬浮颗粒矿物的物相组成,发现其主要组成矿物为石英、钠长石、方解石、云母和绿泥石等,还有锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿、针铁矿等铁、钛金属氧化物半导体矿物。通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析海水中主要微生物群落为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Planctomycetes、Woeseia、Fluviicola等,并通过构建双室反应体系对海水微生物与悬浮矿物间氧化还原作用及胞外电子传递过程进行了表征,结果显示增加海水悬浮矿物作为电子受体后,体系开路电压由330. 80 mV提升至426. 59 mV,提升比率达130%,最大输出功率由8. 376 9 mW/m^2提升至12. 096 8 mW/m^2,为原体系的1. 44倍。实验研究表明,海水透光层悬浮矿物能有效参与并促进微生物胞外电子传递过程,为后续深入研究基于电子能量传递利用的半导体矿物-微生物协同作用以及元素循环调控机制奠定初步基础。  相似文献   

节点-场所模型及其应用的研究进展与展望     

陆林  邓洪波 《地理科学》2019,39(1):12-21

系统梳理了节点-场所模型及其应用的相关研究成果,发现已有研究主要集中在利用模型分析枢纽地区节点与场所发展特点、探究枢纽地区类型特点、预测枢纽地区发展潜力等方面。基于高速交通网和互联网的快速发展,提出未来节点-场所模型应用研究的重点方向：开展不同类型交通枢纽地区节点功能和场所功能的协同作用研究,探索旅游地空间节点功能和场所功能的平衡发展路径,探究不同要素流网络中节点城市的节点和场所协同发展,揭示节点-场所模型视域下地域空间演化的特征与规律,构建跨学科多元化的研究方法体系。通过加强节点-场所模型的应用研究,有利于优化地域空间结构,提升地域空间功能,丰富地域空间发展的理论研究,对制定地域空间发展规划具有重要启示。  相似文献   

经济地理学制度理论的发展与建构的重要方向     

傅沂  赵子奇 《热带地理》2019,39(5):711-720

在中国制度差异显著与目前区域发展不平衡不充分的现实下,经济地理学与制度相结合的研究显得尤为必要。通过系统地梳理经济地理学与制度的关系发现,经济地理学与制度在历史上存在先分离后融合的情况,并且目前经济地理学与制度研究结合态势不容乐观,制度研究在本体论、方法论、时间维度、空间尺度、研究方法等方面仍然存在不足。通过文献梳理与理论分析,认为经济地理学的制度理论应基于演化经济地理学进行建构,并提出了建构的方向：1）以系统论、层级观为指导,注重构建制度的层级结构;2）以反还原论为基础,寻求方法论的突破;3）借助演化的思想与路径依赖理论,强调时间在制度系统中的作用;4）加强对各空间尺度的制度研究;5）注重工具方法的借鉴与创新。  相似文献   

Long‐term temporal and spatial patterns in bioeroding sponge distribution at the Abrolhos Bank,Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic     

Fernando Coreixas de Moraes  Fernanda Cervi  Cludia S. Karez  Leonardo T. Salgado  Rodrigo L. Moura  Gabriella A. Leal  Alex C. Bastos  Gilberto M. Amado‐Filho 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(3)

Bioeroding sponges belong to the most dominant bioeroders, significantly contributing to the erosion of coral reefs. Some species are tolerant or even benefit from environmental conditions such as ocean warming, acidification, and eutrophication. In consequence, increases in sponge bioerosion have been observed on some coral reefs over the last decades. The Abrolhos Bank is the largest coral reef system in the South Atlantic. It has been affected by sedimentation, eutrophication, overfishing, and climate change, mainly affecting coastal reefs, and at lesser intensity outer ones as well. This study aimed to describe spatial and temporal patterns in bioeroding sponge distribution in carbonate substrates in the Abrolhos Bank. Photo‐quadrats were used to compare bioeroding sponge abundance between two shallow reefs: a coastal, Pedra de Leste (PL), and an outer reef, Parcel dos Abrolhos (PAB). Each individual was delimitated over the substrate by determining the sponge surface through a line connecting the outermost papillae. The study was conducted over 6 years in 2008–2009 and 2013–2016. Four species of bioeroding sponges were identified: Cliona carteri Ridley, 1881, C. delitrix Pang, 1973, C. cf. schmidtii Ridley, 1881, and Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971. The distribution and abundance of species varied between the inner and outer reefs and across the years, and displayed certain selectivity for the calcareous substrates recorded. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) were the main substrate excavated by the most abundant bioeroding species, C. carteri, and represented 70% of the substrate types occupied by this sponge (CCA, coral overgrown by CCA and plain coral). The highest abundance of bioeroding sponges observed in photo‐quadrats was 21.3 individuals/m² at the outer reefs (PAB) in 2014. The abundances or areal extents of bioeroding sponges were up to 10 times greater on the outer reefs than on the coastal ones, where sedimentation is higher and more strongly influenced by siliciclastic material. Moreover, a higher herbivorous fish biomass has been reported on outer reefs which could also influence the higher abundance of bioeroding sponges in outer reefs. During the study period of 6 years, an increase in bioeroding sponge abundance was observed at the outer reefs (PAB), with the sea surface temperature increase. As CCA have an important role in reefal cementation and carbonate production in the Abrolhos reefs, a bioerosion impact might be expected, in particular, on the outer reefs.  相似文献