硼的地球化学性质及其在俯冲带的循环与成矿初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

林秋婷  陈晨  刘海洋 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):5-12

硼是广泛应用于化工、农业、材料科学及核工业领域的重要元素。硼与氢的核聚变反应是未来具备运用潜力的清洁能源。硼作为典型的亲石元素,是高度不相容元素。硼元素容易富集于蚀变洋壳及蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩中。而在板块俯冲过程中,由于硼具有强的流体活动性,会优先赋存于流体中。因此,当蛇纹石化的大洋岩石圈及覆于其上的沉积物在俯冲过程中发生脱水,这使得弧前地幔楔发生大规模的蛇纹石化。此时大量硼元素很可能随俯冲流体释放并封存于弧前地幔楔中。目前已发现的超大型硼矿床主要位于聚合型板块边缘,尤其土耳其拥有世界上最大的硼酸盐储量。我们推测这些矿床的形成基础条件之一可能与弧前高度蛇纹石化的地幔楔有关。尤其是在洋 陆俯冲环境,弧前蛇纹岩或蛇绿混杂岩首先通过俯冲侵蚀再循环到火山弧岩浆中,使得岩浆更富集硼。随后弧火山喷发大量富硼的火山岩、岩浆热液及水气。在岩浆冷却过程中,硼元素析出、沉淀于火山表面,并伴随风化、侵蚀过程汇聚至碰撞造山带的封闭湖盆之中。此外,干冷的气候条件下也进一步促进了硼的成矿。我国具有形成大型、超大型硼矿的地质条件,应加大研究及探勘力度,并适当购买硼作为战略储备。  相似文献   

Controls on surface water chemistry in two lake‐watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York: differences in nitrogen solute sources and sinks     

Mari Ito  Myron J. Mitchell  Charles T. Driscoll  Robert M. Newton  Chris E. Johnson  Karen M. Roy 《水文研究》2007,21(10):1249-1264

The southwestern Adirondack region of New York receives among the highest rates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in the USA. Atmospheric N deposition to sensitive ecosystems, like the Adirondacks, may increase the acidification of soils through losses of exchangeable nutrient cations, and the acidification of surface waters associated with enhanced mobility of nitrate (NO₃^?). However, watershed attributes, including surficial terrestrial characteristics, in‐lake processing, and geological settings, have been found to complicate the relationships between atmospheric N deposition and N drainage losses. We studied two lake‐watersheds in the southwestern Adirondacks, Grass Pond and Constable Pond, which are located in close proximity (～26 km) and receive similarly high N deposition, but have contrasting watershed attributes (e.g. wetland area, geological settings). Since the difference in the influence of N deposition was minimal, we were able to examine both within‐ and between‐watershed influences of land cover, the contribution of glacial till groundwater inputs, and in‐lake processes on surface water chemistry with particular emphasis on N solutes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Monthly samples at seven inlets and one outlet of each lake were collected from May to October in 1999 and 2000. The concentrations of NO₃^? were high at the Grass Pond inlets, especially at two inlets, and NO₃^? was the major N solute at the Grass Pond inlets. The concentrations of likely weathering products (i.e. dissolved Si, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺) as well as acid neutralizing capacity and pH values, were also particularly high at those two Grass Pond inlets, suggesting a large contribution of groundwater inputs. Dissolved organic N (DON) was the major N solute at the Constable Pond inlets. The higher concentrations of DON and DOC at the Constable Pond inlets were attributed to a large wetland area in the watershed. The DOC/DON ratios were also higher at the Constable Pond inlets, possibly due to a larger proportion of coniferous forest area. Although DON and DOC were strongly related, the stronger relationship of the proportion of wetland area with DOC suggests that additional factors regulate DON. The aggregated representation of watershed physical features (i.e. elevation, watershed area, mean topographic index, hypsometric‐analysis index) was not clearly related to the lake N and DOC chemistry. Despite distinctive differences in inlet N chemistry, NO₃^? and DON concentrations at the outlets of the two lakes were similar. The lower DOC/DON ratios at the lake outlets and at the inlets having upstream ponds suggest the importance of N processing and organic N sources within the lakes. Although an inverse relationship between NO₃^? and DOC/DON has been suggested to be indicative of a N deposition gradient, the existence of this relationship for sites that receive similar atmospheric N deposition suggest that the relationship between NO₃^? and the DOC/DON ratio is derived from environmental and physical factors. Our results suggest that, despite similar wet N deposition at the two watershed sites, N solutes entering lakes were strongly affected by hydrology associated with groundwater contribution and the presence of wetlands, whereas N solutes leaving lakes were strongly influenced by in‐lake processing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

硼酸盐化学(XXXV): MgO·3B2O3-18%MgSO4-H2O过饱和溶液0℃结晶动力学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

苟国敬  高世扬  夏树屏  朱黎霞 《盐湖研究》2003,11(1):52-58

首次研究了MgO·3B2 O3 1 8%MgSO4 H2 O过饱和溶液 0℃结晶动力学过程 ,得到三方硼镁石和章氏硼镁石两种固相及其结晶动力学方程。从多聚硼氧配阴离子多粒子共存的角度提出结晶反应机制 ,分析了制约硼酸镁盐析出的因素及不同电解质 (MgCl2 和MgSO4)对硼酸镁盐结晶过程的影响。  相似文献   

MgO.1.5B2O3-18%MgCl2-H2O过饱和溶液0°C的结晶动力学研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘兴起  张辉 《盐湖研究》2000,8(2)

配制MgO·1.5B2 O3- 18%MgCl2 -H2 O过饱和溶液在 0°C恒温静止 ,对该过饱和溶液结晶析出多水硼镁石 (2MgO·3B2 O3·15H2 O)的动力学过程进行了研究。结晶诱导期较长 ,晶体生长缓慢 ,结晶达平衡需要较长时间。探讨了析出固相的结晶反应机理和硼在溶液中的存在形式 ,并拟合给出结晶动力学方程  相似文献   

硼酸铝晶须熔块中回收硫酸钾实验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

白延峰  高世扬  夏树屏 《盐湖研究》1999,7(3):42-44

采用硼酸和无水明矾及硫酸钾压块、焙烧、制备硼酸铝熔块。将浸取溶液进行二次蒸发并结晶,硫酸钾回收率大于９５％ ,纯度为９９．９３％ ,表明明矾中硫酸钾能得到充分利用。  相似文献   

硼酸盐晶体结构与性能关系的价键理论研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘瑞元  卿德林  彭亮  李永寿 《盐湖研究》2012,20(3):68-72

硼酸盐晶体结构类型多样,物理和化学性质优良,在国民经济的许多部门应用广泛。随着人们对晶体认识的深入,晶体结构与性能关系的重要性愈加明显。量子化学计算在晶体研究中有重要的地位,但化学键分析方法简便,能定量表述晶体结构与性能关系,特别是在复杂体系研究中有其优势。简述了复杂体系的化学键介电理论,分析了硼酸盐晶体结构与性质关系的研究方法,展望了硼酸盐晶体的价键理论研究前景。  相似文献   

离子色谱法检测土壤样品水溶态中的七种阴离子   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李庆霞  刘亚轩  陈卫明  肖细炼  张勤 《物探与化探》2012,36(3):418-421

采用离子色谱法测定土壤样品水溶态中的F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、SO4^2-、Br^-、NO3^-、PO4^3-。通过优化提取条件,得出最优条件下7种阴离子的加标回收率为94.4%～102.5%,精密度为3.1%～4.6%。对实际样品进行测试,结果表明,该方法适用于土壤样品水溶态中7种阴离子的定性、定量分析。  相似文献   

盐卤硼酸盐化学XXVLi2O—B2O3—H2O过饱和溶液20℃结晶动力学研究          下载免费PDF全文

姚占力  高世扬 《盐湖研究》1995,3(4):44-49

Ｌｉ２Ｏ·３Ｂ２Ｏ３—Ｈ２Ｏ及Ｌｉ２Ｏ·４Ｂ２Ｏ３—Ｈ２Ｏ）过饱和溶液２０℃结晶过程均只有一个阶段。前者结晶析出Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·３Ｈ２Ｏ，后者结晶析出ＬｉＢ５Ｏ８·５Ｈ２Ｏ。本文探讨了这两种固相的结晶机理并拟合出结晶动力学方程，结果表明两个结晶过程均受控于单核表面反应。  相似文献   

太湖流域降雨和湖水酸根阴离子长期变化及其环境意义     

赵健  代丹  王瑞  郝晨林  何成达  于涛 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):88-98

为揭示太湖流域降雨和湖水酸根阴离子长期变化特征及环境意义,通过历史数据收集和采样分析,对太湖流域降雨和湖水中的SO₄^2-、NO₃^-变化特征和来源进行了研究.结果表明：自1990s以来太湖流域降雨中SO₄^2-呈显著下降趋势,年平均下降率为0.28 mg/（L·a）;NO₃^-浓度却呈显著上升趋势,年平均增长率为0.05 mg/（L·a）,降雨中氮污染呈现加重的趋势.与之相反,湖水中SO₄^2-呈显著上升趋势,年平均增长率为1.24 mg/（L·a）;NO₃^-浓度却呈显著下降趋势,年平均下降率为0.02 mg/（L·a）.30年以来,太湖水体SO₄^2-/NO₃^-比值不断升高,远高于降水SO₄^2-/NO₃^-比值.研究认为：流域SO₂排放引起的酸沉降是湖水SO₄^2-浓度增长的最重要原因,但氮氧化物排放并未引起湖水NO₃^-浓度升高,说明太湖流域对大气沉降的氮氧化物有滞留作用,而太湖水体是流域大气沉降硫酸盐的重要汇.综合治理太湖流域酸性物质排放对防止太湖水体酸化和治理富营养化都具有重要意义.  相似文献   

水体中主要阴离子及pH值对双氯芬酸液相色谱定量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵悦  秦晓鹏  刘菲 《岩矿测试》2018,37(1):79-86

双氯芬酸(DCF)是一种常用的非甾体消炎药,随着生产量和使用量的不断增大,其在环境中被频繁检出。DCF能在生物体内富集,对生物具有潜在毒性,已经引起了广大学者的关注。DCF的准确定量是开展其相关研究的基础,在应用液相色谱测试DCF的过程中,通常通过前处理消除样品基质干扰,但关于基质如何干扰DCF测量并没有详细研究。为了满足野外及实验室测试需要,本文针对高效液相色谱-紫外检测DCF过程中,水体中常见的阴离子SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-和NO_3~-,液相色谱流动相组成和水样pH对DCF准确定量的影响展开研究。结果表明:(1)SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-对DCF的最大吸收波长(277 nm)没有影响,但是NO_3~-的存在会使DCF的最大吸收峰发生偏移,产生红移现象,并且使吸光度略微增大;(2)同等条件下,在酸性介质(pH5)中DCF的定量结果比在碱性介质中的低。与碱性介质(pH=7.26)中DCF的峰面积相比,样品在pH=2.01的酸性介质中测得的峰面积减少73.14%,因此在碱性条件下DCF定量更为准确。  相似文献