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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
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Anna Zacharioudaki Shunqi Pan Dave Simmonds Vanesa Magar Dominic E. Reeve 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(6):807-827
In this paper, we investigate changes in the wave climate of the west-European shelf seas under global warming scenarios.
In particular, climate change wind fields corresponding to the present (control) time-slice 1961–2000 and the future (scenario)
time-slice 2061–2100 are used to drive a wave generation model to produce equivalent control and scenario wave climate. Yearly
and seasonal statistics of the scenario wave climates are compared individually to the corresponding control wave climate
to identify relative changes of statistical significance between present and future extreme and prevailing wave heights. Using
global, regional and linked global–regional wind forcing over a set of nested computational domains, this paper further demonstrates
the sensitivity of the results to the resolution and coverage of the forcing. It suggests that the use of combined forcing
from linked global and regional climate models of typical resolution and coverage is a good option for the investigation of
relative wave changes in the region of interest of this study. Coarse resolution global forcing alone leads to very similar
results over regions that are highly exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, fine resolution regional forcing alone is
shown to be insufficient for exploring wave climate changes over the western European waters because of its limited coverage.
Results obtained with the combined global–regional wind forcing showed some consistency between scenarios. In general, it
was shown that mean and extreme wave heights will increase in the future only in winter and only in the southwest of UK and
west of France, north of about 44–45° N. Otherwise, wave heights are projected to decrease, especially in summer. Nevertheless,
this decrease is dominated by local wind waves whilst swell is found to increase. Only in spring do both swell and local wind
waves decrease in average height. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new framework for probabilistic modelling of long-term beach evolution in the vicinity of detached breakwaters. The study focuses on the key physical processes contributing to beach variability over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Based on a one-line model, the framework is enhanced with sophisticated solutions for beach-wave-structure interaction, diffraction together with a treatment of varying tide level. The sediment transport rate is calibrated at regional and local levels using data from bespoke field campaigns and site-specific coefficients are proposed. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted for long-term shoreline simulation under a sequence of time varying sequence of waves, currents and tidal levels. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation give an insight into the statistical characteristics of beach behaviour within the defence system. In particular, regions within the scheme that are relatively stable and those that exhibit greater natural fluctuations are identified. 相似文献
4.
Beach profiles have been observed to change over a range of spatial and temporal scales; however techniques for quantifying this variability have not been fully established. In this paper, a wavelet technique is introduced as a method to study the multi-scale variability of beach profiles. The beach profile data comprising a 22-year time series surveyed at the US Army Corps of Civil Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) at Duck are analysed using the adapted maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (AMODWT). The analysis successfully identifies strong local features in the variability of beach profiles in time and space separately that cannot be isolated by traditional statistical methods. The analysis of spatial wavelet variances provides a new means of investigating the depth of closure. Analysis of variances by temporal scales shows that the combined effects of several temporal scales with one or two dominant scales can be seen at particular points across profiles whilst the dominant temporal scales are different at different portions of the profiles. The method allows for the extremely nonstationary behaviour of beach profile to be analysed into separate frequency bands that can facilitate the interpretation of morphological changes in terms of physical processes. 相似文献
5.
Automated threshold selection methods for extreme wave analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The study of the extreme values of a variable such as wave height is very important in flood risk assessment and coastal design. Often values above a sufficiently large threshold can be modelled using the Generalized Pareto Distribution, the parameters of which are estimated using maximum likelihood. There are several popular empirical techniques for choosing a suitable threshold, but these require the subjective interpretation of plots by the user.In this paper we present a pragmatic automated, simple and computationally inexpensive threshold selection method based on the distribution of the difference of parameter estimates when the threshold is changed, and apply it to a published rainfall and a new wave height data set. We assess the effect of the uncertainty associated with our threshold selection technique on return level estimation by using the bootstrap procedure. We illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology by a simulation study and compare it with the approach used in the JOINSEA software. In addition, we present an extension that allows the threshold selected to depend on the value of a covariate such as the cosine of wave direction. 相似文献
6.
Statistical analysis and forecasts of long-term sandbank evolution at Great Yarmouth, UK 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Dominic E. Reeve Jos M. Horrillo-Caraballo Vanesa Magar 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):387-399
A data-driven model has been developed to analyse the long-term evolution of a sandbank system and to make ensemble predictions in a period of 8 years. The method uses a combination of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, (to define spatial and temporal patterns of variability), jack-knife resampling, (to generate an ensemble of EOFs), a causal auto-regression technique, (to extrapolate the temporal eigenfunctions), and straightforward statistical analysis of the resulting ensemble of predictions to determine a ‘forecast’ and associated uncertainty. The methodology has been applied to a very demanding site which includes a curved shoreline and a group of mobile nearshore sandbanks. The site is on the eastern coast of the UK and includes the Great Yarmouth sandbanks and neighbouring shoreline. A sequence of 33 high quality historical survey charts reaching back to 1848 have been used to analyse the patterns and to predict morphological evolution of the sandbank system. The forecasts demonstrate an improved skill relative to an assumption of persistence, but suffer in locations where there are propagating features in the morphology that are not well-described by EOFs. 相似文献
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This paper is part of a larger community health study aimed at delineating the determinants of health in Sarnia. The paper
specifically investigates Sarnia residents’ daily lived experiences, perceptions of and responses to living within the St.
Clair River “Area of Concern” (AOC) as designated by the federal government based on the hypothesis that relatively high levels
of environmental pollution in the region are negatively influencing human health. Results from in-depth interviews (N = 27) show that residents of Sarnia are conflicted by the elevation of awareness about environmental health threats by being
labelled within an AOC. Residents use their emotional and sensual experiences to adopt appropriate coping strategies to live
within a contaminated community. In contextualizing their everyday lived realities, residents argued that living in an AOC
demands personal acceptance of the conditions in Sarnia and awareness of “bad air days” to cope with pollution exposure. Yet,
residents were not willing to abandon Sarnia because of their cultural, social, and economical attachments to the place they
call home. These findings suggest the need for local health policies that incorporate local concerns and perceptions of how
environmental pollution affects people’s experiences and well-being. There is a necessity to involve community members as
central participants in the process of policy making. 相似文献