This paper studies the effect of interfacial areas (air–water interfaces and solid–water interfaces) on material strength of unsaturated granular materials. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography technique is employed to measure the interfacial areas in wet glass bead samples. The scanned 3D images are trinarized into three phases and meshed into representative volume elements (RVEs). An appropriate RVE size is selected to represent adequate local information. Due to the local heterogeneity of the material, the discretized RVEs of the scanned samples actually cover a very large range of degree of saturation and porosity. The data of RVEs present the relationship between the specific interfacial areas and degree of saturation and gives boundaries where the interfacial area of a whole sample should fall in. In parallel, suction-controlled direct shear tests have been carried out on glass beads and the material strength has been corroborated with two effective stress definitions related to the specific air–water interfacial areas and fraction of wetted solid surface, respectively. The comparisons show that the specific air–water interfacial area reaches the peak at about 25% of saturation and contributes significantly to the material strength (up to 60% of the total capillary strength). The wetted solid surface obtained from X-ray CT is also used to estimate Bishop’s coefficient χ based on the second type of effective stress definition, which shows a good agreement with the measured value. This work emphasizes the importance to include interface terms in effective stress formulations of unsaturated soils. It also suggests that the X-ray CT technique and RVE-based multiscale analysis are very valuable in the studies of multiphase geomaterials.
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油气藏中的轻烃气体能够以微弱但可检出的量近似垂直地渗漏到地表土壤中,其中一部分烃类以游离态赋存在土壤或岩石颗粒空隙中。壤中游离气中的烃类能反映深部油气藏烃类的现代补偿性活跃微渗漏,被认为是油气地球化学勘探的最可靠方法之一。壤中游离气采集是获得第四系沉积层中微渗漏烃类地球化学异常的关键技术。自行研制了便携式游离气采集新装置,具有操作简便、携带方便、密封性好等特点。通过长期实践,总结了土壤游离气保真采集的方法。游离气方法在济阳坳陷惠民凹陷南坡临南—钱官屯地区、塔里木盆地阿克亚苏地区X井区的油气化探应用,获得的游离烃异常较好地反映了油气垂向微渗漏近地表信息,以及下伏油气的分布特征,油气微渗漏异常区与背景区分离明显,表明壤中游离气方法应用效果显著,在油气勘探中值得广泛推广。 相似文献
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Wet granular materials are three-dimensionally simulated by the discrete element method with water bridges incorporated between particles. The water bridges are simplified as toroidal shapes, and the matric suction is constantly maintained in the material. A comparison with experimental tests in the literature indicates that the toroidal shape approximation may be one of the best choices with high practicability and decent accuracy. Mechanical behaviours of wet granular materials are studied by triaxial tests. Effects of particle size distributions and void ratios are investigated systematically in this study. The hydraulic limit of the pendular state is also discussed. It gives the capillary cohesion function which is not only determined by the degree of saturation but also positively correlated to relative density and particle size polydispersity and inversely proportional to mean particle size. Furthermore, the capillary strengthening effect is also analysed microscopically in aid of the Stress–Force–Fabric relationship, mainly in fabric anisotropy, coordination number and stress transmission pattern, which revealed the micro-mechanisms of the additional effective stress induced by capillary effect. 相似文献
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Wang Ji-Peng Lambert Pierre De Kock Tim Cnudde Veerle François Bertrand 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(5):1545-1559
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壳寡糖钙、镁配合物对栉孔扇贝体内镉的脱除 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
如何减少鲜活贝类中重金属污染一直是水产品加工中亟待解决的问题。本文采用氧化水解法制备水溶性壳寡糖(COS),将其与钙、镁结合制备了壳寡糖钙(COS-Ca)、壳寡糖镁(COS-Mg)配合物,研究其对栉孔扇贝体内镉的脱除作用。结果发现,COS-Ca、COS-Mg对栉孔扇贝体内镉均有一定脱除作用,经COS-Ca、COS-Mg处理净化,3 d内栉孔扇贝体内镉含量分别降低了46%和41.8%,并且经净化处理后,栉孔扇贝体内金属钙、铁的含量有所提高。因此,所制备的COS-Ca、COS-Mg有望成为1种新型多功能性的脱除鲜活贝类体内重金属的饲料添加剂。 相似文献
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Wang Ji-Peng Luan Ji-Yuan Gao Xu-Guang Liu Tai-Heng Andò Edward François Bertrand 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(11):4799-4821
Acta Geotechnica - The mechanical behaviours of unsaturated soils are highly related to the water content and pore water and air distributions. Under the context of climate change, geo-disasters... 相似文献
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壳寡糖稀土配合物对于大菱鲆体内富集镉的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为研究对象,探讨饲料中添加壳寡糖稀土配合物(Chitosan Oligosaccharide complex with Rare Earth,COS-Ree)对于镉在其体内富集的影响。分别设计了基础饲料组、添加重金属镉试验组、添加镉和COS-Ree配合物试验组(添加COS-Ree浓度分别为125,250,500和1000mg/kg)共计6种试验饲料。对大菱鲆幼鱼(8.9±0.9)g进行为期50d的饲养试验,试验结果表明:重金属镉在大菱鲆体内各组织部位的富集积累程度:肝肾鳃肌肉;饲料中添加COS-Ree可以有效地抑制重金属镉在大菱鲆体内的富集积累,提高其成活率。其中COS-Ree添加量为250和500mg/kg的试验处理组的效果最为显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
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有机磷农药在我国农作物生产中已被广泛应用,但常因使用不当造成作物产品中残留超标。采用硫酸水解羽毛制取复合氨基酸,并与碳酸钙反应制得复合氨基酸钙配合物,该配合物可以通过水解有机磷农药中的磷酸酯键降低作物中的农药残留。将配合物分别喷施已施有机磷农药的茶叶、黄瓜和西红柿,5d后采摘茶叶鲜叶,按绿茶加工工艺进行处理,测定其毒死蜱含量,毒死蜱的残留量减少了75.80%;喷施配合物次日采摘黄瓜和西红柿样品,并测定其毒死蜱与乐果的残留量,黄瓜中毒死蜱残留量为空白对照的70.75%,乐果完全降解;西红柿中毒死蜱残留量为空白对照的71.33%,乐果的残留量为67.79%。 相似文献
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