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We have adapted METRONAMICA, an established cellular automata (CA) modelling system, to simulate the historical growth of a section of a large world city. Our model is tuned to reflect the morphology of land use patterns more accurately than traditional CA models, which abstract those patterns to more aggregate spatial scales. We explore the spatial determinants of land use patterns with detailed empirical data, documenting the historical growth of West London at an unusually high level of spatial and temporal resolution. The results of the study provide support for our considered speculations: (1) that the spatial relationships between land uses and the physical environment are remarkably consistent through time, showing little variation relative to changes in historical context; and (2) that these relationships constitute a basic code for urban growth which determines the spatial signature of land development in a given metropolitan area. 相似文献
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Angelina Todorova Dimiter Syrakov Georgi Gadjhev Georgi Georgiev Kostadin G. Ganev Maria Prodanova Nikolai Miloshev Valery Spiridonov Andrej Bogatchev Kiril Slavov 《Earth Science Informatics》2010,3(4):259-282
Three Grid applications from the SEE-GRID-SCI Environmental VO are developed by the Bulgarian project team: Climate Change
Impact on Air Quality (CCIAQ); Multi-scale atmospheric composition modeling (MSACM); Modeling System for Emergency Response
to the Release of Harmful Substances in the Atmosphere (MSERRHSA). The three applications concern problems of significant
socio-economic significance. They are all dedicated to air pollution studies, but address different goals and so face different
problems and requirements. The applications are briefly presented in the paper. Examples of the different applications validations
are given. Some application results are shown and commented. 相似文献
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Michael Batty Robin Morphet Paolo Masucci Kiril Stanilov 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2014,16(4):363-385
We pose the central problem of defining a measure of complexity, specifically for spatial systems in general, city systems in particular. The measures we adopt are based on Shannon’s (in Bell Syst Tech J 27:379–423, 623–656, 1948) definition of information. We introduce this measure and argue that increasing information is equivalent to increasing complexity, and we show that for spatial distributions, this involves a trade-off between the density of the distribution and the number of events that characterize it; as cities get bigger and are characterized by more events—more places or locations, information increases, all other things being equal. But sometimes the distribution changes at a faster rate than the number of events and thus information can decrease even if a city grows. We develop these ideas using various information measures. We first demonstrate their applicability to various distributions of population in London over the last 100 years, then to a wider region of London which is divided into bands of zones at increasing distances from the core, and finally to the evolution of the street system that characterizes the built-up area of London from 1786 to the present day. We conclude by arguing that we need to relate these measures to other measures of complexity, to choose a wider array of examples, and to extend the analysis to two-dimensional spatial systems. 相似文献
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Oceans and seas form a large body of water that contains a natural biodiversity. For humans,represents a resource, which makes this a point of interest, from researches to improve the economy. Seaweeds produce many compounds and secondary metabolites that can be used in different fields of industry such as food, agricultural, pharmaceutical and health. Even though seaweeds are ancestral resources, recently it was notorious a global interest in knowing more about its potentials, where biotechnology plays an important role in research. Studies showed that seaweed has many bioactive compounds beneficial to plant development, giving them a great potential as an agricultural fertilizer. Adding seaweeds to the soil provides organic matter, minerals, trace elements, growth plant regulator, metabolites, vitamins, and amino acids and it can work as a soil conditioner. In Portugal, the use of seaweeds for agriculture is important since long time ago. In the past, populations that lived near coastal zone depended on the seaweeds as a family subsistence but, throughout the years, synthetic fertilizers replaced seaweeds. Our work aimed to assess the potential of the extracts obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum and from Sargassum muticum as an agricultural fertilizer.This evaluation was carried out with rice plants(Oryza sativa) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa), in germination bioassays, the culture of rice and lettuce plants in pots, and culture of lettuce plants in hydroponics. For that, seaweed liquid extracts were used in different concentrations in different bioassays. Results show that extracts obtained from two seaweeds, A. nodosum and S. muticum, can be promissory plant biofertilizer at a concentration of 25% and had a positive effect on seed germination, plant development, and production. 相似文献
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Kiril Manevski Ioannis Manakos George P. Petropoulos Chariton Kalaitzidis 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Field spectroradiometry of land surface objects supports remote sensing analysis, facilitates the discrimination of vegetation species, and enhances the mapping efficiency. Especially in the Mediterranean, spectral discrimination of common vegetation types, such as phrygana and maquis species, remains a challenge. Both phrygana and maquis may be used as a direct indicator for grazing management, fire history and severity, and the state of the wider ecosystem equilibrium. This study aims to investigate the capability of field spectroradiometry supporting remote sensing analysis of the land cover of a characteristic Mediterranean area. Five common Mediterranean maquis and phrygana species were examined. Spectra acquisition was performed during an intensive field campaign deployed in spring 2010, supported by a novel platform MUFSPEM@MED (Mobile Unit for Field SPEctral Measurements at the MEDiterranean) for high canopy measurements. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests have been applied to the continuum-removed reflectance of the species in the visible to shortwave infrared spectral range. Interpretation of the results indicated distinct discrimination between the studied species at specific spectral regions. Statistically significant wavelengths were principally found in both the visible and the near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Spectral bands in the shortwave infrared demonstrated significant discrimination features for the examined species adapted to Mediterranean drought. All in all, results confirmed the prospect for a more accurate mapping of the species spatial distribution using remote sensing imagery coupled with in situ spectral information. 相似文献
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