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Positioning fisheries in a changing world 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
R. Quentin Grafton Ray Hilborn Lori Ridgeway Dale Squires Meryl Williams Serge Garcia Theodore Groves James Joseph Kieran Kelleher Tom Kompas Gary Libecap Carl Gustaf Lundin Mitsutaku Makino Thorolfur Matthiasson Richard McLoughlin Ana Parma Gustavo San Martin Ben Satia Carl-Christian Schmidt Maree Tait Lin Xiu Zhang 《Marine Policy》2008,32(4):630-634
Marine capture fisheries face major and complex challenges: habitat degradation, poor economic returns, social hardships from depleted stocks, illegal fishing, and climate change, among others. The key factors that prevent the transition to sustainable fisheries are information failures, transition costs, use and non-use conflicts and capacity constraints. Using the experiences of fisheries successes and failures it is argued only through better governance and institutional change that encompasses the public good of the oceans (biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, sustainability) and societal values (existence, aesthetic and amenity) will fisheries be made sustainable. 相似文献
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Meryl Waugh M. J. Drinkwater R. L. Webster L. Staveley-Smith V. A. Kilborn D. G. Barnes R. Bhathal W. J. G. de Blok P. J. Boyce M. J. Disney R. D. Ekers K. C. Freeman B. K. Gibson P. A. Henning H. Jerjen P. M. Knezek B. Koribalski M. Marquarding R. F. Minchin R. M. Price M. E. Putman † S. D. Ryder E. M. Sadler F. Stootman M. A. Zwaan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(2):641-656
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The Gamtoos is a shallow flood-tidal estuary located on the south coast of South Africa. Even though it has an extensive catchment area, dams limit runoff and mean freshwater inflow is estimated at less than 1 m3 s?1, and the flood tidal deltas constrict and at times even close the mouth. The results presented here derive from an intensive measurement program carried out over a 3-wk period at the end of 1992, immediately after good rains in the Gamtoos catchment region. Freshwater inflow increased to more than 10 m3 s?1, driving the salt wedge downstream and resulting in intense haloclines in the mid-estuary region. The program monitored the return to more average estuarine structures, and even though tidal exchange was restricted, marked differences occurred in stratification at neap and spring tides; tidal exchanges provided the dominant mixing forces. It is found that the shallower upper reaches of the estuary are flushed with relatively small increases in freshwater inflow, though a balance exists with the tidal exchanges through the constricted mouth. The variation in the position of the salt wedge and in the salinity stratification can have substantial implications for biota. 相似文献
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National contributions to climate change mitigation from agriculture: allocating a global target 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Globally, agriculture and related land use change contributed about 17% of the world’s anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2010 (8.4 GtCO2e yr?1), making GHG mitigation in the agriculture sector critical to meeting the Paris Agreement’s 2°C goal. This article proposes a range of country-level targets for mitigation of agricultural emissions by allocating a global target according to five approaches to effort-sharing for climate change mitigation: responsibility, capability, equality, responsibility-capability-need and equal cumulative per capita emissions. Allocating mitigation targets according to responsibility for total historical emissions or capability to mitigate assigned large targets for agricultural emission reductions to North America, Europe and China. Targets based on responsibility for historical agricultural emissions resulted in a relatively even distribution of targets among countries and regions. Meanwhile, targets based on equal future agricultural emissions per capita or equal per capita cumulative emissions assigned very large mitigation targets to countries with large agricultural economies, while allowing some densely populated countries to increase agricultural emissions. There is no single ‘correct’ framework for allocating a global mitigation goal. Instead, using these approaches as a set provides a transparent, scientific basis for countries to inform and help assess the significance of their commitments to reducing emissions from the agriculture sector.Key policy insights
Meeting the Paris Agreement 2°C goal will require global mitigation of agricultural non-CO2 emissions of approximately 1 GtCO2e yr?1 by 2030.
Allocating this 1 GtCO2e yr?1 according to various effort-sharing approaches, it is found that countries will need to mitigate agricultural business-as-usual emissions in 2030 by a median of 10%. Targets vary widely with criteria used for allocation.
The targets calculated here are in line with the ambition of the few countries (primarily in Africa) that included mitigation targets for the agriculture sector in their (Intended) Nationally Determined Contributions.
For agriculture to contribute to meeting the 2°C or 1.5°C targets, countries will need to be ambitious in pursuing emission reductions. Technology development and transfer will be particularly important.
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V. Ernesto Méndez Christopher M. Bacon Meryl Olson Katlyn S. Morris Annie Shattuck 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):357-376
We used households as the primary unit of analysis to synthesize agrobiodiversity research in small-scale coffee farms and cooperatives of Nicaragua and El Salvador. Surveys, focus groups, and plant inventories were used to analyze agrobiodiversity and its contribution to livelihoods. Households managed high levels of agrobiodiversity, including 100 shade tree and epiphyte species, food crops, and medicinals. Small farms contained higher levels of agrobiodiversity than larger, collectively managed cooperatives. Households benefited from agrobiodiversity through consumption and sales. To better support agrobiodiversity conservation, our analysis calls for a hybrid approach integrating bottom-up initiatives with the resources from top-down projects. 相似文献
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A lesson from cyclone Larry: An untold story of the success of good coastal planning 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Meryl J. Williams Robert Coles Jurgenne H. Primavera 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):364-367
When tropical cyclone Larry crossed the Queensland coast on 20 March 2006, commercial, recreational and naval vessels in the port of Cairns, 60 km north of the eye of the cyclone and others closer to the eye, were protected from the destructive winds by sheltering in deep mangrove creeks in Trinity Inlet and off other coastal rivers. The Trinity Inlet mangroves are protected under the comprehensive multi-use Trinity Inlet Management Plan, agreed by the local and state government agencies (Cairns City Council, the Cairns Port Authority and the Queensland Government). Using this Australian example and one from the town of Palompon in Leyte province, central Philippines, we show how long-term mangrove habitat protection resulting from well-conceived coastal planning can deliver important economic and infrastructure benefits. 相似文献
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