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A model for studying the heat and mass exchange between the atmosphere and a water body is developed, in which the phase change process of water freezing in winter and melting in summer and the function of the convective mixing process are taken into consideration. The model uses enthalpy rather than temperature as the predictive variable. It helps to set up governing equations more concisely, to deal with the phase change process more easily, and make the numerical scheme simpler. The model is verified by observed data from Lake Kinneret for a non-frozen lake in summer time, and Lake Lower Two Medicine for a frozen lake in winter time. Reasonably good agreements between the model simulations and observed data indicate that the model can serve as a component for a water body in a land surface model. In order to more efficiently apply the scheme in a climate system model, a sensitivity study of various division schemes with less layers in the vertical direction in the water body is conducted. The results of the study show that the division with around 10 vertical layers could produce a prediction accuracy that is comparable to the fine division with around 40 layers. 相似文献
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于2018年11月和2019年5月,在江苏省盐城市滨海湿地的潮间带中,设置了9处采样地,采集了大型底栖动物样品,研究了大型底栖动物群落的分布特征和物种多样性。研究结果表明,两次采样在潮间带采样地共记录大型底栖动物74种,隶属于6门7纲24目;2018年11月,大型底栖动物群落的主要优势物种为托氏䗉螺(Umbonium thomasi)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis);2019年5月,大型底栖动物群落的主要优势物种为多齿半尖额涟虫(Hemileucon hinumensis)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)、光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)和托氏䗉螺(Umbonium thomasi);总体上,盐城潮间带大型底栖动物群落的物种多样性水平较高。 相似文献
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