岩溶塌陷形成机理探讨     

谭鉴益  覃新丹  蔡峰 《南方国土资源》1992,(2)

本文从岩溶塌陷形成过程、主要条件、影响塌陷的自然及人为因素。土层崩解剥落、地质营力、作用力等方面对塌陷形成机理进行探讨。认为:岩溶空腔→土洞→塌陷是岩溶塌陷形成过程的基本规律:在覆盖型岩溶区,只要存在着开放的岩溶空腔,岩溶塌陷是不可避免的,它是自然因素的产物,人类活动则加速了其进程。  相似文献   

森林资源空间数据更新模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高心丹  谭跃 《地球信息科学学报》2013,(4):518-526

森林资源小班是森林资源二类调查、统计和经营、管理的基本单位,通过研究其变化的形式和影响其变化的因素,得到的结果可以适用于整个森林资源空间数据。本文依据小班对象的空间变化和属性变化,将其变化归纳为8种基本变化类型。对传统基态修正模型查询速率低下的问题予以解决:使用动态多级索引的方法进行模型的改进,同时,用面向对象的方法对小班空间数据更新的时空信息进行描述,构建了基于版本的多基态修正扩展时空数据模型(VBMBSEA-STDM),很大程度上提高了二类调查数据的准确性和更新速率,更加有利于实现历史查询和分析。在研究的基础上,通过GIS分析凉水实验林场1999年和2009年小班调查数据,得出小班数据的具体变化形式,构建森林资源空间数据更新时空模型,实现历史比较和回溯。  相似文献   

Improvements of the coupled WRF-Lake model over Lake Nam Co,Central Tibetan Plateau     

Wu  Yang  Huang  Anning  Lazhu  Yang  Xianyu  Qiu  Bo  Wen  Lijuan  Zhang  Zhiqi  Fu  Zhipeng  Zhu  Xueyan  Zhang  Xindan  Cai  Shuxin  Tang  Yong 《Climate Dynamics》2020,55(9-10):2703-2724

A series of model sensitivity simulations are carried out to calibrate and improve the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with a one-dimensional lake model (WRF-Lake) based on observations over Lake Nam Co. Using the default lake model parameters, the solution of WRF-Lake exhibits significant biases in both the lake thermodynamics and regional climatology, i.e., higher lake surface temperature (LST), earlier onset of summer thermal stratification, and overestimated near-surface air temperature and precipitation induced by the lake’s excessive warming and moistening impacts. The performance of WRF-Lake is improved through adjusting the initial lake temperature profile, the temperature of maximum water density (Tdmax), the surface roughness length, and the light extinction coefficient. Results show that initializing the water temperature with spring observation mitigates the LST overestimation and reduces the timing error of the onset of thermal stratification. By further adjusting Tdmax from 4 °C to the observed value of 3.5 °C, the LST increase from June to mid-July is enhanced and the buildup of thermal stratification is more accurately predicted. Through incorporating the parameterized surface roughness length and decreasing the light extinction coefficient, the model better reproduces the observed daily evolution of LST and vertical lake temperature profile. The calibrated WRF-Lake effectively mitigates the overestimation of over-lake air temperature at 2 m height and precipitation over regions downwind the lake. This suggests that an improved lake scheme within the coupled WRF-Lake is essential for realistically simulating the lake–air interactions and the regional climate over the lake-rich Tibetan Plateau.

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