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1.
Mihail E. Popescu 《Engineering Geology》1979,14(1):43-53
Engineering problems associated with expansive clay formations, which have a large swelling and shrinking potential, exist in different regions of Romania.In the general framework of the study of the behaviour of expansive clays, the present paper describes some particular aspects connected with the swelling and shrinkage processes and their engineering effects in Romania.The differences between swelling potential relationships, obtained by two different methods are presented and discussed. Swelling pressure tests were accomplished using the available standard techniques, as well as a specially developed cell pressure equipment.Attention is drawn to the stages of the shrinkage process as related to soil structure. It was found that, in a general case, there are three distinct?tages: initial, normal and residual shrinkage.Laboratory investigations have shown that in soils with an anisotropic structure, the directional variation of shrinkage strains is elliptical in shape, with the maximum shrinkage normal to particle orientation.The engineering aspects of the results are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Advanced seismic slope stability analysis 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The objective of this study was to present an advanced methodology for assessing seismic slope stability by taking into account the uncertainties related to the main input parameters. The methodology was applied on a real landslide in order to show the advantages of using the proposed procedure and establish the baseline trends of dynamic response and calculated permanent seismic displacements. It involves the following steps: preliminary analysis, probabilistic static and seismic factor of safety analysis, and permanent seismic displacement analysis. Estimating post-failure maximum seismic deformation of landslide mass and sounding properties is the most important part of this study. It involves both Newmark sliding block method and continuum mechanics approach, applied for characteristic set of input values in order to have more accurate assessment of slope performance and determine the relative importance of input parameters. The results of the analysis showed the benefits of using the proposed step-by-step methodology. The obtained difference in the results between the two methods depends strongly on the set input data for a particular analysis. 相似文献
3.
Vasile Muntean Radu Crisan Daniela Paşca Stefan Kiss Mihail Drăgan-Bularda 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1996,5(1):35-44
Sediments of 56 salt lakes from Romania were studied enzymologically. The following 7 enzymatic and nonenzymatic catalytic activities have been measured: phosphatase, H2O2-splitting in nonautoclaved (catalase) and autoclaved samples, TTC reduction in nonautoclaved (dehydrogenase) and autoclaved samples, without or with glucose addition. A formula is proposed for the evaluation of the enzymatic potential of salt lake sediments or other habitats. A hierarchy of the studied lakes has been established on the basis of the enzymatic potential of their sediments expressed as enzymatic indicator. 相似文献
4.
The subject of measuring the performance of registries has been a topic of policy discussions in recent years at the regional level due to the recasting of the European Union (EU) port state control (PSC) directive which introduces incentives for flags which perform better. Since the current method used in the EU region entails some shortcomings, it has therefore been the subject of substantial scrutiny. Furthermore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) developed a set of performance indicators which however lacks the ability to measure compliance as set out in one of its strategic directions towards fostering global compliance. This article develops a methodology to measure flag state performance which can be applied on the regional or global level and to other areas of legislative interest (e.g. recognized organizations, Document of Compliance Companies). The proposed methodology overcomes some of the shortcomings of the present method and presents a more refined, less biased approach of measuring performance. To demonstrate its usefulness, it is applied to a sample of 207,821 observations for a 3-year time frame and compared to the current method. 相似文献
5.
Florin Pavel Radu Vacareanu Constantin Ionescu Mihail Iancovici Mihai Sercaianu 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(3):1707-1728
A systematic investigation of the applicability of several ground motion prediction models for Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source is conducted in this research. Two ground motion prediction models recommended by previous evaluations (Vacareanu et al. in Bull Earthq Eng 11(6):1867–1884, 2013a; Pavel et al. in Earthq Struct 6(1):1–18, 2014), as well as two new state-of-the-art ground motion prediction equations (Vacareanu et al. in J Earthq Eng, 2013b; Earthq Struct 6(2):141–161, 2014) are tested using an increased strong ground motion database consisting of 150 recordings from Vrancea subcrustal earthquakes. The evaluation is performed by using several goodness-of-fit parameters from the literature. Moreover, the applicability of the single-station sigma method is also investigated by using the same strong ground motion database recorded in 30 seismic stations from southern and eastern Romania. The influence of the soil conditions on the numerical results obtained in this study is investigated and discussed using the results provided by the analysis of variance method. The impact of the single-station standard deviation on the levels of seismic hazard is also assessed in this study, and the results show, in the analyzed cases, significant reductions of the hazard levels. 相似文献
6.
Trudy Doelman Robin Torrence Vladimir Popov Mihail Ionescu Nickolay Kluyev Igor Sleptsov Irina Pantyukhina Peter White Mark Clements 《Geoarchaeology》2008,23(2):243-273
Artifacts made from volcanic glass have been found in archaeological contexts dating from the Late Palaeolithic (ca. 20,000 yr B.P.) through to the end of the Bronze Age (ca. 2700 yr B.P.) in the southern Primorye region of Far East Russia. A geoarchaeological survey of volcanic glass outcrops assessed the various potential sources to determine their potential for sustained exploitation. A characterization study of source samples and artifacts from 27 spatially and temporally dispersed sites using a combination of PIXE‐PIGME and relative density identified which sources had actually been exploited and a technological analysis of the assemblages described patterns of use. The combination of these three approaches shows the impact of a relatively stable geological environment on patterns of procurement and exchange. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
7.
Hiroyuki Tsutsumi Yasuhiro Suzuki Andrei I. Kozhurin Mihail I. Strel'tsov Takeyuki Ueki Hideaki Goto Koji Okumura Rustam F. Bulgakov Hiroyuki Kitagawa 《Tectonophysics》2005,407(3-4):257-268
Sakhalin Island straddles an active plate boundary between the Okhotsk and Eurasian plates. South of Sakhalin, this plate boundary is illuminated by a series of Mw 7–8 earthquakes along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan. Although this plate boundary is considered to extend onshore along the length of Sakhalin, the location and convergence rate of the plate boundary had been poorly constrained. We mapped north-trending active faults along the western margin of the Poronaysk Lowland in central Sakhalin based on aerial photograph interpretation and field observations. The active faults are located east of and parallel to the Tym–Poronaysk fault, a terrane boundary between Upper Cretaceous and Neogene strata; the active faults appear to have reactivated the terrane boundary at depth in Quaternary time. The total length of the active fault zone on land is about 140 km. Tectonic geomorphic features such as east-facing monoclinal and fault scarps, back-tilted fluvial terraces, and numerous secondary faults suggest that the faults are west-dipping reverse faults. Assuming the most widely developed geomorphic surface in the study area formed during the last glacial maximum at about 20 ka based on similarities of geomorphic features with those in Hokkaido Island, we obtain a vertical component of slip rate of 0.9–1.4 mm/year. Using the fault dip of 30–60°W observed at an outcrop and trench walls, a net slip rate of 1.0–2.8 mm/year is obtained. The upper bound of the estimate is close to a convergence rate across the Tym–Poronaysk fault based on GPS measurements. A trenching study across the fault zone dated the most recent faulting event at 3500–4000 years ago. The net slip associated with this event is estimated at about 4.5 m. Since the last faulting event, a minimum of 3.5 m of strain, close to the strain released during the last event, has accumulated along the central portion of the active strand of the Tym–Poronaysk fault. 相似文献
8.
A small-scale model of an existing cable-stayed bridge has been designed and built. Hammer, sinusoidal and random signal tests have been performed to determine the dynamic characteristics of the model. An attempt has been made to evaluate the real effect of the vibration of stays upon system damping. Initial measurements have been performed for a model where there was no vibration of the stays because of the absence of appropriately scaled additional mass of these stays. In this way the effect of the cables was eliminated in damping measurement. During the second series of measurements appropriate mass has been added to the stays, causing them to take part in the vibration. The comparison of the measured damping of the model for each case makes possible the estimation of the effect of the stays upon the system damping. By using the shaking table, two types of seismic excitation were applied, with corresponding response quantities in the critical sections being measured. Good agreement between the analytical and the experimental results was achieved. 相似文献
9.
Aurelian Catalin Trandafir Toshitaka Kamai Roy Carl Sidle Mihail Popescu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(6):679-691
Failure of several gravity retaining walls in residential areas built on reclaimed land, during the October 23, 2004 Chuetsu
earthquake in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, determined the authorities to consider the seismic retrofit of the walls in order
to mitigate future similar disasters in the urban environment. This study addresses the effectiveness of ground anchors in
improving the seismic performance of such retaining structures through a sliding block analysis of the seismic response of
an anchored gravity retaining wall supporting a dry homogeneous fill slope subject to horizontal ground shaking. Sliding failure
along the base of the wall and translational failure along a planar slip surface of the active wedge within the fill material
behind the wall were considered in the formulation, whereas the anchor load was taken as a line load acting on the face of
the gravity retaining wall. The effects of magnitude and orientation of anchor load on the yield acceleration of the wall-backfill
system and seismically induced wall displacements were examined. It was found that for the same anchor orientation, the yield
acceleration increases in a quasi-linear manner with increasing the anchor load, whereas an anchor load of a given magnitude
acting at various orientations produces essentially identical yield accelerations. On the other hand, the computed earthquake-induced
permanent displacements of the anchored gravity retaining wall decrease exponentially with increasing magnitude of anchor
load. Additionally, the influence of backfill strength properties (e.g., internal friction angle) on the seismic wall displacement
appears to diminish considerably for the anchored gravity retaining wall. A dynamic displacement analysis conducted for the
anchored gravity retaining wall subjected to various seismic waveforms scaled to the same peak earthquake acceleration revealed
a good correlation between the calculated permanent wall displacements and the Arias intensity parameter characterizing the
input accelerogram. 相似文献
10.
Graham Bird Paul A. Brewer Mark G. Macklin Mariyana Nikolova Tsvetan Kotsev Mihail Mollov Catherine Swain 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
Lead isotope signatures (207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb), determined by magnetic sector ICP-MS in river channel sediment, metal ores and mine waste, have been used as geochemical tracers to quantify the delivery and dispersal of sediment-associated metals in the lower Danube River catchment. Due to a diverse geology and range of ore-body ages, Pb isotope signatures in ore-bodies within the lower Danube River catchment show considerable variation, even within individual metallogenic zones. It is also possible to discriminate between the Pb isotopic signatures in mine waste and river sediment within river systems draining individual ore bodies. Lead isotopic data, along with multi-element data; were used to establish the provenance of river sediments and quantify sedimentary contributions to mining-affected tributaries and to the Danube River. Data indicate that mining-affected tributaries in Serbia and Bulgaria contribute up to 30% of the river channel sediment load of the lower Danube River. Quantifying relative sediment contributions from mining-affected tributaries enables spatial patterns in sediment-associated metal and As concentrations to be interpreted in terms of key contaminant sources. Combining geochemical survey data with that regarding the provenance of contaminated sediments can therefore be used to identify foci for remediation and environmental management strategies. 相似文献