末次冰消期（1.9万年）以来冲绳海槽中部黏土矿物来源及其环境响应          下载免费PDF全文

田旭  胡邦琦  王飞飞  黄威  丁雪  宋维宇  徐方建 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1501-1511

基于采自冲绳海槽中部的CS2站柱状沉积物黏土矿物和AMS¹⁴C年代分析，探讨了末次冰消期以来冲绳海槽中部黏土矿物的物质来源及其环境指示意义。结果显示，CS2站黏土矿物以伊利石为主，其次为绿泥石，高岭石和蒙脱石含量较少。根据黏土矿物分布趋势变化，CS2站柱状沉积物可划分为3个阶段：阶段（I 19~12 ka BP）和阶段Ⅱ （12~8 ka BP）期间沉积物主要来源于长江，台湾和黄河物质也有一定影响，其物质来源主要受海平面升降的控制；阶段Ⅲ（8~0 ka BP）主要来源于长江和台湾，黄河贡献有限，主要受黑潮演化的影响。CS2站（蒙脱石+高岭石） （/伊利石+绿泥石）比值可以作为东亚季风演化的矿物学指标，指标变化显示出东亚冬季风强度相对夏季风的强度在16.4~14.8 ka BP和12.8~11.6 ka BP期间有两次显著的加强，指示当时气候相对寒冷干燥，结果可以与格陵兰冰心δ¹⁸O和三宝洞δ¹⁸O记录等很好对比。  相似文献   

Conversion relationship of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater in Quaternary thick cohesive soil in Jianghan Plain,Hubei Province,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472

The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas.  相似文献   

基于波形特征的露天钼矿微震事件的识别分析——以卓资山钼矿为例     

赵艳红  包金哲  王树波  翟浩  魏建民  杨智升  张晖  赵铁锁  苏日亚  王磊  王鑫  贾昕晔  刘芳 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):662-676

基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果，采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料，提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生；爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点，包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态；小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡，是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成，波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成；机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点；运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件，另一类只包含车辆运输事件。  相似文献   

地中海直布罗陀海峡附近内孤立波的地球物理特征          下载免费PDF全文

孙绍箐  张锟  宋海斌 《地球物理学报》2019,62(7):2622-2632

本文主要利用地震海洋学方法研究地中海直布罗陀海峡附近内孤立波的结构特征，此处内孤立波为第一模态下沉型，为中幅度和大幅度内孤立波，垂向振幅最大可达74.5 m，振幅随深度增加呈增大趋势，传播速度随振幅增大而增大，可以确定"真"最大振幅位置位于密跃层附近.由于类多普勒效应和孤立波与测量船之间存在夹角的原因，从地震剖面上得到的为视半高宽参数，需要进行校正后才能得到比较真实的半高宽参数，校正后半高宽最高可达到1721.8 m，但是校正后的半高宽与理论结果有些差距，这可能与内孤立波的发育稳定程度有关.随着内孤立波包不断向东运动，整体波宽变大，垂向速度变小.本文将地震海洋学方法拓展应用于地中海区域内孤立波分析，进一步证明了利用地震海洋学方法研究海水运动的可行性.  相似文献   

1960-2015年青海三江源地区降水时空特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘晓琼  吴泽洲  刘彦随  赵新正  芮旸  张健 《地理学报》2019,74(9):1803-1820

青海三江源地区是中国生态系统最为敏感和脆弱的地区,其降水特别是生长季降水的波动,是影响本区及江河中下游水资源安全、生态系统可持续发展的关键因素。综合线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、BG分割算法、R/S、EEMD等多方法细致辨识了1960-2015年研究区降水量序列的时空特征。结果显示：① 三江源降水量总体呈现弱增趋势,21世纪以来降水量显著增加,各子源区气候倾向率不尽相同;② 年、季降水量自东南向西北递减,澜沧江源区夏季降水和黄河源区秋季降水呈弱减趋势,雨量弱减区在空间上呈斑块状分布;③ 年、季降水量年代际变化和增湿率的空间差异较明显,春夏季降水气候倾向率与经纬度、海拔的复相关性显著高于冬季;④ 20世纪90年代中后期,各子源区降水总体显现增强信号,并于2002年前后发生突变;⑤ 年际和低值年代际显著周期是造成降水量变动的主要因素;⑥ 除澜沧江源区夏季降水趋于减少外,其他年、季降水量变化呈现增幅不一的转湿趋势;⑦ 横向比较各子源区可见,长江源区降水变化更能表征高原气候变化。研究结果显示,研究区降水时空序列变化具有明显的区域和季节差异性特征,与以往类似研究存在些许差异,可见为有效提高气候序列演变过程及突变诊断的准确性,仍需进一步融合多方法实施集成分析。  相似文献   

贵州苗匡热矿水地热区水化学特征及热储条件分析     

杨晓飞 《地质与勘探》2020,56(1):94-101

贵州苗匡热矿水地热区大地构造位于江南复合造山黔南坳陷铜仁复式褶皱变形带,区域构造为红石古断裂带与苗匡断裂交汇锐角区,区内出露的地层有前南华系板溪群、南华系、震旦系、寒武系;热矿水水化学类型为HCO_3-Na型,含高氟、锶、锂、偏硅酸;弱碱性水;呈带状中低温热储;区域大地热流供给热量;地下热矿水补给为构造破碎带深远程补给;区域性红石活动断裂带具有导热导水储水性,热矿水被温差、压力差等驱动循环运移至断裂破碎带富集,苗匡次级断裂带在该热储起到连通传导作用;热矿水井口温度45℃,出水量560 m~3/d。研究结果可对该区热矿水勘查开发及利用提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

延迟交联凝胶研制及其在广西某铀矿堵漏应用          下载免费PDF全文

熊正强  陶士先  刘俊辉  李晓东  薛倩冰 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):140-144

针对地质钻探小井眼条件下失返性漏失堵漏技术难题，开展了适用于地质钻探堵漏要求的聚合物交联凝胶研究。采用单因素优选法，优选了交联凝胶体系用各种处理剂，并以环保型植物胶GJ为成胶剂，加入交联控制剂N1及交联剂1号等组分，研制了一种延迟交联凝胶。该凝胶在广西某铀矿勘查ZK6-37-1孔堵漏成功应用，解决了2个孔段失返性漏失问题。研究结果表明，该凝胶具有交联时间可控(交联时间10～75 min)以及较高的凝胶强度（承压≥6 MPa），在解决失返性漏失方面具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

Effect of Shale Reservoir Characteristics on Shale Oil Movability in the Lower Third Member of the Shahejie Formation,Zhanhua Sag     

NING Chuanxiang  MA Zhongliang  JIANG Zhenxue  SU Siyuan  LI Tingwei  ZHENG Lunju  WANG Guozhen  LI Fengxun 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):352-363

To reveal the effect of shale reservoir characteristics on the movability of shale oil and its action mechanism in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation(Es3l), samples with different features were selected and analyzed using N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), high-speed centrifugation, and displacement image techniques. The results show that shale pore structure characteristics control shale oil movability directly. Movable oil saturation has a positive relationship with pore volume for radius > 2 μm, as larger pores often have higher movable oil saturation, indicating that movable oil is present in relatively larger pores. The main reasons for this are as follows. The relatively smaller pores often have oil-wetting properties because of organic matter, which has an unfavorable effect on the flow of oil, while the relatively larger pores are often wetted by water, which is helpful to shale oil movability. The rich surface provided by the relatively smaller pores is beneficial to the adsorption of immovable oil. Meanwhile, the relatively larger pores create significant pore volume for movable oil. Moreover, the larger pores often have good pore connectivity. Pores and fractures are interconnected to form a complex fracture network, which provides a good permeability channel for shale oil flow. The smaller pores are mostly distributed separately;thus, they are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The mineral composition and fabric macroscopically affect the movability of shale oil. Calcite plays an active role in shale oil movability by increasing the brittleness of shale and is more likely to form micro-cracks under the same stress background. Clay does not utilize shale oil flow because of its large specific surface area and its block effect. The bedding structure increases the large-scale storage space and improves the connectivity of pores at different scales, which is conducive to the movability of shale oil.  相似文献   

Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi’an City as an example in China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):124-136

Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources, and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city. It is also very important to improve the city environment, build livable city and increase the capacity of the city. Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems, a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed, to be primarily used in urban planning stages. A list of the adverse factors is established, including limiting factors, constraining factors and influencing factors. Taking Xi’an as an example, using a geographical information system platform, a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi’ an City are evaluated, and preventive measures are proposed. Natural resources, exploitable resources, and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated. Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city, collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources, environmental impact and assessment, as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.  相似文献   

陕西黑河流域地下水水化学特征     

王晓艳 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):168-176

2017年在秦岭黑河流域7个采样点进行地下水样品采集。通过综合分析、Gibbs图、Piper三角图、主要离子比值法、主成分分析法得出黑河地下水化学成分的特点、水化学类型及其成因。结果表明：阳离子的主要组成成分是Ca²⁺，HCO₃^-是阴离子的主要组成成分，黑河流域地下水化学类型为HCO₃^-- Ca²⁺和SO₄^2--HCO₃^--Ca²⁺型。Gibbs图分析得出该地下水化学离子组成受岩石风化作用控制；Piper三角图、主要离子比值法、主成分分析及相关分析表明，地下水化学组分主要受方解石、白云岩等碳酸盐岩矿物的风化溶解，同时伴有硫酸溶解碳酸盐岩，受硅酸盐岩的溶解控制作用较小。  相似文献