A series of environmentalegeological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep
groundwater (i.e., confined aquifer water) in the North China Plain. In order to better understand the status
of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the resultant environmentalegeological problems on a regional
scale, the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed by way of the groundwater exploitation
potential coefficient (i.e., the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation),
cumulative land subsidence, and long-term average lowering rate of the groundwater table. There is a good
correlation among the results calculated by the different methods. On a regional scale, deep groundwater
has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current conditions. The
groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for the calculations,
so the results mainly reflect the degree of current groundwater exploitation. The results of over-exploitation
of deep groundwater obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average rate of depression of the water
table mainly reflect environmentalegeological problems caused by exploitation of deep groundwater. 相似文献
Low-to-medium temperature geothermal fluids in the granite regions of southeastern China are an important renewable energy resource, but they are also a source of contamination containing highly toxic elements such as fluoride and arsenic. This study analyzed the origin of the geothermal fluids in a regional-scale hydrogeological unit in the city of Xiamen, China, based on isotope and hydrochemical analyses. The Br/Cl ratios suggested that the inland geothermal fluid is merely recharged by rainwater from the mountain edge, while the coastal geothermal fluid is originally recharged by the seawater and later mixed with rain-derived groundwater. The geothermal water featured high SiO2 and detectable Zn concentrations. The former reflects the significant water–granite interaction along the flow path, and the latter indicates the active hydraulic connection between surface waters, shallow aquifers and deep geothermal fluids. High radon content was detected near the deep conductive fault adjacent to a geothermal well, demonstrating that the fault damage zone acts as a major conduit for upward transport of the deep geothermal fluid. As a result, the fault damage zones developed in the granite are necessary for the formation of geothermal water, which leads to the uneven distribution of geothermal water in the subsurface. High-temperature geothermal water can be found in those regions with fairly sparse fault damage zones. In contrast, in the region with high-density fault activities, the active communication between shallow cool water and deep geothermal fluids can decrease the water temperature.
Overexploitation of groundwater in Cangzhou area has attracted wide attention. Different layers of the aquifer may be connected through wells, since most wells of the deep aquifer have screens in several layers. This study proved the existence of vertical flow through wells, calculated the flow velocity and quantity of vertical flow in wells with methods of both field measurement and numerical simulation. Further, the recharge of deep groundwater by vertical flow through wells was estimated. An annual recharge of 1.5×108-2.8×108m3 from the third aquifer to the forth aquifer in Cangzhou area was estimated, according to the in-well measurement by heat pulse flowmeter sonde. 相似文献
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