Seagrass landscape-scale changes in response to disturbance created by the dynamics of barrier-islands: A case study from Ria Formosa (Southern Portugal)     

A.H. Cunha  R.P. Santos  A.P. Gaspar  M.F. Bairros 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):636-644

This study documents long-term changes of a Zostera noltii landscape induced by a natural cyclic event in a coastal lagoon. The barrier-islands forming this system are very dynamic with drifting movements controlling ecological patterns and processes occurring in this area. Changes in the areal extent of the Z. noltii meadows were assessed using historical aerial photographs from 1940, 1980, 1989, 1996 and 1998. Landscape indices such as total patch area (TA), mean patch size (MPS), number of patches (NP), mean shape coefficient of variation (CV) and landscape fractal dimension (D) were calculated for each year and related to an index of disturbance intensity. The spatial distribution of the Z. noltii meadows varied greatly during the studied period and changes observed were related to the disturbance created by the barrier-islands' spatial dynamics. After an artificial inlet relocation the Z. noltii area, number of patches, patch mean size and coefficient of variation decreased. The fractal dimension of the Z. noltii landscape increased by 50% showing that besides a decrease in total area, number of patches, and patch mean area, patch fragmentation was an important consequence of this anthropogenic disturbance.Seagrass natural distribution patterns changed in response to natural and human-induced activities. This study emphasizes the importance of the landscape approach and the historical perspective when studying seagrass changes and the importance of taking into consideration long-term changes in seagrass landscapes to avoid confusion between man-induced effects with natural cyclic events.  相似文献   

Nonparametric Estimates of the Sea State Bias for the Jason-1 Radar Altimeter   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sylvie Labroue  Philippe Gaspar  Joel Dorandeu  Oz Zanif    F. Mertz  Patrick Vincent  Denis Choquet 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):453-481

The Jason-1 sea state bias (SSB) is analyzed in depth from the first year of GDR products. Compared to previous missions, this work benefits from two aspects of the empirical determination of the SSB from the altimetric data themselves. First, from a methodological point of view, a nonparametric technique (NP) has been developed and largely tested on TOPEX/Poseidon 1, GFO and Envisat data. The NP estimator has proven to be a useful tool in the SSB estimation, and it is now mature enough to be used for a refined analysis. On the other hand, the SSB can be extracted from three different data sets (crossovers, collinear data, and residuals) with different characteristics. It is then possible to cross calibrate various estimations of the SSB models and to determine the most accurate one. A systematic comparison is made between these different estimates for the Jason-1 altimeter. The collinear and crossover data sets yield very similar estimates despite their difference of spatial and temporal distributions. These SSB models assure consistency with the TOPEX mission when comparing Jason-1 and TOPEX residuals during the tandem phase. Thanks to the present work, the impact of the short wavelengths filtering on the SSB estimation is evidenced. More generally, our understanding of potential errors affecting the sea surface height and their impact onto the SSB estimation is also improved.  相似文献   

Deformation studies at Furnas and Sete Cidades Volcanoes (São Miguel Island, Azores). Velocities and further investigations     

A. Trota  N. Houlié  P. Briole  J. L. Gaspar  F. Sigmundsson  K. L. Feigl 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(2):952-956

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Kamafugitic diatremes: their textures and field relationships with examples from the Goiás alkaline province, Brazil     

Tereza Cristina Junqueira-Brod  Jos Carlos Gaspar  Jos Affonso Brod  Camilla Vasconcelos Kafino 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):337-353

Kamafugitic rocks intruded the Precambrian basement and Phanerozoic sediments at the northeast border of the Paraná basin as part of the Late Cretaceous Goiás alkaline province (GAP). Plutonic complexes dominate the north of the province, whereas lavas and pyroclastic rocks prevail in the south. The central GAP is characterized by kamafugitic diatremes, which may crop out continuously for up to 850 m and consist of a central breccia body, surrounded and overlain by lava flows and crosscut by dykes. The breccias contain some special spheroidal juvenile fragments—namely, accretionary and armored lapilli, frozen droplets, spinning droplets, and wrapped fragments—whose textural and mineralogical aspects are described in detail. Irregularly shaped tuff pockets that occur within the breccias contain textures and structures similar to those of subaerial surge deposits and formed in confined, high gas to solid+liquid ratio domains in the conduit. Diatreme emplacement affected the country rock through thermal metamorphism, development of columnar jointing, and formation of peperite-like mixtures. There is no evidence of phreatomagmatic activity in the diatremes, and CO₂, rather than H₂O, seems to have been the major volatile component of the kamafugitic magmas. This finding implies that features such as accretionary lapilli and peperites are not exclusively associated with H₂O-dominated processes.  相似文献   

Severe soil erosion during a 3‐day exceptional rainfall event: combining modelling and field data for a fallow cereal field          下载免费PDF全文

Manuel López‐Vicente  Laura Quijano  Leticia Gaspar  Leticia Palazón  Ana Navas 《水文研究》2015,29(10):2358-2372

Exceptional rainfall events cause significant losses of soil, although few studies have addressed the validation of model predictions at field scale during severe erosive episodes. In this study, we evaluate the predictive ability of the enhanced Soil Erosion and Redistribution Tool (SERT‐2014) model for mapping and quantifying soil erosion during the exceptional rainfall event (~235 mm) that affected the Central Spanish Pyrenees in October 2012. The capacity of the simulation model is evaluated in a fallow cereal field (1.9 ha) at a high spatial scale (1 × 1 m). Validation was performed with field‐quantified rates of soil loss in the rills and ephemeral gullies and also with a detailed map of soil redistribution. The SERT‐2014 model was run for the six rainfall sub‐events that made up the exceptional event, simulating the different hydrological responses of soils with maximum runoff depths ranging between 40 and 1017 mm. Predicted average and maximum soil erosion was 11 and 117 Mg ha^?1 event^?1, respectively. Total soil loss and sediment yield to the La Reina gully amounted to 16.3 and 9.0 Mg event^?1. These rates are in agreement with field estimations of soil loss of 20.0 Mg event^?1. Most soil loss (86%) occurred during the first sub‐event. Although soil accumulation was overestimated in the first sub‐event because of the large amount of detached soil, the enhanced SERT‐2014 model successfully predicted the different spatial patterns and values of soil redistribution for each sub‐event. Further research should focus on stream transport capacity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Distribution of calcareous nannoplankton in surface sediments along the northern KwaZulu-Natal Bight,South Africa     

MN Ovechkina  MB Mostovski  R Uken 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):S75-S89

The coccolith assemblages from seafloor sediments over the inner shelf in the northern region of the KwaZulu- Natal Bight on the east coast of South Africa were identified and their distribution determined. In all, 29 Recent species and taxonomic groups, as well as 29 reworked species were recorded. The distribution of the Recent species appears to be governed by environmental features that have been documented in other studies: temperature, salinity, nutrient concentration and water circulation pattern, which reveals the long-term existence of a circulation cell in the sector between Durban Bay and the Thukela River. The outer edge of the cell consists of nutrient-enriched mixed layers and is characterised by an enhanced abundance of Gephyrocapsa oceanica, whereas the central region consists of a stratified nutrient-depleted water mass with elevated abundance of Umbilicosphaera sibogae, Florisphaera profunda, and a group of umbelliform species. The elevated levels of G. oceanica, coupled with the rarity of U. sibogae, F. profunda and the umbelliform species, confirm the presence of a permanent upwelling cell off Richards Bay. The maximum abundance of F. profunda found between Richards Bay and Lake Nhlabane indicates a region of nutrient-depleted (except for nitrite) conditions.  相似文献   

Early Proterozoic,basaltic andesite tuff-breaccia: downslope,subaqueous mass transport of phreatomagmatically-generated tephra     

MB Dolozi  LD Ayres 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1991,53(6):477-495

At Bear Lake, in the Flin Flon-Snow Lake greenstone belt of Manitoba, 400⁺ m of thick-to very thick-bedded, generally ungraded, basaltic andesite tuff-breccia, breccia, and lapilli-tuff are intercalated with pillowed lava flows in the upper part of an early Proterozoic submarine basaltic andesite shield volcano. The fragmental rocks comprise angular, amygdaloidal blocks and lapilli, many with partial chilled selvages, in a matrix of blocky, non-amygdaloidal to highly amygdaloidal vitric basaltic andesite ash and small lapilli. Minor thin-to medium-bedded, commonly normally graded tuff occurs in the upper part of the sequence. Clasts in fragmental beds consistently have higher amygdule contents than intercalated lava flows. Although similar to pillow-fragment breccias, the Bear Lake fragmental rocks were produced by extended surtseyan-type, phreatomagmatic eruptions, with associated fire fountain activity, at a progressively subsiding, shallow water vent. Periodic tephra slumping generated debris flows that transported particles down the uppe, gentle slope of the volcano to a depositional site at a water depth of less than 1 km. Turbidity currents probably carried much fine tephra to deeper water; tuff was deposited in the preserved section only after explosive volcanism ceased.  相似文献   

The alleged kimberlite-carbonatite relationship: evidence from ilmenite and spinel from Premier and Wesselton mines and the Benfontein sill,South Africa     

Gaspar  Jose C.  Wyllie  Peter J. 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,85(2):133-140

Carbonate-rich, SiO₂-poor residua are developed in some kimberlites solidifying as ocelli, layers, or discrete dikes which satisfy petrographic definitions of carbonatite. Arguments that these rocks have mineralogies, antecedents, and comagmatic rocks differing from those of the carbonatites in alkaline rock complexes, including the specific observation that kimberlites and carbonatites contain ilmenites and spinels of different composition, have been used to refute the alleged kimberlite-carbonatite relationship. New microprobe analyses of ilmenites and spinels from carbonate-rich rocks associated with kimberlites in three South African localities correspond to spinels and ilmenites of carbonatites from alkalic complexes, or have characteristics intermediate between those of carbonatites and kimberlites. The ilmenites are distinguished from kimberlite ilmenites by higher MnO, FeTiO₃, and Nb₂O₅, and by negligible Cr₂O₃. The spinels are distinguished from kimberlite spinels by their Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ contents. There is clearly a genetic relationship between the kimberlites and the carbonate-rich rocks, despite the observation that their ilmenites and spinels are distinctly different, which indicates that the same observation is not a valid argument against a petrogenetic relationship between kimberlites and carbonatites. These rocks are among the diverse products from mantle processes influenced by CO₂, and we believe that the petrogenetic links among them are forged in the upper mantle. We see insufficient justification to deny the name carbonatite to carbonate-rich rocks associated with kimberlites if they satisfy the petrographic definition in terms of major mineralogy.  相似文献   

Advances in hydroscience, vol. 13.     

Emilian Gaspar 《Engineering Geology》1983,19(4):286-287

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An audio-magnetotelluric investigation in Terceira Island (Azores)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fernando A. Monteiro Santos  Antnio Trota  Antnio Soares  Rafael Luzio  Nuno Loureno  Liliana Matos  Eugnio Almeida  Joo L. Gaspar  Jorge M. Miranda 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,59(4):314-323

Ten audio-magnetotelluric soundings have been carried out along a profile crossing the Serra do Cume caldera in the eastern part of the Terceira Island (Azores). The main objectives of this investigation were to detect geoelectrical features related with tectonic structures and to characterize regional hydrological and hydrothermal aspects mainly those related to geothermal fluid dynamics.Three-dimensional numerical investigation showed that the data acquired at periods shorter than 1 s are not significantly affected by ocean effect. The data was analysed using the Smith's decomposition method in order to investigate possible distortions caused by superficial structures and to estimate a global regional strike. The results suggest that in general the soundings were not distorted. A regional N55°W strike was chosen for the two-dimensional data inversion.The low-resistivity zones (10–30 ohm-m) displayed in the central part of the 2-D geoelectrical model have been interpreted as caused by hydrothermal circulation. The low-resistivity anomalies at the ends of the profile might be attributed to alteration zones with interaction of seawater intrusion. High-resistivity (> 300 ohm-m) values have been related with less permeable zones in the SW of Cinco Picos and Guilherme Moniz caldera walls.  相似文献