The Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources in the West: Introduction and Overview     

Tim Barnett  Robert Malone  William Pennell  Detlet Stammer  Bert Semtner  Warren Washington 《Climatic change》2004,62(1-3):1-11

The results of an experimental `end to end' assessment of the effects of climate change on water resources in the western United States are described. The assessment focuses on the potential effects of climate change over the first half of the 21st century on the Columbia, Sacramento/San Joaquin, and Colorado river basins. The paper describes the methodology used for the assessment, and it summarizes the principal findings of the study. The strengths and weaknesses of this study are discussed, and suggestions are made for improving future climate change assessments.  相似文献   

Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Bert Rudels  E. Peter Jones  Ursula Schauer  Patrick Eriksson 《Polar research》2004,23(2):181-208

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Конференция по метеорологии карпатской области     

František Rein 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1960,4(2):200-201

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Using satellite remote sensing to survey transport-related urban sustainability: Part 1: Methodologies for indicator quantification     

Ying Zhang  Bert Guindon 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006

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Preface: GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary-layer Study (GABLS) on Stable Boundary Layers     

Bert Holtslag 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(2):243-246

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Holographic interferometry study of the dissolution and diffusion of gypsum in water     

Jean Colombani  Jacques Bert 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(8):1913-1920

We have performed holographic interferometry measurements of the dissolution of the (0 1 0) plane of a cleaved gypsum single crystal in pure water. These experiments have provided the value of the dissolution rate constant k of gypsum in water and the value of the interdiffusion coefficient D of its aqueous species in water. D is 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ m² s⁻¹, a value close to the theoretical value generally used in dissolution studies. k is 4 × 10⁻⁵ mol m⁻² s⁻¹. It directly characterizes the microscopic transfer rate at the solid-liquid interface, and is not an averaged value deduced from quantities measured far from the surface as in macroscopic dissolution experiments. It is found to be two times lower than the value obtained from macroscopic experiments.  相似文献   

The Temaguessine Fe-cordierite orbicular granite (Central Hoggar, Algeria): U–Pb SHRIMP age, petrology, origin and geodynamical consequences for the late Pan-African magmatism of the Tuareg shield     

Nachida Abdallah  Jean-Paul Ligeois  Bert De Waele  Nassima Fezaa  Aziouz Ouabadi 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2007,49(4-5):153-178

The Temaguessine high-level subcircular pluton is intrusive into the LATEA metacraton (Central Hoggar) Eburnian (2 Ga) basement and in the Pan-African (615 Ma) granitic batholiths along a major NW–SE oriented major shear zone. It is dated here (SHRIMP U–Pb on zircon) at 582 ± 5 Ma. Composed of amphibole–biotite granite and biotite syenogranite, it comprises abundant enclaves: mafic magmatic enclaves, country-rock xenoliths and remarkable Fe-cordierite (#Fe = 0.87) orbicules. The orbicules have a core rich in cordierite (40%) and a leucocratic quartz–feldspar rim. They are interpreted as resulting from the incongruent melting of the meta-wacke xenoliths collapsed into the magma: the breakdown of the biotite + quartz assemblage produced the cordierite and a quartz–feldspar minimum melt that is expelled, forming the leucocratic rim. The orbicule generation occurred at T < 850° and P < 0.3 GPa. The Fe-rich character of the cordierite resulted from the Fe-rich protolith (wacke with 4% Fe₂O₃ for 72% SiO₂). Strongly negative ε_Nd (−9.6 to −11.2), Nd T_DM model ages between 1.64 and 1.92 Ga, inherited zircons between 1.76 and 2.04 Ga and low to moderately high I_Sr (0.704–0.710) indicate a Rb-depleted lower continental crust source for the Temaguessine pluton; regional considerations impose however also the participation of asthenospheric material. The Temaguessine pluton, together with other high-level subcircular pluton, is considered as marking the end of the Pan-African magma generation in the LATEA metacraton, resulting from the linear delamination along mega-shear zones, allowing asthenospheric uprise and melting of the lower continental crust. This implies that the younger Taourirt granitic province (535–520 Ma) should be considered as a Cambrian intraplate anorogenic event and not as a very late Pan-African event.  相似文献   

Geochemistry, Geochronology and Isotopic Evolution of the Chewore-Rufunsa Terrane, Southern Irumide Belt: a Mesoproterozoic Continental Margin Arc   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johnson  Simon P.; de Waele  Bert; Tembo  Francis; Katongo  Crispin; Tani  Kenichiro; Chang  Qing; Iizuka  Tsuyoshi; Dunkley  Daniel 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(7):1411-1441

The southern Irumide Belt (SIB) is an ENE–WSW-trending,late Mesoproterozoic orogenic belt located between the Congo–Tanzania–Bangweulu(CTB) and Kalahari cratons in central southern Africa. It isseparated from the late Mesoproterozoic Irumide Belt (IB) tothe north by Permo-Triassic graben, raising the possibilitythat the younger rifts reactivated a suture between the twobelts that has been rendered cryptic as a result of youngerKaroo cover. Both belts are dominated by calc-alkaline gneisses,but in addition the SIB contains abundant metavolcanic and metasedimentaryrocks. In this study we present detailed geochemical, isotopicand geochronological data for volcanic and plutonic lithologiesfrom the southernmost part of the SIB, the Chewore–RufunsaTerrane. This terrane comprises a wide variety of supracrustalto mid-crustal rocks that have major- and trace-element compositionssimilar to magmas formed in present-day subduction zones. Chondrite-normalizedrare earth element (REE) profiles and whole-rock Sm–Ndisotope compositions indicate that the parental supra-subductionmelts interacted with, and were contaminated by sialic continentalcrust, implying a continental-margin-arc setting. Secondaryionization mass spectrometry dating of magmatic zircon has yieldedcrystallization ages between c. 1095 and 1040 Ma, similar toelsewhere in the SIB. U–Pb dating and in situ Lu–Hfisotopic analyses of abundant xenocrystic zircon extracted fromthe late Mesoproterozoic granitoids indicate that the contaminantcontinental basement was principally Palaeoproterozoic in ageand had a juvenile isotopic signature at the time of its formation.These data are in contrast to those for the IB, which is characterizedby younger, c. 1020 Ma, calc-alkaline gneisses that formed bythe direct recycling of Archaean crust without significant additionof any juvenile material. We suggest that the SIB developedby the subduction of oceanic crust under the margin of an unnamedcontinental mass until ocean closure at c. 1040 Ma. Subsequentcollision between the SIB and the CTB margin led to the cessationof magmatism in the SIB and the initiation of compression andcrustal melting in the IB. KEY WORDS: geochemistry; Mesoproterozoic; SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating; Sm–Nd isotopes; Southern Irumide Belt  相似文献   

Der prägranitische Bau des Gneisgebirges im südlichen Schwarzwald und seine Ableitung aus dem Fremdgesteinsinhalt der hybriden Granite     

D. Hoenes  Dr. G. Rein 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1956,5(3):272-288

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Mechanism of solar-terrestrial relations and changes of atmospheric circulation     

Václav Bucha  Reviewer F. Rein  Reviewer J. Bochníček 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1977,21(3-4):350-360

Summary As a result of investigating the relations between the variations of geomagnetic activity and meteorological factors [1, 2] a mechanism of solar-terrestrial relationships and a model of the changes of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere are proposed; this provides an explanation of the causes of the fluctuation of the climate, of dry and cold periods and differing vegetation conditions in various years in dependence on the intensity of geomagnetic activity.  相似文献