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夏蘩 《高原山地气象研究》2020,40(4):22-29
利用FNL再分析资料和中尺度数值模式输出的高分辨率资料,分析了2016年6月30日~7月1日发生在重庆的一次低涡暴雨过程的环流背景、水汽输送特征和收支状况、云物理降水机制。结果表明:受500hPa短波槽和700hPa低涡共同影响,以及孟加拉湾和南海的暖湿气流持续输送,为此次低涡暴雨的发生、发展提供了有利的条件;南边界的水汽输入通量对整个暴雨过程中水汽的贡献最大,东边界次之。另外,降水发展不同区域不同时段,云物理降水机制都存在显著差异。渝西降水前期和后期,均为混合相降水;渝东北降水前期云系以冷云为主,后期以暖云降水为主。 相似文献
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This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest. 相似文献
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云中冰雪晶、大云滴浓度是云微物理特征的主要参数,它不仅对研究自然降水过程有重要作用,而且是进行人工催化增雨的重要依据。 在冰雪晶、大云滴浓度的各种测量方法中,以金属箔取样技术较简单,也较可靠。国外从五十年代使用至今。国内从1963年开始,沿用到现在,仍不失为飞机上观测冰雪晶、大云滴浓度的主要方法之一。 由于取样器形状、安装部位、金属箔厚度、取样云状、取样部位不同,获得的资料相互比较时必须谨慎,不能简单地将各地计算浓度大小进行比较后就轻 相似文献
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用改进的一维时变参数化模式计算了浓积云自然发展和盐粉催化过程.在不同的地面温度条件下积云的动力过程和自然雨量有显著差异,其催化效果也不同.一般的自然降水浓积云,其动力过程演变较快,雨量较小,催化增雨量则较大,可达50%以上.动力过程长期维持的自然降水云,雨量较大,而催化增雨量较小,个别情况下催化后雨量稍减.自然不降水的浓积云催化后可能产生降水.它们的动力过程越稳定,催化后的雨量越大.文中还讨论了增雨机制,对盐粉的最佳粒度、剂量、播撒时机和部位也作了一些数值试验. 相似文献
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采用伽玛分布形式的雨滴谱表达式,讨论了下沉气流W对Z-I关系的影响。发现随着W(向下为正)增大,关系式Z=AI^b中系数A值减小,b值增大。利用地面实测雨滴谱资料计算出不同下沉气流下Z、I后回归得到的A、b值,以及根据由平均谱拟合得到的伽玛分布参数计算出A、b值,它们随W改变的变化趋势,均与理论分析结果一致。还讨论了环境气压场p对Z-I关系的作用,气压减小时,A值减小,b值增大,但变化不如W影响时的变化影响。此外,结合实测雨滴谱资料,分析了雨滴平均谱特征以及相关物理量的演变过程。 相似文献
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