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Vertical variability and effect of stability on turbulence characteristics down to the floor of a pine forest 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
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PASI AALTO KAARLE HÄMERI EDO BECKER RODNEY WEBER JAAN SALM JYRKI M. MÄKELÄ CLAUDIA HOELL COLIN D. O'DOWD HANS KARLSSON HANS&#;CHRISTEN HANSSON MINNA VÄKEVÄ ISMO K. KOPONEN GINTAUTAS BUZORIUS MARKKU KULMALA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2001,53(4):344-358
Particle concentrations and size distributions have been measured from different heights inside and above a boreal forest during three BIOFOR campaigns (14 April–22 May 1998, 27 July–21 August 1998 and 20 March–24 April 1999) in Hyytiälä, Finland. Typically, the shape of the background distribution inside the forest exhibited 2 dominant modes: a fine or Aitken mode with a geometric number mean diameter of 44 nm and a mean concentration of 1160 cm−3 and an accumulation mode with mean diameter of 154 nm and a mean concentration of 830 cm−3 . A coarse mode was also present, extending up to sizes of 20 μm having a number concentration of 1.2 cm−3 , volume mean diameter of 2.0 μm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.9. Aerosol humidity was lower than 50% during the measurements. Particle production was observed on many days, typically occurring in the late morning. Under these periods of new particle production, a nucleation mode was observed to form at diameter of the order of 3 nm and, on most occasions, this mode was observed to grow into Aitken mode sizes over the course of a day. Total concentrations ranged from 410–45 000 cm−3 , the highest concentrations occurring on particle production days. A clear gradient was observed between particle concentrations encountered below the forest canopy and those above, with significantly lower concentrations occurring within the canopy. Above the canopy, a slight gradient was observed between 18 m and 67 m, with at maximum 5% higher concentration observed at 67 m during the strongest concentration increases. 相似文献
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MIIKKA DAL MASO LARISA SOGACHEVA PASI P. AALTO ILONA RIIPINEN MIKA KOMPPULA PETER TUNVED LAURA KORHONEN VILLE SUUR-USKI ANNE HIRSIKKO THEO KURTÉN VELI-MATTI KERMINEN HEIKKI LIHAVAINEN YRJÖ VIISANEN HANS-CHRISTEN HANSSON MARKKU KULMALA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2007,59(3):350-361
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Measurements of aerosol particle dry deposition velocity using the relaxed eddy accumulation technique 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2