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当前的地面气候观测资料普遍存在非气候性因素导致的非均一性,对气候变化监测和研究结论可靠性造成重要影响。结合观测台站的历史沿革数据,使用ACMANT和Pairwise Comparisons方法以及RHtest V4软件,对北京地区20个台站均一化前的月平均气温序列进行了非均一性检验和订正,最后评估了均一化对北京地区气温序列变化趋势及其城市化偏差估算的影响。结果表明：除元数据中记录的断点外,无元数据记录的断点也会对序列的趋势变化造成明显影响,其中乡村站最显著;经过订正,1958—2018年整个北京地区、乡村站以及城市站增温趋势分别为0.27℃/(10 a)、0.10℃/(10 a)和0.32℃/(10 a),较订正前分别上升了0.03℃/(10 a)、0.06℃/(10 a)和0.02℃/(10 a)。利用均一化资料估算,1958—2018年北京观象台的城市化影响为0.24℃/(10 a),城市化贡献率为70.2%,评估结果较前人结论有所降低。可见,在现有的北京地区气温资料序列中,仍可能存在较明显的非均一性和未被记录的断点,对区域平均气温趋势估算具有显著影响。 相似文献
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选取中国东部季风区长春、北京、武汉和广州市4个代表性城市,利用2012年9月至2014年8月和2016年1月至2017年12月共4年高密度自动站气温资料,比较了南北不同纬度带城市热岛效应（Urban Heat Island, UHI）强度的时空特征。结果表明:1）长春、北京、武汉和广州市建城区年平均UHII分别为0.96°C、1.06°C、0.91°C和0.78°C,北方城市秋、冬季多呈静稳和逆温天气,加上人为热释放量高于其他季节,UHII明显高于春夏季;而南方城市秋季“秋高气爽”,利于热岛的发生发展,冬季和夏季UHII次之,且季节间差异较小;2）4个城市热岛形成机制是一致的,均表现为夜间高于白天,清晨和午后UHII分别开始下降和上升;武汉市内水体较多,UHII日内波动幅度最大,广州市四季温和,UHII波动幅度最小;3）与南方城市比较,北方城市秋、冬季夜间高值时段长,白天低值时段短。本文揭示的南北不同气候带城市热岛强度差异,对于城市规划和城市运行管理具有实际意义。 相似文献
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Based on an in-homogeneity adjusted dataset of the monthly mean temperature, minimum and maximum temperature, this paper analyzes the temporal characteristics of Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity at Wuhan Station, and its impact on the long-term trend of surface air temperature change recorded during 1961–2015 by using an urban-rural method. Results show that UHI effect is obvious near Wuhan Station in the past 55 years, especially for minimum temperature. The strongest UHI intensity occurs in summer and the weakest in winter. For the period 1961–2004, UHI intensity undergoes a significant increase near the urban station, with the increase especially large for the period 1988–2004, but the last 10 years witness a significant decrease, with the decrease in minimum temperature being more significant than that of maximum temperature. The annual mean urban warming and its contribution to overall warming are 0.18?C/10yr and 48.8% respectively for the period 1961–2015, with a more significant and larger urbanization effect seen in Tmin than Tmax. Thus, a large proportion warming, about half of the overall increase in annual mean temperature, as observed at the urban station, can be attributed to the rapid urbanization in the past half a century. 相似文献
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