Effects of water-borne copper on metallothionein and lipid peroxidation in the marine amphipod Gammarus locusta   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Correi AD  Livingstone DR  Costa MH 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):357-360

The aim of the current work was to determine over 10 days the effects of water-borne exposure of the marine amphipod Gammarus locusta to 4 microgCu l(-1) on the metallothionein (MT; measured by differential pulse polarography) protection system and lipid peroxidation (LP: thiobarbituric acid-reactive malondialdehyde equivalents) as a measure of oxidative damage. MT levels in exposed animals increased significantly at day 2 (36% > control; P < 0.001) and remained high at days 6 and 10 (55 and 38%, respectively, P < 0.001). The maximum level of MT at day 6 coincided with the highest Cu body-burden. LP increased within I day of exposure, indicative of Cu as an oxidative stressor. However, in contrast to MT, the highest LP level was seen at day 4 (68% > control, P < 0.001) before returning to control values by day 6, indicating a protective role of MT against the pro-oxidant effects of Cu.  相似文献   

Bioenhancement of cadmium transfer along a multi-level food chain     

Seebaugh DR  Goto D  Wallace WG 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(5):77-491

Previous studies have shown that metal partitioned to a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (TAM) is readily available to predators and may be enhanced by increased binding of metal to heat-stable proteins (HSP - e.g., metallothioneins). The aim of the current investigation was to determine the influence of TAM on the trophic transfer of Cd along an experimental, three-level food chain: Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp)-->Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp)-->Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog). P. pugio were fed for 7 days on A. franciscana exposed to Cd in solution (including (109)Cd as radiotracer) and subjected to subcellular fractionation or fed to F. heteroclitus. An HSP-driven increase in the percentage of Cd associated with TAM (TAM-Cd%) in A. franciscana exposed to 1 muM Cd resulted in a bioenhancement (i.e., a greater than linear increase with respect to A. franciscana exposure) of Cd trophic transfer to P. pugio. Increased dietary Cd exposure did not affect TAM-Cd% in P. pugio nor trophic transfer to F. heteroclitus.  相似文献   

Quantification of the effects of secondary matrix on the analysis of sandstone composition, and a petrographic-chemical technique for retrieving original framework grain modes of altered sandstones     

Cox R  Lowe DR 《Journal of sedimentary research. Section A, Sedimentary petrology and processes : an international journal of SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)》1996,66(3):548-558

Most studies of sandstone provenance involve modal analysis of framework grains using techniques that exclude the fine-grained breakdown products of labile mineral grains and rock fragments, usually termed secondary matrix or pseudomatrix. However, the data presented here demonstrate that, when the proportion of pseudomatrix in a sandstone exceeds 10%, standard petrographic analysis can lead to incorrect provenance interpretation. Petrographic schemes for provenance analysis such as QFL and QFR should not therefore be applied to sandstones containing more than 10% secondary matrix. Pseudomatrix is commonly abundant in sandstones, and this is therefore a problem for provenance analysis. The difficulty can be alleviated by the use of whole-rock chemistry in addition to petrographic analysis. Combination of chemical and point-count data permits the construction of normative compositions that approximate original framework grain compositions. Provenance analysis is also complicated in many cases by fundamental compositional alteration during weathering and transport. Many sandstones, particularly shallow marine deposits, have undergone vigorous reworking, which may destroy unstable mineral grains and rock fragments. In such cases it may not be possible to retrieve provenance information by either petrographic or chemical means. Because of this, pseudomatrix-rich sandstones should be routinely included in chemical-petrological provenance analysis. Because of the many factors, both pre- and post-depositional, that operate to increase the compositional maturity of sandstones, petrologic studies must include a complete inventory of matrix proportions, grain size and sorting parameters, and an assessment of depositional setting.  相似文献   

亏损太古代科马提岩中下地幔成分的氦同位素证据     

Rich.  DR 王登红 《地质科学译丛》1997,14(3):32-33

太古代的富镁科马提岩来自于热的推测为深部地幔的源区，但其痕量元素组成和放射性同位素组成类似于现代洋中脊玄武岩，后者起源于上地幔。对从两个太古代科马提岩和一个中元古代科马提岩中分离出来的新鲜橄榄石进行连续碎样，抽取Ｈｅ以分析其同位素组成，发现其变化在富“Ｈｅ的放射性成因端元和富＾３Ｈｅ端元之间可达３个以上数量级。  相似文献   

用快速仿真退火进行走时层析成像     

Velis  DR 郭爱缨 《物探化探译丛》1996,(A00):66-68

本文主要介绍一种与射线追踪无关的走时成像方法，使用一种非线性最优化算法，称为非常快速的仿真退火。利用立方Ｂ样条对地下地质体进行参数化，此网格在水平和垂直坐标是可变化的，这个灵活的网格可以容 等复杂程度的构造，并只用几个节点，我们试图求观测与预测走时之间的均言差进行极小化。时使用有限差分算法，不仅在样条节点位置上求速度，而且还求在每个维方向上的网格间距，由于在计算期间避免了局部极小，求出的解与初始模  相似文献   

基于光谱信息的遥感图像空间域自适应滤波   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吴传庆  赵永超  童庆禧  郑兰芬 《遥感学报》2004,8(1):51-55

遥感图像往往由于内外因素的干扰含有各种噪声 ,为提高图像质量人们对其进行滤波。常规的滤波方式完全基于图像空间域 ,在消除异常点使图像平滑的同时使边界变得不清楚从而使图像模糊 ;或者正相反 ,在边缘信息得到增强时也放大了图像噪声而使图像变得粗糙。该文的自适应滤波方法充分利用多光谱和高光谱遥感图像的光谱维信息 ,滤波时不仅要使均匀的地块得到平滑 ,而且要使地块间的边缘、局部的异常点、线仍然得到保存、在光滑的同时尽量保持原有的数值特征  相似文献   

湖北省凤凰关地区前寒武纪大另别杂岩内构造...     

霍普.  AM 鲍斯.  DR 《地球科学》1989,14(3):221-238

  相似文献   

应用GIS进行资源管理     

索勒  DR  刘聚海 《国土资源信息化》1992,(9):39-40

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利用形状函数解算体积     

Twig.  DR 薛艳丽 《测绘科技动态》1995,(2):37-45

在工程测量中，经常需要解算各种形状的物体体积。本文介绍了一种求解体积的数值算法，即用一个数学单元近似表述物体的形状，然后再通过数值积分解算体积。定义数学单元时，要求它们必须经过物体表面边界上预先定义的８个或者２０个结点。实现该算法的计算机程序只需要一个简单的数据文件，其中包括结点坐标和结点个数。文中还给出了几个典型问题的解算结果，其精度可精确到３％，较好地满足了限差要求。  相似文献   

通过对调查数据的趋势和多变量分析确定宏观场     

Vala.  DR 郑鹄 《山西地震》1993,(3):43-50

通过多变(相关分析)和趋势分析等统计方法对宏观调查数据进行了解释.这种方法使我们通过评定不同宏观效应叠加的程度、估计调查数据的不确定性更客观地评定烈度.通过滤波确定烈度场的区域分量,使我们消除观测中的局部变化.给出了选取适当滤波参数的准则.本文应用这一方法对发生在意大利的一次地震的调查数据进行了处理.  相似文献