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Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Thermal Stratification and Vertical Mixing in a Shallow Fresh Water Lake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yichen Yang Yongwei Wang Zhen Zhang Wei Wang Xia Ren Yaqi Gao Shoudong Liu Xuhui Lee 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(2):219-232
Among several influential factors, the geographical position and depth of a lake determine its thermal structure. In temperate zones, shallow lakes show significant differences in thermal stratification compared to deep lakes. Here, the variation in thermal stratification in Lake Taihu, a shallow fresh water lake, is studied systematically. Lake Taihu is a warm polymictic lake whose thermal stratification varies in short cycles of one day to a few days. The thermal stratification in Lake Taihu has shallow depths in the upper region and a large amplitude in the temperature gradient, the maximum of which exceeds 5°C m–1. The water temperature in the entire layer changes in a relatively consistent manner. Therefore, compared to a deep lake at similar latitude, the thermal stratification in Lake Taihu exhibits small seasonal differences, but the wide variation in the short term becomes important. Shallow polymictic lakes share the characteristic of diurnal mixing. Prominent differences on the duration and frequency of long-lasting thermal stratification are found in these lakes, which may result from the differences of local climate, lake depth, and fetch. A prominent response of thermal stratification to weather conditions is found, being controlled by the stratifying effect of solar radiation and the mixing effect of wind disturbance. Other than the diurnal stratification and convection, the representative responses of thermal stratification to these two factors with contrary effects are also discussed. When solar radiation increases, stronger wind is required to prevent the lake from becoming stratified. A daily average wind speed greater than 6 m s–1 can maintain the mixed state in Lake Taihu. Moreover, wind-induced convection is detected during thermal stratification. Due to lack of solar radiation, convection occurs more easily in nighttime than in daytime. Convection occurs frequently in fall and winter, whereas long-lasting and stable stratification causes less convection in summer. 相似文献
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Wei Xiao Yufei Qian Xuhui Lee Wei Wang Mi Zhang Xuefa Wen Shoudong Liu Yongbo Hu Chengyu Xie Zhen Zhang Xuesong Zhang Xiaoyan Zhao Fucun Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(10):1523-1532
The kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation against the stable water isotope H_2 ~(18)O is an important mechanism underlying many hydrologic studies that use ~(18)O as an isotopic tracer. A recent in-situ measurement of the isotopic water vapor flux over a lake indicates that the kinetic effect is much weaker(kinetic factor 6.2‰) than assumed previously(kinetic factor14.2‰) by lake isotopic budget studies. This study investigates the implications of the weak kinetic effect for studies of deuterium excess-humidity relationships, regional moisture recycling, and global evapotranspiration partitioning. The results indicate that the low kinetic factor is consistent with the deuterium excess-humidity relationships observed over open oceans.The moisture recycling rate in the Great Lakes region derived from the isotopic tracer method with the low kinetic factor is a much better agreement with those from atmospheric modeling studies than if the default kinetic factor of 14.2‰ is used. The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration at global scale decreases from 84±9%(with the default kinetic factor) to 76±19%(with the low kinetic factor), the latter of which is in slightly better agreement with other non-isotopic partitioning results. 相似文献
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利用2018年4月—2019年4月南京盘城大孔径闪烁仪(Large Aperture Scintillometer,LAS)观测数据,分析了城镇感热通量的时空变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:1)南京城镇感热通量呈单峰型日变化特征,白天明显大于夜间,且白天晴天明显大于阴天,夜间晴天略小于阴天,晴、阴天小时感热通量年平均分别在2.25～200.53 W·m-2、13.10～132.52 W·m-2波动。2)城镇感热通量夏季明显大于冬季,8月昼、夜分别为112.19、23.54 W·m-2,2月昼、夜分别为35.57、11.57 W·m-2。3)晴天白天条件下,不同风向(通量贡献源区)城镇感热通量存在显著差异,即随着不透水层占比的增加,净辐射分配到感热通量的比例明显提高,当占比大于60％时提高趋势不明显。4)以莫宁-奥布霍夫长度判断大气稳定度为标准,C2n法在计算感热通量的5种大气稳定度判断方法中的误判率较低且数据源于LAS,是比较适宜城镇夜间大气稳定度的判断方法。5)在影响城镇感热通量的地表参数中,有效高度变化的影响最大,风速变化的影响较大特别在秋冬季节更为明显,波文比变化对城镇感热通量的影响较小,温度、地表粗糙度和零平面位移变化的影响可忽略不计。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地中部西台吉乃尔盐湖成因及其年代框架还存在争议。通过应用光释光测年法（OSL）和放射性碳测年法（AMS14C）测定两支分别来自该盐湖中部及东部边缘区域的岩芯，获得4个OSL和5个AMS14C年代数据。结果表明：（1） 对于老于30 ka的样品放射性碳测年法存在明显的年代低估，而对于年轻样品则存在约4.0 ka的碳库效应，相对而言光释光测年方法具有一定的合理性。（2） 两支岩芯顶部粉砂质粘土层形成于约0.3 ka，中部含粉砂质粘土盐层形成于大约4.0 ka，底部粉砂质粘土层则至少形成于70 ka 之前。 相似文献
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本研究项目主要针对湄江河流域上游重点地域的防汛工作而开展,利用流域面雨量预报技术,结合水文关于流量、水位的洪涝预报模式,开发研制了湄江河流域洪涝监测预警系统,基于定性和定量的集成方法原理,探讨洪水流量、水位预测的综合分析方法,随时向湄江河防汛决策部门提供准确的、客观的、可靠的洪涝预警信息以及防汛决策所需的水文、气象服务信息,这对湄江河乃至全市相关县市提高气象预报决策服务效益、增强流域洪涝监测预警能力和更好地配合党政决策部门做好防灾减灾工作、提高我市可持续发展战略能力等都具有十分重大的意义. 相似文献
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中国南方夏季低频雨型特征及其年代际变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示南方低频降水的季节内及年代际变化规律,利用1961—2011年夏季中国南方逐日降水资料和大气环流再分析资料,运用经验正交函数分解(EOF)与聚类分析相结合方法,将南方地区10 d以上的低频尺度降水划分为5个异常雨型.分析表明,各雨型具有较好的持续性,与同期的环流场有很好的对应关系,彼此间水汽异常输送特征有明显差别.通过对雨型的统计特征进行分析,指出不同于以往的季节平均雨型,低频雨型可在季节内交替出现,反映了大尺度异常降水的低频演变特征.进一步研究发现,近50年来各低频雨型的多项统计特征存在显著的年代际变化:20世纪80—90年代各多雨型均相继出现峰值,进入21世纪偏旱型的各项统计特征存在明显上升趋势,而大部分低频多雨型出现次数减少,这可能预示着中国南方地区正在进入一个季节内尺度降水减少的阶段. 相似文献
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湖泊水体的对流混合是最基本的物理过程,其能显著影响湖泊生态系统温室气体等循环,但浅水湖泊水体对流混合的研究鲜有报道.本研究基于太湖(面积2400 km2,平均水深1.9 m)中尺度通量网的原位、高频、连续和多点的观测数据,分析该大型浅水湖泊水体对流混合速率w*的时空特征.结果表明太湖水体w*的均值为2.49 mm/s,因太湖的风速、水温和辐射等物理参数无空间变化,w*也无明显的空间变化.但是研究表明w*呈现显著的昼夜变化和季节变化,且昼夜变化幅度强于季节变化.总体上夜间w*是白天的4倍多,冬季w*(均值1.79 mm/s)明显低于春季(均值2.42 mm/s)、夏季(均值2.91 mm/s)和秋季(均值2.82 mm/s).太湖w*主要受风速和能量收支影响,白天风速是主要驱动因子,夜晚能量收支是主要驱动因子. 相似文献
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用稳定同位素方法估算大型浅水湖泊蒸发量——以太湖为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
湖泊蒸发量的准确估算对于水文学、气象学和湖泊学等研究有重要的意义.基于2013-2015年太湖水量收支资料、气象观测数据和稳定同位素观测资料,采用稳定同位素质量守恒模型、水量平衡法和Priestley-Taylor模型估算太湖蒸发量,分析太湖蒸发量的季节变化和年际变化特征,并以Priestley-Taylor模型结果为参考值,评价水量平衡法和同位素质量守恒方程的计算精度.结果表明:5-9月太湖蒸发量较高,冬季最低.2013-2015年太湖年总蒸发量分别为1069、894和935 mm,蒸发量的年际变化受到天气条件的影响.2013年12月2014年11月期间,用Priestley-Taylor模型计算的湖泊蒸发量为885 mm;同位素质量守恒模型的估算结果较一致,为893 mm;而水量平衡方程的估算结果明显偏高,为1247 mm. 相似文献