Simultaneous water and vapour transfer in an unsaturated mudstone in badlands terrain,southwestern Taiwan     

Kohei Higuchi  Masahiro Chigira  Der-Her Lee  Jian-Hong Wu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(13):3323-3335

The simultaneous transfer of pore fluid and vapour was studied in the unsaturated shallow subsurface of a Plio-Pleistocene marine mudstone badland slope in southwestern Taiwan during the dry season using field monitoring data and numerical simulations. Data from field monitoring show mass-basis water contents of ~0.05 to ~0.10 that decrease towards the unsaturated ground surface and were invariant during the middle part of the dry season, except for daily fluctuations. In addition, the observed daily fluctuations in water content correlate with fluctuations in bedrock temperature, especially at depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. Periodic increases in water content occurred most notably during the day, when the bedrock temperature showed the greatest increase. Water contents then decreased to the previous state as bedrock temperature decreased during the night. Calculated vapour fluxes within the mudstone during the day increased up to 6 × 10⁻⁶–1 × 10⁻⁵ kg m⁻² s⁻¹, deriving a 0.01–0.02 increase in mass-basis water content at 2.5 cm depth for a 12-h period. This agrees with field monitoring data, suggesting that increases in water content occurred due to vapour intrusions into the bedrock. Pore water electrical conductivity (EC) showed periodic variations due to vapour intrusion, and gradually increased between the ground surface and depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. In contrast, pore water EC gradually decreased between 15 and 40 cm depth. Calculated water fluxes at depths of 2.5–40.0 cm varied from −4 × 10⁻⁶ to −2 × 10⁻⁹ kg m⁻² s⁻¹. These fluxes generated an increase in solute concentrations at the ground surface, with negative values of water flux indicating an upwards movement of water towards the surface. We show that the increase in solute content due to solute transfer from depth is highly dependent on variations in water flux with depth. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海南省连片贫困地区农户致贫风险分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张金萍  宋伟  林丹  余珍鑫  李庭筠  罗邱戈  程叶青 《地理科学》2020,40(4):608-616

农村贫困与减贫是世界性难题,也是中国各级政府高度重视并着力解决的重大民生问题。基于农户及致贫风险的文献梳理,从区位、社会和劳动力3个要素维度构建了农户致贫风险分析的二元Logistic回归模型。采用484户农户问卷调查数据,分析了海南省连片贫困地区农户的致贫风险,提出有效减贫和持续发展对策。研究发现:① 海南连片贫困地区生态环境良好但贫困发生率较高,家庭劳动力较充裕但受教育水平较低,子女教育支出负担重,因病因残致贫比例较高,女性务工人口较多,农户自身脱贫致富的发展动力不足。② 海拔高度200 m以下、男性户主、拥有残疾或患病成员、务工人口比例低、女性务工人员占比高、以及单位劳动力供养学生数高的农户具有更大的致贫风险。③ 研究未发现女性户主、少数民族、低受教育水平户主、大型规模家庭有更高的致贫风险,女性成员比例、抚养比等因素对农户贫困影响较小。激发农户内生动力、大力发展特色化和规模化农业、增加农户就业机会、加强针对农民工、女性务工人员和病残群体的社会保障等减贫政策制定实施是实现脱贫攻坚目标的重要途径。  相似文献   

城市“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的困境与出路——基于北京市的调查研究     

王颖  段霞  吴康 《地理科学》2020,40(5):786-792

剖析北京“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的现状,在针对“新鸟”进笼“老鸟”去哪问题,“老笼”空间结构合理优化问题,“老鸟”涅槃“新鸟”培育问题,“老鸟”和“新笼”承接问题的分析基础上,提出应完善京津冀产业链协作,“腾笼换鸟”拓展区域联动发展空间;东西城合并成首都特区,“腾笼换鸟”保护北京历史文化名城;切实发挥政府的职能作用,“腾笼换鸟”提升企业内在动力机制;规划建设“微中心”小城镇,“腾笼换鸟”促进北京人口有效疏解的建议。  相似文献   

中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化及其影响因素     

郭政  姚士谋  吴常艳 《地理科学》2020,40(12):1949-1957

采用空间分析和空间杜宾模型等方法，研究1999—2017年中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布差异明显，其排放的基尼系数和污染物分布指数均呈现下降态势，空间集中程度有所缓和。② 中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布呈东北?西南走向，其排放中心不断由东南向西北方向迁移。③ 中国工业烟粉尘排放存在空间相关性和空间溢出效应，其冷热点区空间分布发生显著变化。④ 能源消耗、第二产业比重、人口密度和经济发展水平的提升将会增加工业烟粉尘排放，而外资水平、治理技术水平和环境规制力度的提升则有利于减少工业烟粉尘排放。  相似文献   

Salinivibrio sp.YH4胞外丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS耐盐性及生物信息学分析          下载免费PDF全文

武翠玲  宋英达  高慧芳  张廉芸  任晨霞 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

摘要：目的 探讨菌株Salinivibrio sp.YH4分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS的耐盐性及结构特征。方法 明胶底物酶谱法分析EYHS的耐盐性。应用生物信息学手段对EYHS及6种耐盐的S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶结构特征进行分析。结果 EYHS在4 mol/L的NaCl溶液中仍具有活性，属于耐盐蛋白酶。EYHS及6种S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶分子表面的loop区等无规则卷曲所占比例较高，α-螺旋与β-片层则主要位于酶分子内部。EYHS分子表面酸性氨基酸含量较高，且具有弱疏水内核。多序列比对发现蛋白酶的催化三联体两侧存在高度保守的基序和保守的极性氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸，并存在多个保守的Gly与Ala。同源模建和表面电荷分布显示，α螺旋和β片层围成了蛋白酶的催化腔，EYHS活性中心包含由Asp32、His65与Ser215组成的催化三联体，且催化位点区域表面静电势为负。结论 上述结构特征可能有助于耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS在高盐环境下维持其稳定性和适度柔性，并有助于其催化功能的发挥，为深入研究耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶的高盐环境适应性提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

Simulating cross-sectional geometry of the main channel in response to changes in water and sediment in Lower Yellow River     

Wang  Yanjun  Wu  Baosheng  Zhong  Deyu 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2033-2052

Journal of Geographical Sciences - To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes, it is essential to (i) accurately identify how past...  相似文献   

An overview of clustering methods for geo-referenced time series: from one-way clustering to co- and tri-clustering     

Xiaojing Wu  Raul Zurita-Milla  Changqing Song 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(9):1822-1848

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基于GIS分析法识别城区水安全敏感区研究     

熊凡轶  吴星杰 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):92-96,101

近年来,随着海绵城市建设的推进,我国学者对于城市雨洪管理方面的研究日益加深。然而海绵城市的建设相关问题也日益凸显,首要问题就是对于城区大范围积水分析、水安全分析等技术相对薄弱,使得大范围海绵城市的建设流于形式。以宜良县建成区为例,查阅相关文献并对积水点实际调研。借助ArcGIS工具的强大功能对城区的各项指标进行综合分析,得出宜良县建成区水安全敏感区分布图,从而使得海绵城市建设可以根据各区域水安全敏感情况制定不同策略,对今后海绵城市的建设具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Risk evaluation of dam-break environmental impacts based on the set pair analysis and cloud model     

Ge  Wei  Li  Zongkun  Li  Wei  Wu  Meimei  Li  Juanjuan  Pan  Yipeng 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(2):1641-1653

Natural Hazards - Many dams have been constructed around the world. Compared with the potential losses of life and economy, the environmental impacts caused by dam breach were less analyzed. As a...  相似文献   

Risk assessment through multivariate analysis on the magnitude and occurrence date of daily storm events in the Shenzhen bay area     

Jing-Cheng Han  Yang Zhou  Yuefei Huang  Xiaofeng Wu  Zhe Liu  Yongqiang Wang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2020,34(5):669-689

Multivariate storm frequency modeling would help to gain improved understanding of complex storm process, and provide useful information for regulating flooding risk. In this paper, the dependency...  相似文献