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排序方式: 共有105条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town(West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints 下载免费PDF全文
Yemeli Elida Joelle Temgoua Emile Kengni Lucas Ambrosi Jean-Paul Momo-nouazi Mathieu Silatsa-Tedou Francis Brice Wamba Franck Robean Tchakam-Kamtchueng Brice 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(3):212-224
This study focuses on the sources of alkali and alkaline-earth elements based on the geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang concerning environmental and anthropogenic constraints. A comprehensive set of 50 samples from groundwater and surface water were analyzed by ICPMS and processed by spatial interpolation in a GIS environment. The results highlight a geochemical anomaly at the center of the densely inhabited area subject to a profusion of open dumps discharges. This anomaly with the highest spatial contents of Be(Cs, Rb, Mg) suggests an anthropogenic source that demarcates with the lowest alkali and alkaline-earth elements on the peripheral area of Dschang. Other findings include lithological constraints with volcanic rocks being the main source compared to granitoid.The study points out good correlations between Be, Cs, Rb and Mg spatial distributions and physicochemical parameters of waters(K, EC, TDS), and inversely with the lowest p H. p H is established as the most functioning physico-chemical constraint of alkali and alkaline-earth mobility in Dschang. The p H lowest values within the geochemical anomaly also highlight the impact of human activities on water acidity, which later enhance elements mobility and enrichment. Despite low elements contents relative to WHO standards, our findings point out an example of anthropogenic impact on water geochemistry linked to solid waste pollution; it also demonstrates significant anthropogenic changes of environmental physicochemical parameters of prime importance in the mobility and distribution of elements in the study area.Similar assessments should be extended in major towns in Cameroon. 相似文献
2.
Tsunamigenic Earthquakes: Past and Present Milestones 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emile A. Okal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(6-7):969-995
We review a number of events which, taken individually, have significantly affected our understanding of the generation of tsunamis by earthquake sources and our efforts at mitigating their hazards, notably through the development of warning algorithms. Starting with the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, we examine how significant tsunamis have changed our views in fields as diverse as seismotectonics, the diversity of earthquake cycles, the development of warning algorithms, the response of communities at risk to warnings, and their education, the latter being either formal or rooted in ancestral heritage. We discuss in detail lessons from the 2004 Sumatra disasters and review the performance of warning centers and the response of affected populations during the nine significant tsunamis which have taken place since 2004. 相似文献
3.
Emile André 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1926,3(3-4):259-266
4.
Emile Novel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1949,11(3-4):546-550
Résumé L'eau de consommation délivrée actuellement à la population genevoise et d'une richesse en germes nettement plus élevée que
celle délivrée en 1893.
L'augmentation du nombre des microorganismes est due, avant tout, à la pollution des canalisations dans lesquelles le plancton
mort sert de substrat nutritif aux bactéries et leur permet de se multiplier dans l'eau des conduites.
Zusammenfassung Das Trinkwasser der Stadt Genf weist heute eine auffallend h?here Keimzahl auf als im Jahr 1893. Dies ist auf die Verschmutzung der Kanalisationen zurückzuführen. In ihnen finden die Bakterien im abgestorbenen Plankton ein günstiges N?hrsubstrat, so da? sie sich in den Wasserleitungen vermehren.相似文献
5.
6.
Geoffrey Blewitt William C. Hammond Corné Kreemer Hans-Peter Plag Seth Stein Emile Okal 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(3-4):335-343
We identify the key design aspects of a GPS-based system (and in the future, GNSS-based systems) that could contribute to real-time earthquake source determination and tsunami warning systems. Our approach is based on models of both transient and permanent displacement of GPS stations caused by large earthquakes, while considering the effect of GPS errors on inverted earthquake source parameters. Our main conclusions are that (1) the spatial pattern, magnitude, and timing of permanent displacement of GPS stations can be inverted for the earthquake source and so predict the 3D displacement field of the ocean bottom, thus providing the initial conditions for tsunami models, and (2) there are no inherently limiting factors arising from real-time orbit and positioning errors, provided sufficient near-field GPS stations are deployed. This signal could be readily exploited by GPS networks currently in place, and will be facilitated by the IGS Real-Time Project as it comes to fruition. 相似文献
7.
16 lines of Pr ii possibly present in the solar photospheric spectrum have been studied. When including hyperfine structure in synthetic calculations, investigations of 9 lines result in an abundance A
Pr = 0.71 ± 0.08 in the log A
H = 12.00 scale. 相似文献
8.
9.
Far-field simulation of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present hydrodynamic far-field simulations of the Aleutian tsunami of 1946 April 1, using both a dislocation source representing a slow earthquake and a dipolar one modelling a large landslide. The earthquake source is derived from the recent seismological study by López and Okal, while the landslide source was previously used to explain the exceptional run-up at Scotch Cap in the near field. The simulations are compared to a field data set previously compiled from testimonies of elderly witnesses at 27 far-field locations principally in the Austral and Marquesas Islands, with additional sites at Pitcairn, Easter and Juan Fernández. We find that the data set is modelled satisfactorily by the dislocation source, while the landslide fails to match the measured amplitudes, and to give a proper rendition of the physical interaction of the wavefield with the shore, in particular at Nuku Hiva, Marquesas. The emerging picture is that the event involved both a very slow earthquake, responsible for the far-field tsunami, and a major landslide explaining the near-field run-up, but with a negligible contribution in the far field. 相似文献
10.
M
TSU
: Recovering Seismic Moments from Tsunameter Records 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We define a new magnitude scale, MTSU, allowing the quantification of the seismic moment M0 of an earthquake based on recordings of its tsunami in the far field by ocean-bottom pressure sensors (``tsunameters') deployed
in ocean basins, far from continental or island shores which are known to affect profoundly and in a nonlinear fashion the
amplitude of the tsunami wave. The formula for MTSU, MTSU = log10 M0 − 20 = log10 X (ω) + CDTSU + CSTSU + C0, where X (ω) is the spectral amplitude of the tsunami, CDTSU a distance correction and CSTSU a source correction, is directly adapted from the mantle magnitude Mm introduced for seismic surface waves by Okal and Talandier. Like Mm, its corrections are fully justified theoretically based on the representation of a tsunami wave as a branch of the Earth's
normal modes. Even the locking constant C0, which may depend on the nature of the recording (surface amplitude of the tsunami or overpressure at the ocean floor) and
its units, is predicted theoretically. MTSU combines the power of a theoretically developed algorithm, with the robustness of a magnitude measurement that does not take
into account such parameters as focal geometry and exact depth, which may not be available under operational conditions in
the framework of tsunami warning. We verify the performance of the concept on simulations of the great 1946 Aleutian tsunami
at two virtual gauges, and then apply the algorithm to 24 records of 7 tsunamis at DART tsunameters during the years 1994–2003.
We find that MTSU generally recovers the seismic moment M0 within 0.2 logarithmic units, even under unfavorable conditions such as excessive focal depth and refraction of the tsunami
wave around continental masses. Finally, we apply the algorithm to the JASON satellite trace obtained over the Bay of Bengal
during the 2004 Sumatra tsunami, after transforming the trace into a time series through a simple ad hoc procedure. Results are surprisingly good, with most estimates of the moment being over 1029 dyn-cm, and thus identifying the source as an exceptionally large earthquake. 相似文献