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排序方式: 共有88条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
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Tomoyuki Takahashi Takeyuki Takahashi Nobuo Shuto Fumihiko Imamura Modesto Ortiz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(3-4):747-767
A source model for the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki tsunami must satisfy certain conditions. Such conditions are presented in this paper, and two methods are used to determine the best source model for this event. A trial-and-error method selects DCRC-17a as the best among 24 different models. This model has three fault planes dipping westward. To reproduce well the tide gauge records at two locations, an inversion analysis is used to modify the dislocation of DCRC-17a. 相似文献
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Japanese early-warning for debris flows and slope failures using rainfall indices with Radial Basis Function Network 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Nobutomo Osanai Takeshi Shimizu Kazumasa Kuramoto Shinichi Kojima Tomoyuki Noro 《Landslides》2010,7(3):325-338
Early-warning systems for natural disasters are important tools for disaster risk reduction and for achieving sustainable
development and livelihoods. In 2005, the Japanese government initiated a new nationwide early-warning system for landslides
disasters. The main methodology of the system is to set a criterion for occurrences of debris flows and slope failures based
on several rainfall indices (60-min cumulative rainfall and soil–water index) in each 5-km grid mesh covering all of Japan.
Because many of the records of mass movements are lacking in scientific precision on timing and location, the system applies
Radial Basis Function Network methods to set the criterion based primarily on rainfall data recorded as not triggering disasters.
Since the end of March 2007, under torrential rainfall conditions, early-warning information has been disseminated as part
of weather news using TV, radio, and the Internet. Because of the increasing worldwide recognition of the importance of early-warning
systems for natural disaster reduction, the aim of this article is to introduce the new Japanese early-warning system to the
international landslide community. In this article, the method, the system, and the result of its application to landslide
disasters in 2009 are presented. 相似文献
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Takanori Shimizu Koji Tamai Ikuhiro Hosoda Shoji Noguchi Yuji Kominami Toshio Abe Kenzo Kitamura Ushio Kurokawa Delphis F. Levia Tayoko Kubota Naoki Kabeya Shin'ichi Iida Tatsuhiko Nobuhiro Shinji Sawano Sho Iwagami Akira Shimizu Yoshio Tsuboyama 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14376
This data note introduces a database of long-term daily total precipitation and stream discharge data for seven forested watersheds in Japan that have been continuously monitored by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Three of the watersheds started data collection in the 1930s. Forest cover across the sites ranges from cool to warm temperate regions with the latitude spanning from 31 to 44° N and annual precipitation ranging from 1200 to 3000 mm yr−1. The effects of vegetation change via clearcutting, thinning and forest fire (among other stressors) on stream discharge can be analysed from the long-term observation sites. Moreover, this multi-site dataset allows for inter- and intra-site comparisons of annual water loss (difference of annual precipitation and stream discharge). These long-term datasets can provide comprehensive insights into the effects of climate change and other stressors on forested ecosystems, not only in Japan but across a spectrum of forest types, if combined with other long-term records from other forested watersheds across the world. 相似文献
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The convex form of subduction-stage pressure–temperature ( P–T ) paths up to c. 2.0 GPa implies the Sambagawa high- P metamorphic belt, Japan, formed a few million years before ridge subduction. Additional compilation of P–T conditions for higher- P Sambagawa rocks ( c. 2.0–2.5 GPa) reveals that the thermal profile along the slab surface shows a remarkable high- T -ward warping at c. 2.0 GPa ( c. 65 km). Previous thermal models indicate that this warping corresponds to the onset of induced mantle flow towards the subducting slab. If a normal thickness continental crust of c. 30 km was present, this implies the hangingwall region between 30 and 65 km depth was occupied by serpentinized wedge mantle isolated from large-scale mantle flow. Subsequent arrival of the spreading ridge, reheating and dehydration of the serpentinized wedge probably supplied the water necessary for causing granitic magmatism in the Ryoke high- T metamorphic belt, which is paired with the Sambagawa belt. 相似文献
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Debris flows include a great diversity of grain sizes with inherent features such as inverse grading, particle size segregation, and liquefaction of fine sediment. The liquefaction of fine sediment affects the fluidity of debris flows, although the behavior and influence of fine sediment in debris flows have not been examined sufficiently. This study used flume tests to detect the effect of fine sediment on the fluidity of laboratory debris flows consisting of particles with various diameters. From the experiments, the greatest sediment concentration and flow depth were observed in the debris flows mixed with fine sediment indicating increased flow resistance. The experimental friction coefficient was then compared with the theoretical friction coefficient derived by substituting the experimental values into the constitutive equations for debris flow. The theoretical friction coefficient was obtained from two models with different fine-sediment treatments: assuming that all of the fine sediments were solid particles or that the particles consisted of a fluid phase involving pore water liquefaction. From the comparison of the friction coefficients, a fully liquefaction state was detected for the fine particle mixture. When the mixing ratio and particle size of the fine sediment were different, some other cases were considered to be in a partially liquefied transition state. These results imply that the liquefaction of fine sediment in debris flows was induced not only by the geometric conditions such as particle sizes, but also by the flow conditions. 相似文献
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Morita T Ohtsuka Y Fujimoto K Minamisako Y Iida R Nakamura M Kayama T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(12):2311-2322
The anthropogenic radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, 108mAg, 239+240Pu, were measured in two Chionoecetes species, red queen crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) collected around Japan during 1996–2007. There was no increase in the concentrations of these radionuclides and no large variation of the atom ratio of 240Pu/239Pu during this research period. These results indicated that the source of the radionuclides was not the radioactive wastes dumped by the former USSR and Russia and originated from past nuclear weapon tests. The higher atom ratio in the crab species than that from global fallout would be contributed by the Pacific Proving Grounds close-in fallout. The variability of the concentration of radionuclides in the crab species would result from the variability of the composition and quantity in the diet. However, the decrease in the concentration of radionuclides with sampling depth would depend on the concentration in the seawater and diet. 相似文献
10.
Shuichi Tanahashi Hiroshi Kawamura Toshihiko Matsuura Tomoyuki Takahashi Hiroyuki Yusa 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(3):345-358
We have developed an algorithm to estimate the wide-ranging Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the GMS-5 (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite) S-VISSR (Stretched-Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer). Better SST estimates are realized by averaging the temporal variation of the VISSR calibration table and decreasing noise of the split-window terms using a spatial filter. The effects of the satellite zenith angle were examined in detail for better estimates, and VISSR-derived SSTs with root-mean-square (rms) error of 0.8 K were achieved using a new algorithm. The accuracy of SST estimates has been improved by using the temporal-spatial average of the split-window terms. Using the new techniques, we demonstrate that the hourly wide-ranging SST image data can be used to study the daily variations of SSTs in the Northern and Southern Pacific Oceans. 相似文献