Mantle circulation models with variational data assimilation: inferring past mantle flow and structure from plate motion histories and seismic tomography   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hans-Peter Bunge  C. R. Hagelberg  B. J. Travis 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,152(2):280-301

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Long-term soil moisture dynamics derived from GNSS interferometric reflectometry: a case study for Sutherland,South Africa   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sibylle Vey  Andreas Güntner  Jens Wickert  Theresa Blume  Markus Ramatschi 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(4):641-654

Soil moisture is a geophysical key observable for predicting floods and droughts, modeling weather and climate and optimizing agricultural management. Currently available in situ observations are limited to small sampling volumes and restricted number of sites, whereas measurements from satellites lack spatial resolution. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can be used to estimate soil moisture time series at an intermediate scale of about 1000 m². In this study, GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data at the station Sutherland, South Africa, are used to estimate soil moisture variations during 2008–2014. The results capture the wetting and drying cycles in response to rainfall. The GNSS Volumetric Water Content (VWC) is highly correlated (r ² = 0.8) with in situ observations by time-domain reflectometry sensors and is accurate to 0.05 m³/m³. The soil moisture estimates derived from the SNR of the L1 and L2P signals compared to the L2C show small differences with a RMSE of 0.03 m³/m³. A reduction in the SNR sampling rate from 1 to 30 s has very little impact on the accuracy of the soil moisture estimates (RMSE of the VWC difference 1–30 s is 0.01 m³/m³). The results show that the existing data of the global tracking network with continuous observations of the L1 and L2P signals with a 30-s sampling rate over the last two decades can provide valuable complementary soil moisture observations worldwide.  相似文献   

Die Stellung der nordnorwegischen Eisenerzlagerstätte Andörja in der kaledonischen Geosynklinale     

Dr. Hans-Peter Geis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1967,56(1):561-567

Zusammenfassung Die Magnetiterzlager der Insel Andörja/Nordnorwegen liegen in einer Serie mesozonal metamorphisierter Sedimente des Kambro-Silurs der Kaledoniden: Granatglimmerschiefer Hangender Kalkmarmor (max. 5 Horizonte, die bis 9 m mächtig sind) Amphibolitschiefer (83–175 m mächtig, mit marin-sedimentären Magnetiterzen) Liegender Kalkmarmor (0–4 m mächtig) Granatglimmerschiefer, z. T. Quarzit.Diese Gesteinsfolge hat typisch miogeosynklinalen Charakter. Da sie westlich des Verbreitungsgebiets der eugeosynklinalen kaledonischen Sedimente und nahe dem Westrand des Verbreitungsgebiets kambro-silurischer Gesteine überhaupt auftritt, könnte es sich hier um den Westrand der Kaledoniden handeln. Westlich davon auftretende präkaledonische Gesteine könnten dann zur irischen Plattform gehören.

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The magnetite layers on the island of Andörja lie in a series of metamorphosed cambro-silurian sediments with the following sequence: garnet mica schist upper marble (max. 5 layers with up to 5 m thickness) amphibolite schist (83–175 m thickness, with marine sedimentary magnetite ore) lower marble (0–4 m thickness) garnet mica schist, partly quartzite.This rock sequence is of typically miogeosynclinal character. As it is situated to the west of the extension of the eugeosynclinal Caledonian rocks and near the western border of the cambro-silurian rocks on the whole, we might have here the western boundary of the caledonian geosyncline. Precaledonian rocks to the west of Andörja might then belong to the Irish platform.

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Résumé Les couches de magnétite du gisement d'Andörja se trouvent dans une série de sediments cambro-siluriens métamorphiques avec la séquence suivante: marbre supérieur (max. 5 horizons qui ont une épaisseur jusqu'à 9 m) amphibolite (83–175 m d'épaisseur, avec gisements de magnétite) marbre inférieur (0–4 m d'épaisseur) schistes de grenat et mica, en partie quartzites.La séquence est d'un caractère typiquement miogeosynclinal. Parce qu'elle apparaît à l'ouest de l'extension des roches eugéosynclinales calédoniennes et à la bordure des roches cambro-siluriennes en général, on y a probablement la frontière occidentale de la géosynclinale calédonienne. Les roches précalédoniennes plus à l'ouest pourraient alors appartenir à la plateforme d'Irlande.

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Andörja ( ), - : (9 ), (83–175 , ), (0–4 ), - , . . , .

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Incentives for field hydrology and data sharing: collaboration and compensation: reply to “A need for incentivizing field hydrology,especially in an era of open data”*     

Theresa Blume  Ilja van Meerveld  Markus Weiler 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(Z2):1266-1268

ABSTRACT

We thank Allen and Berghuijs for continuing the discussion on field hydrology and data sharing and discuss two incentives to promote data collection and sharing in hydrological sciences: a collaborative attitude and additional funding to make data publicly available.  相似文献   

Chemical Mechanism Development: Laboratory Studies and Model Applications     

Harald Geiger  Ian Barnes  Karl H. Becker  Birger Bohn  Theo Brauers  Birgit Donner  Hans-Peter Dorn  Manfred Elend  Carlos M. Freitas Dinis  Dirk Grossmann  Heinz Hass  Holger Hein  Axel Hoffmann  Lars Hoppe  Frank Hülsemann  Dieter Kley  Björn Klotz  Hans G. Libuda  Tobias Maurer  Djuro Mihelcic  Geert K. Moortgat  Romeo Olariu  Peter Neeb  Dirk Poppe  Lars Ruppert  Claudia G. Sauer  Oleg Shestakov  Holger Somnitz  William R. Stockwell  Lars P. Thüner  Andreas Wahner  Peter Wiesen  Friedhelm Zabel  Reinhard Zellner  Cornelius Zetzsch 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):323-357

Within the German Tropospheric Research Programme (TFS) numerous kinetic and mechanistic studies on the tropospheric reaction/degradation of the following reactants were carried out: oxygenated VOC, aromatic VOC, biogenic VOC, short-lived intermediates, such as alkoxy and alkylperoxy radicals.At the conception of the projects these selected groups were classes of VOC or intermediates for which the atmospheric oxidation mechanisms were either poorly characterised or totally unknown. The motivation for these studies was the attainment of significant improvements in our understanding of the atmospheric chemical oxidation processes of these compounds, particularly with respect to their involvement in photooxidant formation in the troposphere. In the present paper the types of experimental investigations performed and the results obtained within the various projects are briefly summarised. The major achievements are highlighted and discussed in terms of their contribution to improving our understanding of the chemical processes controlling photosmog formation in the troposphere.  相似文献   

Das Verhältnis TiO2 : Fe in westnorwegischen Magn etit-Ilmeniterzen     

Dr. Hans-Peter Geis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1966,55(2):414-417

Zusammenfassung In Westnorwegen auftretende Magnetit-Ilmeniterze sind teilweise an intrusive, gabbroide Gesteine und teilweise an wahrscheinlich extrusive Amphibolite gebunden. Das TiO₂Fe-Verhältnis der Amphiboliterze beträgt 0,14–0,15 und ist innerhalb der einzelnen Vorkommen konstant. In den Gabbroerzen liegt das Verhältnis zwischen 0,21 und 0,35 und schwankt auch innerhalb der Einzelvorkommen stark.

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Magnetite-ilmenite ore in western Norway occurs partly in intrusive, gabbroic rocks, partly in amphibolites which seem to be extrusive. The relation TiO₂: Fe in the amphibolite ores is 0.14–0.15 and is constant within every deposit. In the gabbro ores the relation TiO₂Fe lies between 0.21 and 0.35 and varies also within every single deposit.

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Résumé Dans l'Ouest de la Norvège des gisements de magnétite-ilménite se trouvent en partie dans des roches gabbroïques et intrusives, en partie dans des amphibolites qui sont probablement extrusives. Le rapport TiO₂Fe dans les minerais amphibolitiques est de 0,14–0,15 et se montre très constant d'un gisement à l'autre. Dans les minerais gabbroïques, le rapport TiO₂Fe varie entre 0,21 et 0,35 et diffère selon le gisement.

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. TiO₂: Fe .

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Effects of pollen leaching and microbial degradation on organic carbon and nutrient availability in lake water     

Stefan?R?sel  Anna?Rych?a  Christian?Wurzbacher  Hans-Peter?GrossartEmail author 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(1):87-99

Nutrient fluxes across terrestrial-aquatic boundaries and their subsequent integration into lake nutrient cycles are currently a major topic of aquatic research. Although pollen represents a good substrate for microorganisms, it has been neglected as a terrestrial source of organic matter in lakes. In laboratory experiments, we incubated pollen grains of Pinus sylvestris in water of lakes with different trophy and pH to estimate effects of pollen input and its subsequent microbial degradation on nutrient dynamics. In this ex situ experiment, we measured concentrations of organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen in the surrounding water as well as microbial dynamics (bacteria and fungal sporangia) at well-controlled conditions. Besides leaching, chemical and microbial decomposition of pollen was strongest within the first week of incubation. This led to a marked increase of soluble reactive phosphorus and total dissolved nitrogen (up to 0.04 and 1.5 mg L⁻¹, respectively, after 5 days of incubation) in the ambient water. In parallel, pollen grains were rapidly colonized by heterotrophic bacteria and aquatic fungi. Leaching and microbial degradation of pollen accounted for ≥80, ≥40, ≥50% for organic C, N and P, respectively, and did not significantly differ among water samples from the studied lakes. Thus, pollen introduces high amounts of bio-available terrestrial organic matter and nutrients into surface waters within a short time. A rough calculation on P input into oligotrophic Lake Stechlin indicates that pollen plays an important ecological role in nutrient cycling of temperate lakes. This requires further attention in aquatic ecology.  相似文献   

GPS for real-time earthquake source determination and tsunami warning systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Geoffrey Blewitt  William C. Hammond  Corné Kreemer  Hans-Peter Plag  Seth Stein  Emile Okal 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(3-4):335-343

We identify the key design aspects of a GPS-based system (and in the future, GNSS-based systems) that could contribute to real-time earthquake source determination and tsunami warning systems. Our approach is based on models of both transient and permanent displacement of GPS stations caused by large earthquakes, while considering the effect of GPS errors on inverted earthquake source parameters. Our main conclusions are that (1) the spatial pattern, magnitude, and timing of permanent displacement of GPS stations can be inverted for the earthquake source and so predict the 3D displacement field of the ocean bottom, thus providing the initial conditions for tsunami models, and (2) there are no inherently limiting factors arising from real-time orbit and positioning errors, provided sufficient near-field GPS stations are deployed. This signal could be readily exploited by GPS networks currently in place, and will be facilitated by the IGS Real-Time Project as it comes to fruition.  相似文献   

Softs of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, the maritime Antarctic: Part I. Formation processes and pedogenetic particularities     

Chen Jie  Gong Zitong  Harns-Peter Blume 《极地研究(英文版)》2000,11(1)

Based on the data obtained from tens of the investigated soil profiles scattered over the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, the maritime Antarctic, the soil-forming processes were discussed. It was concluded that on the weathering crusts resulted from various physical courses, the strong freeze-thaw action within regolith, significant organic matter accumulation, evident leaching and illuviation, as well as initial argillification dominated the formation and development of the soils on the Fildes Peninsula. Furthermore, this study indicated that the juvenility of genesis, poor profile-expression, variation in column thickness, etc. characterized the pedogenetic features of the soils of the Fildes Peninsula.  相似文献   

How can we model subsurface stormflow at the catchment scale if we cannot measure it?     

Peter Chifflard  Theresa Blume  Katja Maerker  Luisa Hopp  Ilja van Meerveld  Thomas Graef  Oliver Gronz  Andreas Hartmann  Bernhard Kohl  Edoardo Martini  Christian Reinhardt‐Imjela  Martin Reiss  Michael Rinderer  Stefan Achleitner 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1378-1385

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