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Salif Diop Aliou Guisse Claude Sene Birane Cisse Ndeye Rokhaya Diop Sokhna Di Ka Amady Gnagna Cisse Saly Sambou Ousmane Ndiaye Adand Belarmain Fandohan FU Chao WANG Guoqin WANG Yongdong 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(3):257-265
The Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) has an overall objective of fighting desert encroachment through proven practices of sustainable management of land, and the reinforcement and protection of natural resources and systems of production and transformation, while also ensuring socio-economic development of local communities through multi-purpose activity platforms. The activities described in the present study are designed to accomplish several goals: (1) generate wealth, (2) strengthen access to basic social services, (3) manage the transition to a green economy as a means of creating suitable conditions for the emergence of rural production centers, (4) integrate sustainable development in order to eradicate poverty and food insecurity, and (5) strengthen adaptation and resilience capacities of local populations. The present study was undertaken on the basis of a wide variety of available publications and documentation, including articles and scientific papers, thesis, meeting summaries and reports, concerning the implementation of the Great Green Wall Initiative/GGWI in Senegal. 相似文献
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Margaret Armstrong Aziz Ndiaye Rija Razanatsimba Alain Galli 《Mathematical Geosciences》2013,45(2):165-182
Having a large number of geostatistical simulations of a mineral or petroleum deposit provides a better idea of its upside potential and downside risk; however, large numbers of simulated realizations of a deposit may pose computational difficulties in subsequent decision-making phases. Hence, depending on the specific case, there can be a need to select a representative subset of conditionally simulated deposit realizations. This paper examines and extends an approach developed by the stochastic optimization community based on stochastic mathematical programming with recourse and is discussed here in the context of mineral deposits while it is possibly suitable for other earth science applications. The approach is based on measuring the “distance” between simulations and the introduced distance measure between simulated realizations of a mineral deposit is based on the metal above a given set of cutoff grades while a pre-existing mine design is available. The approach is tested on 100 simulations of the Walker Lake data with promising results. 相似文献
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Gregory S. Jenkins Seydi Ndiaye Moussa Gueye Rachel Fitzhugh Jonathan W. Smith Abou Kebe 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2012,69(4):273-302
During the summer (8 June through 3 September) of 2008, 9 ozone profiles are examined from Dakar, Senegal (14.75°N, 17.49°W) to investigate ozone (O3) variability in the lower/middle troposphere during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods. Results during June 2008 (pre-monsoon period) show a reduction in O3 concentrations, especially in the 850–700 hPa layer with Saharan Air Layer (SAL) events. However, O3 concentrations are increased in the 950–900 hPa layer where the peak of the inversion is found and presumably the highest dust concentrations. We also use the WRF-CHEM model to gain greater insights for observations of reduced O3 concentrations during the monsoon periods. In the transition period between 26 June and 2 July in the lower troposphere (925–600 hPa), a significant increase in O3 concentrations (10–20 ppb) occur which we suggest is caused by enhanced biogenic NOX emissions from Sahelian soils following rain events on 28 June and 1 July. The results suggest that during the pre-monsoon period ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere are controlled by the SAL, reducing ozone concentrations through heterogeneous chemical processes. At the base of the SAL we also find elevated levels of ozone, which we attribute to biogenic sources of NOX from Saharan dust that are released in the presence of moist conditions. Once the monsoon period commences, lower ozone concentrations are observed and modeled which we attribute to the dry deposition of ozone and episodes of ozone poor air that is horizontally transported into the Sahel from low latitudes by African Easterly Waves (AEWs). 相似文献
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Deanne D. Grant Jose D. Fuentes Stephen Chan William R. Stockwell Daniel Wang Seydi A. Ndiaye 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,60(1):19-35
The objectives of this study were to identify species and levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and determine their
oxidation capacity in the rural atmosphere of western Senegal. A field study was conducted to obtain air samples during September
14 and September 15, 2006 for analyses of VOCs. Methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were the most abundant detected chemical
species and their maximum mixing ratios reached 6 parts per billion on a volume basis (ppbv). Local emission sources such
as firewood and charcoal burning strongly influenced VOC concentrations. The VOC concentrations exhibited little temporal
variations due to the low reactivity with hydroxyl radicals, with reactivity values ranging from 0.001 to 2.6 s−1. The conditions in this rural site were rather clean. Low ambient NO
x
levels limited ozone production. Nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) levels reached values less than 2 ppbv and maximum VOC/NO
x
ratios reached 60 ppbvC/ppbv, with an overall average of 2.4 ± 4.5 ppbvC/ppbv. This indicates that the rural western Senegal
region is NO
x
limited in terms of oxidant formation potential. Therefore, during the study period photochemical ozone production became
limited due to low ambient NO
x
levels. The estimated ozone formation reactivity for VOCs was low and ranged between −5.5 mol of ozone/mol of benzaldehyde
to 0.6 mol/mol of anthropogenic dienes. 相似文献
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RÉSUMÉL’objectif de cet article est d’analyser à l’échelle du bassin du fleuve Sénégal l’évolution de quatre classes de précipitations journalières, le nombre de jours de pluie et la durée de la saison des pluies. La méthode consiste à appliquer des tests statistiques d’homogénéité aux séries de pluies annuelles sur la période 1950–1998 pour détecter des ruptures et caractériser l’évolution de ces six variables de part et d’autre des dates de rupture. Les séries de pluie annuelle présentent une rupture entre 1966 et 1970. Les déficits de jours pluvieux de la période après rupture par rapport à celle d’avant varient entre 6,2% à Kédougou et 38,6% à Saint Louis. La classe de pluie de plus de 50 mm (P4) présente les déficits les plus importants qui varient entre 14,8% à la station de Mamou et 66,6% à la station de Nioro du Sahel. 相似文献
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Aurèle Vuillemin Mapathe Ndiaye Rossana Martini Eric Davaud 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2011,104(1):55-66
Cement stratigraphy of carbonates aims to establish the chronology of processes involved in the rock diagenesis. Regional
cement stratigraphy allows correlations and understanding of the petrological heterogeneities in reservoirs and aquifers,
but is a long and rigorous approach. This article exposes a methodology of image analysis that facilitates the spatial correlation
of diagenetic events in carbonate rocks. Based on the statistical comparison of signals extracted from the red spectrum emission
of cathodoluminescence digital images, it gives via crosscorrelation a measure of similarity (values scaled from minimum −1
to maximum 1) between two cathodoluminescence facies. Cementation events and diagenetic chronologies can thus be quickly correlated
without the support of a full chronology, the model normally established on cement morphologies, petrological analyses and
cathodoluminescence zonation sequences. A case study from two Upper Kimmeridgian Mount Salève outcrops (France) illustrates
this methodology. Their diagenetic sequences recorded in cathodoluminescent cements are presented and being compared. The
final statistical similarity between the two outcrops reaches an index of R = 0.78. This result is sustained by petrological and geochemical analyses such as alizarine–ferricyanure stained thin sections,
X microfluorescence mapping of elements, and microthermometry of fluid inclusions. 相似文献
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K. Diouf F. Guilhaumon C. Aliaume P. Ndiaye T. Do Chi J. Panfili 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
The knowledge of juvenile fish growth in extreme environmental conditions is a key to the understanding of adaptive responses and to the relevant management of natural populations. The juvenile growth of an extreme euryhaline tilapia species, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Cichlidae), was examined across a salinity gradient (20–118) in several West African estuarine ecosystems. Juveniles were collected during the reproduction period of two consecutive years (2003 and 2004) in six locations in the Saloum (Senegal) and Gambia estuaries. Age and growth were estimated using daily otolith microincrements. For each individual, otolith growth rates showed three different stages (slow, fast, decreasing): around 4 ± 0.5 μm d−1 during the first five days, 9 ± 0.5 μm d−1 during the next 15 days and 4 ± 0.50 μm d−1 at 60 days. Growth modelling and model comparisons were objectively made within an information theory framework using the multi-model inference from five growth models (linear, power, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy, and logistic). The combination of both the model adjustment inspection and the information theory model selection procedure allowed identification of the final set of models, including the less parameterised ones. The estimated growth rates were variable across spatial scales but not across temporal scales (except for one location), following exactly the salinity gradient with growth decrease towards the hypersaline conditions. The salinity gradient was closely related to all measured variables (condition factor, mean age, multi-model absolute growth rate) demonstrating the strong effect of hypersaline environmental conditions—induced by climate changes—on fish populations at an early stage. 相似文献
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Allometric relationships and peak-season community biomass stocks of native shrubs in Senegal's Peanut Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Lufafa I. Diédhiou N.A.S. Ndiaye M. Séné F. Kizito R.P. Dick J.S. Noller 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(3):260-266
Allometric equations and community biomass stocks are presented for Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Gs) and Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst (Pr) – two native shrub species in the Sahel. These shrubs are of interest because they dominate semi-arid sub-Sahalien Africa but have been largely overlooked as a key biomass component and regulator of ecosystem composition and function in this landscape. In Year 1, best predictors of aboveground biomass were height and number of stems (Gs) and crown diameter (Pr); and for belowground biomass were height and basal diameter (Gs) and basal diameter (Pr). In Year 2, height and crown diameter were the best predictors of aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.90 for Gs and 0.87 for Pr), whereas basal diameter and number of stems (Gs) and basal diameter (Pr) were best predictors of belowground biomass. Peak-season biomass estimates ranged from 0.44 to 4.58 ton ha?1 (mean = 2.38 ton ha?1) in the Gs sites and from 0.33 to 7.38 ton ha?1 (mean = 3.71 ton ha?1) in the Pr communities. Both species exhibited unusually large root:shoot ratios (4.5:1 for Gs and 10.2:1 for Pr). Although models differ between years, allometric relationships provide reasonable biomass estimates for Gs and Pr. 相似文献
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