A biodiversity evaluation framework for restoration of aquatic macrophyte communities in shallow lakes driven by hydrological process management     

Shuhan Li  Tao Sun  Wei Yang  Baoshan Cui  Xinan Yin 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13983

Macrophyte community diversity and composition respond to ecosystem conservation and local environmental factors. In this study, we developed a multidimensional diversity framework for macrophyte communities, including the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity. We used the framework to explore the relationships among water level regimes and these diversity parameters in a case study of China's Baiyangdian Lake. Analysis of indicators of hydrologic alteration divided the water level from 1959 to 2019 into four regimes (dry, <6.42 m; low, 6.42–7.23 m; medium, 7.23–8.19 m; high, >8.19 m). Alpha and beta diversity were significantly higher in the medium regime than in the low and high regimes. Redundancy analysis indicated that the maximum water depth significantly affected taxonomic alpha diversity, and total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration significantly affected functional alpha diversity, respectively. Mantel tests showed that TN, Secchi depth (SD), and water depth in the high water level regime significantly increased the total beta diversity and turnover components. TN was the main factor that increased total taxonomic beta diversity. Water level regime mainly influenced interspecific relationships by changing the TN and COD concentration. The water level should be maintained between the medium and high water level regimes to promote restoration of the macrophyte community and improve ecosystem stability. The biodiversity evaluation framework would provide a deeper insight into the hydrological process management for restoration of aquatic macrophyte communities in shallow lakes.  相似文献   

How soil texture,channel shape and cross-sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels     

Zhifan Mu  Tianxiao Li  Dong Liu  Qiang Fu  Renjie Hou  Qinglin Li  Yi Ji  Song Cui  Mo Li 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14155

To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R² values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross-sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS-3D software was used to solve the three-dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U-shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U-shaped channel with a small channel cross-sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS-3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems.  相似文献   

Trends and risk evolution of drought disasters in Tibet Region,China     

Chen  Qiong  Liu  Fenggui  Chen  Ruijie  Zhao  Zhilong  Zhang  Yili  Cui  Peng  Zheng  Du 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(11):1859-1875

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The risk posed by natural disasters can be largely reflected by hazard and vulnerability. The analysis of long-term hazard series can reveal the mechanisms by...  相似文献   

遥感技术在“6·17”丹巴堵江泥石流灾害链灾区应急救援抢险决策中的应用     

唐尧  王立娟  赵娟  张成信 《中国地质调查》2020,7(5):114-122

2020年6月17日,四川丹巴县半扇门镇梅龙沟发生泥石流,阻断小金川河,形成堰塞湖,造成重大财产损失与人员伤亡。为掌握第一手灾情,辅助开展应急救援,以国产高分二号卫星数据为主要数据源,结合无人机航空摄影数据和灾后现场调查等资料,开展了“6·17”丹巴堵江泥石流灾害链灾区应急调查与分析。研究认为: 灾区影响人口约6.5万人; 国网丹巴县供电公司应急救援队与小金县联通通信应急抢险救援队距离最近,半扇门中学等5所学校可作为临时安置避难场所备选; 受影响矿山企业6家、重要水库1座、水电站1座; 泥石流沟总体呈NW—SE向展布,掩没面积约14.27万m²; 堰塞湖湖面面积约1.03 km²,淹没区约49.8万m²,路基路面全毁路段约2.1 km,下游疑似灾害隐患点9处,因灾受损民居25处、桥梁5处; 优选了2条灾后通达性较好的通往泥石流重灾区的救援生命线。借助遥感技术深入分析泥石流灾害链影响人口等灾情先期研判、灾情灾损应急调查及应急救援生命通道优选,对我国西南山区类似条件地质灾害隐患点的应急抢险救援、防灾减灾工作具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

四川盆地广安地区中二叠统栖霞组岩石特征与沉积环境     

易海永  崔宝琛  王瑶琳  邱玉超  徐胜林  李乾 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):454-464

四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组勘探发现系列油气，资源潜力巨大。但广安地区中二叠统栖霞组的岩石学特征及沉积环境研究薄弱。在野外地质调查的基础上，结合室内岩石学、岩相学等综合分析，对广安地区栖霞组碳酸盐岩岩石特征、沉积相类型及其古地理展布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明：广安地区栖霞组主要发育亮晶颗粒灰岩、亮晶生物碎屑灰岩、微晶生物碎屑灰岩、微晶颗粒灰岩、生物碎屑微晶灰岩、含生物碎屑微晶灰岩和泥晶灰岩7种岩石类型；碳酸盐岩颗粒主要以生物碎屑为主，部分层位发育球粒；古生物化石以三叶虫、腕足和有孔虫为主，同时可见棘皮类和藻类；栖霞组沉积期主要为碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境，其中栖霞组晚期（栖二段）台缘滩和台内滩较为发育，为该区油气成藏提供了有利条件。  相似文献   

2017-08-09新疆精河Ms6.6地震附近区域相对应变的变化分析     

高丽娟  邢喜民  高歌  李尚伟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(10):1002-1006

2017年精河M_S6.6地震震前，尼勒克、巴伦台和小泉沟台钻孔应变仪记录到显著的应变变化，经现场落实确认，异常是可靠的。根据这3个台的记录资料计算相对应变的变化，结果表明，地震前最大（小）主应变大小和方向分别出现明显加速和急剧偏转变化。此外还发现，相对应变场异常期间主方向与震源机制解P轴方位较为一致。  相似文献   

不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟     

李晓烨  王克俭  谷建才  刘启国  崔严 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):118-125

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型，可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验，在11 m·s^-1风速下，对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定，采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions），构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优，可决系数（R²）均在98%以上；SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型，风速为11 m·s^-1左右时，林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势；5种株行距的林带中，株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。  相似文献   

A two-surface thermomechanical plasticity model considering thermal cyclic behavior     

Cheng  Wei  Chen  Ren-peng  Hong  Peng-yun  Cui  Yu-jun  Pereira  Jean-Michel 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(10):2741-2755

In thermal-related engineering such as thermal energy structures and nuclear waste disposal, it is essential to well understand volume change and excess pore water pressure buildup of soils under thermal cycles. However, most existing thermo-mechanical models can merely simulate one heating–cooling cycle and fail in capturing accumulation phenomenon due to multiple thermal cycles. In this study, a two-surface elasto-plastic model considering thermal cyclic behavior is proposed. This model is based on the bounding surface plasticity and progressive plasticity by introducing two yield surfaces and two loading yield limits. A dependency law is proposed by linking two loading yield limits with a thermal accumulation parameter n_c, allowing the thermal cyclic behavior to be taken into account. Parameter n_c controls the evolution rate of the inner loading yield limit approaching the loading yield limit following a thermal loading path. By extending the thermo-hydro-mechanical equations into the elastic–plastic state, the excess pore water pressure buildup of soil due to thermal cycles is also accounted. Then, thermal cycle tests on four fine-grained soils (natural Boom clay, Geneva clay, Bonny silt, and reconstituted Pontida clay) under different OCRs and stresses are simulated and compared. The results show that the proposed model can well describe both strain accumulation phenomenon and excess pore water pressure buildup of fine-grained soils under the effect of thermal cycles.

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Groundwater Microbial Communities Along a Generalized Flowpath in Nomhon Area,Qaidam Basin,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yizhi Sheng  Guangcai Wang  Dan Zhao  Chunbo Hao  Chenglong Liu  Linfeng Cui  Ge Zhang 《Ground water》2018,56(5):719-731

Spatial distribution (horizonal and vertical) of groundwater microbial communities and the hydrogeochemistry in confined aquifers were studied approximately along the groundwater flow path from coteau to plain in the Nomhon area, Qinghai‐Tibet plateau, China. The confined groundwater samples at different depths and locations were collected in three boreholes through a hydrogeological section in this arid and semi‐arid area. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes and multivariate statistical analysis were used to elucidate similarities and differences between groundwater microbial communities and hydrogeochemical properties. The integrated isotopic geochemical measurements were applied to estimate the source and recharge characteristics of groundwater. The results showed that groundwater varied from fresh to saline water, and modern water to ancient water following the flowpath. The recharge characteristics of the saline water was distinct with that of fresh water. Cell abundance did not vary greatly along the hydrogeochemical zonality; however, dissimilarities in habitat‐based microbial community structures were evident, changing from Betaproteobacteria in the apex of alluvial fan to Gammaproteobacteria and then to Epsilonproteobacteria in the core of the basin (alluvial‐lacustrine plain). Rhodoferax, Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomonas, and bacterium isolated from similar habitats unevenly thrived in the spatially distinct fresh water environments, while Sulfurimonas dominanted in the saline water environment. The microbial communities presented likely reflected to the hydrogeochemical similarities and zonalities along groundwater flowpath.  相似文献   

三元插层材料的合成及其在聚丙烯老化中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

郭凡  刘志启  王庭胜  李丽娟  李娜 《盐湖研究》2020,28(3)

以FeCl3?6H2O、NiCl2?6H2O、MgCl2?6H2O为原料，以NaOH为沉淀剂采用水热法合成了镁镍铁水滑石 (MgNiFe-LDH)，通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和扫描电镜 (SEM) 分析了MgNiFe-LDH结构及形貌，探讨了不同陈化时间和水热温度对MgNiFe-LDH合成的影响。将制得的MgNiFe-LDH添加至聚丙烯 (PP) 中，制备MgNiFe-LDH/PP复合材料，通过对材料的加速老化测其力学性能，研究了添加MgNiFe-LDH前后材料力学性能的差异。研究结果表明，当Mg2+:Ni2+:Fe3+=2:1:1，反应温度为140℃、陈化时间为24 h时，合成的MgNiFe-LDH为片状，形貌较为规整，颗粒粒径约为2μm；经加速老化后，填充MgNiFe-LDH 复合材料的抗老化性能优于纯PP，当MgNiFe-LDH的填充量为6 wt% 复合材料拉伸强度不变，可明显提高PP的抗老化性能。  相似文献