太原市区土壤中多环芳烃污染特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘飞  刘应汉  王建武  聂海峰  傅珊  赵传冬  杨柯 《地学前缘》2008,15(5)

采用1个样/km2的密度,1个分析组合样/25km2的方法,对太原市区土壤中多环芳烃进行了调查。结果表明,太原市区土壤中多环芳烃的平均含量为8.65μg/g;空间分布上北高南低,高值点主要位于工业区及交通要道地段;组成上以四环及四环以上的多环芳烃为主。通过与国内外城市土壤的对比可知,太原市土壤PAHs污染已相当严重,其来源主要是煤炭的燃烧。太原市工业布局、能耗类型和地理位置是造成土壤PAHs污染的主要原因。  相似文献   

对流云人工增雨作业等级预报   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

叶建元  徐永和  丁建武  石燕 《气象》2003,29(4):40-43

结合南方对流云人工影响天气作业特点，在人影作业判据各项分指标的基础上，提出一种综合性判据，为基层人影作业提供操作性较强的人影作业指标。通过2001年作业试验，将作业等级结论与积云数值模拟结果和实际降水进行分析，验征了人影作业等级预报的可行性，这对于对流云人工影响天气作业指挥具有实际的意义。  相似文献   

Adsorption of rare earth elements onto Carrizo sand: Experimental investigations and modeling with surface complexation     

Jianwu Tang  Karen H. Johannesson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(22):5247-5261

Rare earth element (REE) adsorption onto sand from a well characterized aquifer, the Carrizo Sand aquifer of Texas, has been investigated in the laboratory using a batch method. The aim was to improve our understanding of REE adsorption behavior across the REE series and to develop a surface complexation model for the REEs, which can be applied to real aquifer-groundwater systems. Our batch experiments show that REE adsorption onto Carrizo sand increases with increasing atomic number across the REE series. For each REE, adsorption increases with increasing pH, such that when pH >6.0, >98% of each REE is adsorbed onto Carrizo sand for all experimental solutions, including when actual groundwaters from the Carrizo Sand aquifer are used in the experiments. Rare earth element adsorption was not sensitive to ionic strength and total initial REE concentrations in our batch experiments. It is possible that the differences in experimental ionic strength conditions (i.e., 0.002-0.01 M NaCl) chosen were insufficient to affect REE adsorption behavior. However, cation competition (e.g., Ca, Mg, and Zn) did affect REE adsorption onto Carrizo sand, especially for light rare earth elements (LREEs) at low pH. Rare earth element adsorption onto Carrizo sand can be successfully modeled using a generalized two-layer surface complexation model. Our model calculations suggest that REE complexation with strong surface sites of Carrizo sand exceeds the stability of the aqueous complexes LnOH²⁺, LnSO₄⁺, and LnCO₃⁺, but not that of Ln(CO₃)₂^- or LnPO₄^o in Carrizo groundwaters. Thus, at low pH (<7.3), where major inorganic ligands did not effectively compete with surface sites for dissolved REEs, free metal ion (Ln³⁺) adsorption was sufficient to describe REE adsorption behavior. However, at higher pH (>7.3) where solution complexation of the dissolved REEs was strong, REEs were adsorbed not only as free metal ion (Ln³⁺) but also as aqueous complexes (e.g., as Ln(CO₃)₂^- in Carrizo groundwaters). Because heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) were preferentially adsorbed onto Carrizo sand compared to LREEs, original HREE-enriched fractionation patterns in Carrizo groundwaters from the recharge area flattened along the groundwater flow path in the Carrizo Sand aquifer due to adsorption of free- and solution-complexed REEs.  相似文献   

青藏高原北部地区地震统计区划分及地震活动特征     

程建武  陈继峰  刘旭宙 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(3):1-11

地震统计区的划分是研究地震活动性的重要前提和基础,通过对青藏高原北部地区构造地质背景的分析,依据地球物理特征和强震活动特点,讨论和划分该区地震活动统计区,探讨研究区地震活动的复发特点、地震构造特征、潜在地震危险性及强度,分析研究区未来强震发生的强度和可能地点,结果表明,目前青藏高原北部地区处于第8个活跃期,仍存在发生强震的可能,且未来数年存在发生7级以上地震的可能,应密切东昆仑断裂带东段和祁连山中西段地区。  相似文献   

多视角监控视频中动态目标的时空信息提取方法     

李景文  韦晶闪  姜建武  陆妍玲  刘垒  唐一飞  李旭 《测绘学报》2022,51(3):388-400

监控视频中动态目标的精准定位与跟踪作为计算机视觉领域中重要的研究方向,近年来已成为监控领域的研究热点。传统视频动态目标检测仅依赖图像特征数据,忽略了与地理坐标系精准匹配,特别是对于多个摄像机覆盖的区域,拍摄的角度不同,投影后形成的图像空间分辨率也不同,因此,难以满足智能监控在复杂的地理场景中全方位时空信息感知。本文提出一种多摄像头协同的视频监控图像与地理空间数据互映射模型构建方法来获取动态目标的轮廓和地理位置等时空信息,首先建立监控图像信息与地理空间数据的互映射关系,将观测角度不同、尺度不同和空间分辨率的监控图像置于同一坐标系下,并在此基础上通过融合Canny算子与背景减法来检测目标的边缘信息;然后采用质心偏移算法还原目标在该场景的实际位置,从而实现多角度下连续跟踪,提升地理场景的时空理解力和分析力,提高动态目标的精准定位与跟踪能力。  相似文献   

Mobilization and redistribution of elements in soils developed from extreme weathering basalt on Hainan Island   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianwu Li  Ganlin Zhang  Zitong Gong 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(3):262-271

Major, trace and organic elements of a South China were reported to investigate elements laterite profile developed on Neogene basalt on Hainan Island, mobilization and redistribution in tropical regions. The results indicate that strong acid environment and organic matter （OM） can remarkably improve the transfer of insoluble elements. Among all the elements, Th is the least mobile. As for the general conservative elements during incipient chemical weathering, such as Ti, Zr, Hf and Nb, the removals are up to 30%-40% in the upper profile. And for Fe, A1, Cu and Ni, that tend to be combined with secondary minerals and to be retained in temperate zone, they are re- moved from the upper profile, transferred downwards, and then precipitated in the lower profile. In addition, atmos- pheric inputs, including sea salt aerosols and dust, have a profound effect on the budgets of elements that are susceptible to leaching losses （e.g. K, Na and Sr）. Excluding the possibilities of groundwater and erosion, the remarkable increase of K, Na and Sr concentrations in the upper profile, together with dramatically upward increasing trends of the percentage changes of Sr/Th, K/Th and Na/Th ratios, show that atmospheric inputs, especially sea salt aerosols, contribute much extraneous seawater derived elements, such as K, Na and Sr to the soils. The overall elemental be- haviors in this profile suggest that organic matter and atmospheric inputs play a very important role in the mobiliza- tion and redistribution of elements during extreme weathering in tropical regions.  相似文献   

不同地理环境下"空间贫困陷阱"分异机制比较——基于大别山与黄土高原的实证     

孙健武  高军波  马志飞  喻超  张欣怡 《干旱区地理》2022,45(2):650-659

脱贫攻坚战的打赢使贫困治理的目光转向缓解相对贫困,脱贫人口与相对贫困人口的重合性决定了集中连片特困地区仍将是我国解决贫困问题的主战场。以大别山区的新县和黄土高原地区的延长县为例,以贫困发生率为因变量,从“人”、“业”、“地”3个维度选取自变量,综合运用空间自相关和地理探测器等方法,解析不同地理环境下贫困空间分异模式与作用机制。结果表明：大别山区贫困空间集聚为点状和团块状相间分布为主,黄土高原地区则以团块状为主。大别山区“地”和“业”2个维度对空间贫困作用显著,黄土高原地区则“人”、“业”、“地”3个维度相对均衡。承载空间“地”的资源丰度带来的生存压力不同两地贫困形成机制的差异所在,黄土高原地区基于足够的生存资源,在相对封闭的空间中形成3个维度的负向循环累积,而大别山区在资源匮乏作用下,个体生存理性抉择下选择外出务工,从而打破贫困累积的循环。  相似文献   

变电站绝缘子爬电距离摄影测量方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘亚文  江健武  唐敏  赵灵  王伟坚 《测绘通报》2012,(12):15-17,39

提出一种新的在线绝缘子爬电距离量测方法,利用传感器获取带激光条绝缘子影像,采用摄影测量方法,通过提取影像上的激光条,精确量测绝缘子爬电距离。试验证明该方法能有效实现绝缘子爬电距离的量测,且量测结果可靠、精度高。  相似文献   

昆明城市热岛效应变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙绩华  冯健武  段玮 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(6):645-653

利用昆明周边多个自动气象站观测的2004~2012年温度序列,研究了昆明城市热岛效应的日、季节和年际变化特征,并分析了昆明城市热岛水平分布和变化趋势。昆明城市热岛强度具有明显的日变化,夜间较强,白天较弱。城市热岛强度一般在早上08:00(北京时间,下同)达到最大值,在午后14:00减弱或消失。城市热岛强度在冬季最强,春、秋季次之,夏季最弱。昆明城市热岛强度多年平均值为1.27°C,在2004~2009年期间表现为逐年递减的趋势,其年际变化的主要影响因子是云量。2004~2007年昆明城市热岛中心主要分布在主城区。2008年以后,由于中小城镇经济和人口的迅速发展,昆明城市热岛面积不断扩大,并出现热岛中心向呈贡、石林一带偏移的现象。  相似文献   

Nucleation and crystallization of otavite, witherite, calcite, strontianite, hydrozincite, and hydrocerussite by CO₂ membrane diffusion technique     

Maurizio Bucca  Martin Dietzel  Jianwu Tang  Albrecht Leis  Stephan Jürgen Khler 《Chemical Geology》2009,266(3-4):152-165

Otavite, witherite, calcite, strontianite, hydrozincite and hydrocerussite nucleation was induced by CO₂ diffusion through a polyethylene membrane into a metal bearing solution. Nucleation and ongoing precipitation was followed at 25 ± 1 °C by the chemical evolution of the solution and the consumption of sodium hydroxide (pH-stat conditions). X-ray diffraction patterns as well as FT-infrared and Raman spectra confirmed the formation of well crystallized solids, except for less crystalline hydrozincite. In several experiments simonkolleite and laurionite precipitated concurrently with hydrozincite and hydrocerussite. The carbonate end-member minerals, smithsonite and cerussite, however were not formed. Carbonate minerals crystallized as spherical aggregates of thin layered otavite, spherical orientated witherite needles, rhombohedral calcite, pseudo-hexagonal strontianite laths, fibrous lumps of hydrozincite and planar hexagonal hydrocerussite crystals. Crystal and aggregate sizes range between 1 and 100 μm. Nucleation occurred at well defined reaction times and distinct critical supersaturation indices (SI_crit). The time for nucleation at constant pH decreased as the initial metal concentration increased for a given solid. The SI_crit values decreased in the order of hydrocerussite (3.2), otavite (2.5), strontianite (1.6), witherite (0.9) and calcite (0.7).  相似文献