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Identifying slope processes over time and their imprint in soils of medium‐high mountains of Central Europe (the Karkonosze Mountains,Poland) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jaroslaw Waroszewski Markus Egli Dagmar Brandová Marcus Christl Cezary Kabala Malgorzata Malkiewicz Jakub Kierczak Bartłomiej Glina Paweł Jezierski 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1195-1212
Soils in mountainous areas are often polygenetic, developed in slope covers that relate to glacial and periglacial activities of the Pleistocene and Holocene and reflect climatic variations. Landscape development during the Holocene may have been influenced by erosion/solifluction that often started after the Holocene climatic optimum. To trace back soil evolution and its timing, we applied a multi‐methodological approach. This approach helped us to outline scenario of soil transformation. According to our results, some aeolian input must have occurred in the late Pleistocene. During that time and the early Holocene, the soils most likely had features of Cryosols or Leptosols. Physico‐chemical and mineralogical analyses have indicated that the material was denudated (between late Boreal to the Atlantic) from the ridge and upper‐slope positions forming a colluvium at mid‐slope positions. Later, during the Sub‐Boreal, mass wasting of the remains of silt material deposited at the end of the Pleistocene age on the ridge top seems to have occurred. In addition, the cool and moist conditions caused the deposition of a colluvium at the lower‐slope positions. The next phase was characterized by the transformation of Leptosols/Cambisols into Podzols at upper‐slope or shoulder positions and to Albic Cambisols at mid‐slope positions. During the Sub‐Boreal period, Stagnosols started to form at the lower part of the slope catena. Overall, the highest erosion rates were calculated at the upper‐slope position and the lowest rates at mid‐slope sites. Berylium‐10 (10Be) data showed that the Bs, BC/C were covered during the Holocene by a colluvium with a different geological composition which complicated the calculation of erosion or accumulation rates. The interpretation of erosion and accumulation rates in such multi‐layered materials may, therefore, be hampered. However, the multi‐methodological reconstruction we applied shed light on the soil and landscape evolution of the eastern Karkonosze Mountains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Malgorzata Stramska 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(2):284-296
The diffusive component of the particulate organic carbon (POC) export from the ocean's surface layer has been estimated using a combination of the mixed layer model and SeaWiFS ocean color data. The calculations were carried out for several example sites located in the North Atlantic over a 10-year time period (1998–2007). Satellite estimates of surface POC derived from ocean color were applied as an input to the model driven by local surface heat and momentum fluxes. For each year of the examined period, the diffusive POC flux was estimated at a 200 m depth. The highest flux is generally observed in the spring and fall seasons, when surface waters are weakly stratified. In addition, the model results demonstrate significant interannual and geographical variability of the flux. The highest diffusive POC flux occurs in the northern North Atlantic and the lowest in the subtropical region. The interannual variability of the diffusive POC flux is associated with mixed layer dynamics and underscores the importance of atmospheric forcing for POC export from the surface layer to the ocean's interior. 相似文献
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We consider computational modeling of flow with small and large velocities at porescale and at corescale, and we address various challenges in simulation, upscaling, and modeling. While our focus is on voxel-based data sets from real porous media imaging, our methodology is verified first on synthetic geometries, and we analyze various scaling and convergence properties. We show that the choice of a voxel-based grid and representative elementary volume size can lead up to 10–20 % difference in calculated conductivities. On the other hand, the conductivities decrease significantly with flow rates, starting in a regime usually associated with the onset of inertia effects. This is accompanied by deteriorating porescale solver performance, and we continue our experiments up until about 50 % reduction in conductivities, i.e., to Reynolds number just under 1. To account for this decrease, we propose a practical power-based fully anisotropic non-Darcy model at corescale for which we calculate the parameters by upscaling. 相似文献
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Bartłomiej Glina Małgorzata Malkiewicz Łukasz Mendyk Adam Bogacz Przemysław Woźniczka 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):294-307
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on peatland formation in the Central Sudetes (central Europe) during the late Holocene. The research methodology adopted allowed us to determine whether vegetation development and shallow peatland formation were affected by human activity. Knowledge of past changes might be useful in evaluating recent and future changes, and to avoid pitfalls in the present management of peatland ecosystems. A palaeoecological research study of four peatlands was conducted in the Sto?owe Mountains (Central Sudetes, SW Poland). The results showed that these shallow peatlands originated in the middle to late Holocene (from 3301 BC to AD 1137). Palaeoecological records reflect continuous human impact on vegetation development and peat accumulation from the Middle Ages to the present (late Holocene). The strongest agrarian settler activity is observed in the High Middle Ages (AD 1200–1500). The human‐induced or wildfires observed in the late Holocene were an integral component of peatland ecosystems in the Central Sudetes. Moreover, palaeoecological analysis (sphagnum spores decline) and radiocarbon dating (AD 1870) confirmed drainage of the study area in the 19th century, which greatly affected the vegetation communities. 相似文献
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ET0模型在不同地区具有不同的适用性,而对极端干旱的塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲的ET0模型的适用性研究较为稀缺。利用2006—2014年生长季（4—10月）策勒气象站逐日气象资料,以自动称重式蒸渗仪实测数据为标准,采用最大绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）、模型效率（EF）和一致性指数（d）4个指标,在日、月时间尺度上评价了6种常用ET0模型在策勒绿洲的适用性,并使用回归修正法和比例修正法分别修正了这6种模型。结果表明：（1）日、月时间尺度上,Hargreaves-Samani（H-S）模型高估程度较大,其余模型均不同程度低估,拟合度由高到低依次为FAO-56PM、Jensen-Haise（J-H）、Priestley-Taylor（P-T）、Makkink、Turc、H-S。（2）所有ET0模型月值变化趋势与蒸渗仪实测值基本一致,除FAO-56PM和Turc模型计算的ET0月值在6月达到峰值外,其余模型均在7月达到峰值,在生长季尺度所有模型ET0月值与蒸渗仪实测值呈显著相关。（3）日、月时间尺度上,回归修正法和比例修正法修正后的ET0模型计算结果与蒸渗仪实测值均呈极显著相关,回归修正法优于比例修正法。（4）相关性分析表明,对策勒绿洲ET0影响由高到低的气象因子依次为
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Temporal mass variations in the Earth system, which can be detected from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data, cause temporal variations of geoid heights. The main objective of this contribution is to analyze temporal variations of geoid heights over the area of Poland using global geopotential models (GGMs) developed on the basis of GRACE mission data. Time series of geoid height variations were calculated for the chosen subareas of the aforementioned area using those GGMs. Thereafter, these variations were analyzed using two different methods. On the basis of the analysis results, models of temporal geoid height variations were developed and discussed. The possibility of prediction of geoid height variations using GRACE mission data over the area of Poland was also investigated. The main findings reveal that the geoid height over the area of Poland vary within 1.1 cm which should be considered when defining the geoid model of 1 cm accuracy for this area. 相似文献
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