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Declan G. De Paor 《Tectonophysics》1981,72(1-2)
The analysis presented in the discussion is statistically invalid. 相似文献
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Declan G. De Paor 《Tectonophysics》1981,76(3-4)
Finite homogeneous strain may be deduced from the spatial distribution of initially uniformly oriented lines or planes in a rock, as recorded in a pole figure or petrofabric diagram. This paper presents a new analytic technique which is simple and rapid in practical application. 相似文献
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Martin Füllekrug Declan Diver Jean-Louis Pinçon Alan D. R. Phelps Anne Bourdon Christiane Helling Elisabeth Blanc Farideh Honary R. Giles Harrison Jean-André Sauvaud Jean-Baptiste Renard Mark Lester Michael Rycroft Mike Kosch Richard B. Horne Serge Soula Stéphane Gaffet 《Surveys in Geophysics》2013,34(1):1-41
The French government has committed to launch the satellite TARANIS to study transient coupling processes between the Earth’s atmosphere and near-Earth space. The prime objective of TARANIS is to detect energetic charged particles and hard radiation emanating from thunderclouds. The British Nobel prize winner C.T.R. Wilson predicted lightning discharges from the top of thunderclouds into space almost a century ago. However, new experiments have only recently confirmed energetic discharge processes which transfer energy from the top of thunderclouds into the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space; they are now denoted as transient luminous events, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and relativistic electron beams. This meeting report builds on the current state of scientific knowledge on the physics of plasmas in the laboratory and naturally occurring plasmas in the Earth’s atmosphere to propose areas of future research. The report specifically reflects presentations delivered by the members of a novel Franco-British collaboration during a meeting at the French Embassy in London held in November 2011. The scientific subjects of the report tackle ionization processes leading to electrical discharge processes, observations of transient luminous events, electromagnetic emissions, energetic charged particles and their impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. The importance of future research in this area for science and society, and towards spacecraft protection, is emphasized. 相似文献
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1961-2004年宁夏极端气温变化趋势分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用1961-2004年宁夏逐日最高、最低气温资料,分析了宁夏44 a来最高、最低气温的变化趋势。结果表明：宁夏的最高、最低气温表现出了明显的变化趋势,最高气温＜0℃的日数减少,＞30℃的日数增加;在年平均最低气温升高的同时,极冷日数也在增加,相对于1961-1990年的平均值,20世纪90年代和21世纪最初的4 a年极冷日数分别增加了1.1 d和0.7 d,距平百分率分别达350%和275%。 相似文献
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Christiane Helling R. Giles Harrison Farideh Honary Declan A. Diver Karen Aplin Ian Dobbs-Dixon Ute Ebert Shu-ichiro Inutsuka Francisco J. Gordillo-Vazquez Stuart Littlefair 《Surveys in Geophysics》2016,37(4):705-756
Detailed observations of the solar system planets reveal a wide variety of local atmospheric conditions. Astronomical observations have revealed a variety of extrasolar planets none of which resembles any of the solar system planets in full. Instead, the most massive amongst the extrasolar planets, the gas giants, appear very similar to the class of (young) brown dwarfs which are amongst the oldest objects in the Universe. Despite this diversity, solar system planets, extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs have broadly similar global temperatures between 300 and 2500 K. In consequence, clouds of different chemical species form in their atmospheres. While the details of these clouds differ, the fundamental physical processes are the same. Further to this, all these objects were observed to produce radio and X-ray emissions. While both kinds of radiation are well studied on Earth and to a lesser extent on the solar system planets, the occurrence of emissions that potentially originate from accelerated electrons on brown dwarfs, extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks is not well understood yet. This paper offers an interdisciplinary view on electrification processes and their feedback on their hosting environment in meteorology, volcanology, planetology and research on extrasolar planets and planet formation. 相似文献
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We describe an archive of high-precision MDI flat fields that can be used to refine most MDI high-resolution continuum data.
The archive consists of many flat-field images representing different time ranges over the full operating period of SOHO.
The residual flat-field error on the standard level 1.5/1.8 calibrated continuum images represents a significant proportion
(25% – 100%) of the true data variation data on the quiet sun. Using the flat fields in this archive will reduce that error
by a factor of 10 – 30, greatly increasing the accuracy of any tracking or photometric operations. The access, use and accuracy
of these flat fields are described in this paper. 相似文献
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The impact of land use change on soil water holding capacity and river flow modelling in the Nakambe River, Burkina-Faso 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Gil Mahe Jean-Emmanuel Paturel Eric Servat Declan Conway Alain Dezetter 《Journal of Hydrology》2005,300(1-4):33-43
The annual hydrological regime of the Nakambe River shows substantial changes during the period 1955–1998 with a shift occurring around 1970. From 1970 to the mid-1990s, despite a reduction in rainfall and an increase in the number of dams in the basin, average runoff and maximum daily discharges increased. This paper reviews the hydrological behaviour of the Nakambe River from 1955 to 1998 and examines the potential role of land use change on soil water holding capacity (WHC) in producing the counter-intuitive change in runoff observed after 1970. We compare the results of two monthly hydrological models using different rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and WHC data sets. Model simulations with soil WHC values modified over time based upon historical maps of land use, are compared against simulations with a constant value for WHC. The extent of natural vegetation declined from 43 to 13% of the total basin area between 1965 and 1995, whilst the cultivated areas increased from 53 to 76% and the area of bare soil nearly tripled from 4 to 11%. The total reduction in WHC is estimated to range from 33 to 62% depending on the method used, either considering that the WHC values given by the FAO stand for the environmental situation in 1965 or before. There is a marked improvement in river flow simulation using the time-varying values of soil WHC. The paper ends with a discussion of the role of other factors such as surface runoff processes and groundwater trends in explaining the hydrological behaviour of the Nakambe River. 相似文献
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Since their introduction to the geological literature by Brace (1959, 1960, 1961), Mohr circles for large irrotational deformations have proved valuable as aids to our understanding of deformation geometry. However, confusion persists regarding sign conventions. We show that there are two basic kinds of Mohr circles, each with its distinct set of sign conventions. These two divisions, which we call Mohr circles of the First and Second Kind, are not merely reflections of one another in Mohr space. They represent two distinct aspects of the relationship between the space of tensor components (Mohr space) and the space of geological structures (geographical space). The distinction between Mohr circles of the First and Second Kind is critical when the circles are drawn in off-axis positions for asymmetric tensors. Constructions in Mohr space are described which correspond to various standard tensor operations including transposition, inversion, addition and various kinds of multiplication. For some of these operations Mohr circles of one kind or the other offer advantages. 相似文献
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