Resistance of Enzymes to Ionizing Radiation under Model Conditions of the Martian Regolith     

Cheptsov  V. S.  Belov  A. A.  Vorobyova  E. A.  Pavlov  A. K.  Tsurkov  D. A.  Frolov  D. A.  Lomasov  V. N.  Chumikov  A. E. 《Solar System Research》2021,55(5):383-388

Solar System Research - Ionizing radiation is one of the main factors that destroy biomolecules in extraterrestrial conditions. The effects of radiation depend on the conditions of the exposure...  相似文献   

Main Properties of Forbush Effects Related to High-Speed Streams from Coronal Holes     

A. A. Melkumyan  A. V. Belov  M. A. Abunina  A. A. Abunin  E. A. Eroshenko  V. A. Oleneva  V. G. Yanke 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(2):154-168

The IZMIRAN database of Forbush effects and interplanetary disturbances was used to study features of the action of high-speed solar wind streams from coronal holes on cosmic rays. Three hundred and fifty Forbush effects created by coronal holes without other actions were distinguished. The mean values and distributions have been found for different characteristics of events from this group and compared with all Forbush effects and Forbush effects caused by coronal ejections. Despite the great differences in high-speed streams from coronal holes, this group turned out to be more compact and uniform as compared to events related to coronal ejections. Regression dependences and correlation relations between different parameters of events for the studied groups have been obtained. It has been shown that Forbush effects caused by coronal ejections depend considerably more strongly on the characteristics of interplanetary disturbances as compared to Forbush effects related to coronal holes. This suggests a significant difference between the modulation mechanisms of Forbush effects of different types and corroborates earlier conclusions based on indirect data.  相似文献   

The Global Survey Method Applied to Ground-level Cosmic Ray Measurements     

A. Belov  E. Eroshenko  V. Yanke  V. Oleneva  A. Abunin  M. Abunina  A. Papaioannou  H. Mavromichalaki 《Solar physics》2018,293(4):68

The global survey method (GSM) technique unites simultaneous ground-level observations of cosmic rays in different locations and allows us to obtain the main characteristics of cosmic-ray variations outside of the atmosphere and magnetosphere of Earth. This technique has been developed and applied in numerous studies over many years by the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation (IZMIRAN). We here describe the IZMIRAN version of the GSM in detail. With this technique, the hourly data of the world-wide neutron-monitor network from July 1957 until December 2016 were processed, and further processing is enabled upon the receipt of new data. The result is a database of homogeneous and continuous hourly characteristics of the density variations (an isotropic part of the intensity) and the 3D vector of the cosmic-ray anisotropy. It includes all of the effects that could be identified in galactic cosmic-ray variations that were caused by large-scale disturbances of the interplanetary medium in more than 50 years. These results in turn became the basis for a database on Forbush effects and interplanetary disturbances. This database allows correlating various space-environment parameters (the characteristics of the Sun, the solar wind, et cetera) with cosmic-ray parameters and studying their interrelations. We also present features of the coupling coefficients for different neutron monitors that enable us to make a connection from ground-level measurements to primary cosmic-ray variations outside the atmosphere and the magnetosphere. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the current version of the GSM as well as further possible developments and improvements. The method developed allows us to minimize the problems of the neutron-monitor network, which are typical for experimental physics, and to considerably enhance its advantages.  相似文献   

Parameters of the Geomagnetic Activity,Thermosphere, and Ionosphere for the Ultimately Intense Magnetic Storm     

M. G. Deminov  A. V. Belov  E. V. Nepomnyashchaya  V. N. Obridko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(4):501-508

Equations of regression are derived for the intense magnetic storms of 1957?2016. They reflect the nonlinear relation between Dst_min and the effective index of geomagnetic activity Ap(τ) with a timeweighted factor τ. Based on this and on known estimations of the upper limit of the magnetic storm intensity (Dst_min =–2500 nT), the maximal possible value Ap(τ)_max ~ 1000 nT is obtained. This makes it possible to obtain initial estimates of the upper limit of variations in some parameters of the thermosphere and ionosphere that are due to geomagnetic activity. It is found, in particular, that the upper limit of an increase in the thermospheric density is seven to eight times larger than for the storm in March 1989, which was the most intense for the entire space era. The maximum possible amplitude of the negative phase of the ionospheric storm in the number density of the F₂-layer maximum at midlatitudes is nearly six times higher than for the March 1989 storm. The upper limit of the F₂-layer rise in this phase of the ionospheric storm is also considerable. Based on qualitative analysis, it is found that the F₂-layer maximum in daytime hours at midlatitudes for these limiting conditions is not pronounced and even may be unresolved in the experiment, i.e., above the F₁-layer maximum, the electron number density may smoothly decrease with height up to the upper boundary of the plasmasphere.  相似文献   

Ring of Station Method in Research of Cosmic Ray Variations: 1. General Description     

Abunina  M. A.  Belov  A. V.  Eroshenko  E. A.  Abunin  A. A.  Oleneva  V. A.  Yanke  V. G.  Melkumyan  A. A. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2020,60(1):38-45

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - For over 60 years, neutron monitors have remained the main standard, stable instrument for the measurement of cosmic rays with energies from 400 MeV to hundreds of GeV....  相似文献   

Solar Activity Parameters and Associated Forbush Decreases During the Minimum Between Cycles 23 and 24 and the Ascending Phase of Cycle 24     

D. Lingri  H. Mavromichalaki  A. Belov  E. Eroshenko  V. Yanke  A. Abunin  M. Abunina 《Solar physics》2016,291(3):1025-1041

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Effect of snow in cosmic ray variations and methods for taking it into consideration     

V. K. Korotkov  M. D. Berkova  A. V. Belov  E. A. Eroshenko  P. G. Kobelev  V. G. Yanke 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(2):247-253

This paper describes a method, which makes it possible to eliminate the effect of snow cover from the neutron component of secondary cosmic radiation. For many circumpolar, high-latitude, and mountain stations, where cosmic rays are continuously registered, it is exclusively important to take the presence of snow into consideration. Comparisons are made for manual and automated measurements, which are corrected for the snow effect based on the developed algorithm. The described method was tested for a number of cosmic ray stations where considerable snow masses are accumulated during the winter period near or above a detector: Magadan, Mount Hermon, Jungfraujoch, and Nain.  相似文献   

A space-based decametric wavelength radio telescope concept     

K. Belov  A. Branch  S. Broschart  J. Castillo-Rogez  S. Chien  L. Clare  R. Dengler  J. Gao  D. Garza  A. Hegedus  S. Hernandez  S. Herzig  T. Imken  H. Kim  S. Mandutianu  A. Romero-Wolf  S. Schaffer  M. Troesch  E. J. Wyatt  J. Lazio 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,46(2):241-284

This paper reports a design study for a space-based decametric wavelength telescope. While not a new concept, this design study focused on many of the operational aspects that would be required for an actual mission. This design optimized the number of spacecraft to insure good visibility of approx. 80% of the radio galaxies– the primary science target for the mission. A 5,000 km lunar orbit was selected to guarantee minimal gravitational perturbations from Earth and lower radio interference. Optimal schemes for data downlink, spacecraft ranging, and power consumption were identified. An optimal mission duration of 1 year was chosen based on science goals, payload complexity, and other factors. Finally, preliminary simulations showing image reconstruction were conducted to confirm viability of the mission. This work is intended to show the viability and science benefits of conducting multi-spacecraft networked radio astronomy missions in the next few years.  相似文献   

Cosmic Rays near Proxima Centauri b     

A.?M.?SadovskiEmail author  A.?B.?Struminsky  A.?Belov 《Astronomy Letters》2018,44(5):324-330

The discovery of a terrestrial planet orbiting Proxima Centauri has led to a lot of papers discussing the possible conditions on this planet. Since the main factors determining space weather in the Solar System are the solar wind and cosmic rays (CRs), it seems important to understand what the parameters of the stellar wind, Galactic and stellar CRs near exoplanets are. Based on the available data, we present our estimates of the stellar wind velocity and density, the possible CR fluxes and fluences near Proxima b. We have found that there are virtually no Galactic CRs near the orbit of Proxima b up to particle energies ~1 TeV due to their modulation by the stellar wind. Nevertheless, more powerful and frequent flares on Proxima Centauri than those on the Sun can accelerate particles to maximum energies ~3150αβ GeV (α, β < 1). Therefore, the intensity of stellar CRs in the astrosphere may turn out to be comparable to the intensity of low-energy CRs in the heliosphere.  相似文献   

Strong-Earthquake-Prone Areas Recognition Based on an Algorithm with a Single Pure Training Class: I. Altai–Sayan–Baikal Region, М ≥ 6.0     

Dzeboev  B. A.  Gvishiani  A. D.  Belov  I. O.  Agayan  S. M.  Tatarinov  V. N.  Barykina  Yu. V. 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2019,55(4):563-575

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - A new version of the Barrier algorithm is proposed for recognition of strong-earthquake prone regions based on training over a single reliable training...  相似文献