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1.
Abebech Abera Niko E.C. Verhoest Seifu A. Tilahun Tena Alamirew Enyew Adgo Michael M. Moges 《自然地理学》2019,40(3):227-251
This study was conducted to investigate technical and socio-political attributes that lead to the underperformance of two selected irrigation schemes (Shina and Bebeks) in the Lake Tana floodplains, Ethiopia. Irrigation application efficiency (AE) at nine experimental fields showed a wide range, from 20 to 80%, but was mostly between 40 and 60%. Irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) varied from 1.9 to 7.2 kg m?3 for onion and 0.9 to 1.2 kg m?3 for maize. The lined and earthen canal conveyance losses in Bebeks were 0.037 and 0.047 l s?1 m?1, whereas in Shina they were 0.033 and 0.044 l s?1 m?1, respectively. The overall consumed ratio (OCR) of water was 0.58 for Bebeks and varied from 0.73 to 1.2 in Shina. Both schemes are performing below the standard based on technical performance indicators. Irrigation water user associations (WUAs) were not implemented, but irrigation committees (ICs), composed of local political leaders, are managing both schemes. Canal and reservoir sedimentation from erosion of upstream catchment areas during the rainy season was the major problem. 相似文献
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Kassaye Aklilu Alemayehu Mohammed Abdella Kemal Angello Zelalem Abera 《Water Resources》2022,49(3):402-412
Water Resources - The hydraulic relationships of flow through the weir of different common shapes were investigated in this study. The hydraulic performances of weirs were carried out... 相似文献
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Ethiopia??s agriculture is predominantly rainfed and hence any irregularity in weather conditions has adverse welfare implications. Using panel data, this paper analyzes the effect of rainfall shocks on Ethiopian rural households?? food security and vulnerability over time while controlling for a range of other factors. To this end, we generate a time-variant household food security index which is developed by principal components analysis. Based on this index, households are classified into relative food security groups and their socioeconomic differences are assessed. The exploratory results show that compared to the less secured households, the more secured ones have male and literate household heads, tend to have a greater number of economically active household members, own more livestock, experience better rainfall outcome, and participate in local savings groups. Using the food security index as the dependent variable, we use a fixed effects instrumental variable regression model to identify determinants of households?? food security over time and find that rainfall variability is an important factor. Moreover, household size, participation in local savings groups, and livestock ownership positively affect food security. Results from multinomial logistic regression model complement the fixed effects instrumental variable regression results by showing that the level and variability of rainfall are important determinants of persistent food insecurity and vulnerability. The results highlight the need for efficient risk reduction and mitigation programs to improve risk exposure and coping ability of rural households. Careful promotion of investment in infrastructure to support irrigation and water resources development is one aspect worth considering. 相似文献
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GeoJournal - Qoltso is a seasonal crop that grows as weedy root crop where the land is cultivated for other cerials. The production and productivity of Qoltso is rapidly declining which resulted in... 相似文献
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Abera Tessema 《Natural Resources Research》2017,26(4):465-488
Radial basis function link neural network (RBFLN) and fuzzy-weights of evidence (fuzzy-WofE) methods were used to assess regional-scale prospectivity for chromite deposits in the Western Limb and the Nietverdiend layered mafic intrusion of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa. Five predictor maps derived from geological, geochemical and geophysical data were processed in a GIS environment and used as spatial proxy for critical processes that were most probably responsible for the formation of the chromite deposits in the study area. The RBFLN was trained using input feature vectors that correspond to known deposits, prospects and non-deposits. The training was initiated by varying the number of radial basis functions (RBFs) and iterations. The results of training the RBFLN provided optimum number of RBFs and iterations that were used for classification of the input feature vectors. The results show that the network classified 73% of the validation deposits into highly prospective areas for chromite deposit, covering 6.5% of the study area. The RBFLN entirely classified all the non-deposit validation points into low prospectivity areas, occupying 86.6% of the study area. In general, the efficiency of the RBFLN in classifying the validation deposits and non-deposits indicates the degree of spatial relationship between the input feature vectors and the training points, which represent chrome mines and prospects. The RBFLN and fuzzy-WofE analyses used in this study are important in guiding identification of regional-scale prospect areas where further chromite exploration can be carried out. 相似文献
6.
Abera Tessema Haile Mengistu Emmanuel Chirenje Tamiru A. Abiye Molla B. Demlie 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(2):351-368
Airborne magnetic data and Landsat imagery, as well as time-domain electromagnetic soundings, were used to assess groundwater potential of the region around the town of Mafikeng in North West Province, South Africa. Lineaments were extracted based on on-screen digital data derived from magnetic and Landsat 7 imagery. The relationship between lineament-intersection density and borehole yield was assessed using statistical analysis. The results were discussed with respect to factors that determine the groundwater potential of the area. Correlation between lineament-intersection frequency and borehole yield is 60?C65% in the south and southeastern parts, and 45?C50% within 5?C30?km radius of Mafikeng. The eastern and western parts of the study area are characterized by weak or no correlation. Areas that correspond to high correlation between lineament-intersection frequency and borehole yield suggest the significance of cross-cutting structures in controlling groundwater potential zones, while results that suggest low or no correlation represent the influence of other factors. The overall results demonstrate that the combined analysis of airborne magnetic data, satellite imagery, borehole yield and ground-based time-domain electromagnetic soundings provide the best approach for groundwater assessment within the hard rock and carbonate terrains of the study area. 相似文献
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In April and May 1989 the satellite Global Positioning System (GPS) was employed in the establishment of three deformation networks in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The net E1 consists of 6 points of about 100–270 km interdistances, with two points located on each of the African and the Somalian plate and two points down in the rift. In addition two separate GPS traverses were established: one (E2) runs across the rift, and one (E3) runs about 500 km along the rift.The remeasurement of a 175 km long baseline included in two subcampaigns indicates a repeatability of the GPS observations of the order of 1×10−7 and 3×10−7 for slope distance and ellipsoidal height, respectively.Along the E2 traverse GPS/trigonometric levelled geoid undulations and gravimetric geoid undulations agree well, while the discrepancy along the E3 traverse needs further analysis. 相似文献
9.
Gary D. Acton Abera Tessema Michael Jackson Roger Bilham 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2000,180(3-4):225-241
Deformation throughout Afar over the past 2 myr has been characterized by widespread and intense crustal fragmentation that results from inhomogeneous extension across the region. In eastern Afar, this situation has evolved to localized extension associated with the westward propagation of the Gulf of Aden/Gulf of Tadjurah seafloor spreading system into the Asal–Ghoubbet Rift. During the gradual process of rift propagation and localization, crustal blocks in eastern Afar sustained clockwise rotations of 11°. To better understand the processes of rift propagation and localization and how they affect the rest of Afar, we have collected and analyzed over 400 oriented paleomagnetic samples from 67 lava flows from central and southern Afar. Unlike eastern Afar, the mean paleomagnetic direction from central Afar indicates that vertical-axis rotations are statistically insignificant (3.6°±4.4°), though small clockwise rotations (<8°) are permitted. Thus, propagation and localization in central Afar have not had the same influence in causing crustal block rotations or, perhaps more likely, have not reached the same stage of evolution as seen in eastern Afar. In addition, several of the lava flows record intriguing geomagnetic field behavior associated with polarity transitions, excursions, or large secular variation events. Interestingly, the transitional or anomalous virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) tend to cluster in two nearly antipodal regions, one in the northern Pacific Ocean and the other in the southwest Indian Ocean. One lava flow has recorded both of the antipodal transitional components, with the two components residing in magnetic minerals with unblocking temperatures above and below 500°C, respectively. Reheating and partial remagnetization by the overlying flow cannot explain either of the transitional directions because both differ significantly from that of the reversely magnetized overlying flow. The high-temperature component gives a VGP in the northern Pacific, whereas the lower-temperature component gives a nearly antipodal VGP south of Cape Town, South Africa. Hence, the configuration of the geomagnetic field appears to have jumped nearly instantaneously from a northern-hemisphere transitional state to a southern-hemisphere one during this normal-to-reverse polarity transition. 相似文献
10.
Tesfahun Berhane Nurilign Shibabaw Aemiro Shibabaw Molalign Adam Abera A. Muhamed 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(3):302-305
Ethiopian coffee price is highly fluctuated and has significant effect on the economy of the country. Conducting a research on forecasting coffee price has theoretical and practical importance.This study aims at forecasting the coffee price in Ethiopia. We used daily closed price data of Ethiopian coffee recorded in the period 25 June 2008 to 5 January 2017 obtained from Ethiopia commodity exchange (ECX) market to analyse coffee prices fluctuation. Here, the nature of coffee price is non-stationary and we apply the Kalman filtering algorithm on a single linear state space model to estimate and forecast an optimal value of coffee price. The performance of the algorithm for estimating and forecasting the coffee price is evaluated by using root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the linear state space model and the Kalman filtering algorithm, the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.000016375, which is small enough, and it indicates that the algorithm performs well. 相似文献