Deciphering late Devonian–early Carboniferous P–T–t path of mylonitized garnet-mica schists from Prins Karls Forland,Svalbard     

Karolina Kośmińska  Frank S. Spear  Jarosław Majka  Karol Faehnrich  Maciej Manecki  Karsten Piepjohn  Winfried K. Dallmann 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(5):471-493

Quartz-in-garnet inclusion barometry integrated with trace element thermometry and calculated phase relations is applied to mylonitized schists of the Pinkie unit cropping out on the island of Prins Karls Forland, western part of the Svalbard Archipelago. This approach combines conventional and novel techniques and allows deciphering of the pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution of mylonitic rocks, for which the P–T conditions could not have been easily deciphered using traditional methods. The results obtained suggest that rocks of the Pinkie unit were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions at 8–10 kbar and 560–630°C and mylonitized at ~500 to 550°C and 9–11 kbar. The P–T results are coupled with in-situ Th–U-total Pb monazite dating, which records amphibolite facies metamorphism at c. 359–355 Ma. This is the very first evidence of late Devonian–early Carboniferous metamorphism in Svalbard and it implies that the Ellesmerian Orogeny on Svalbard was associated with metamorphism up to amphibolite facies conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that the Ellesmerian collision between the Franklinian margin of Laurentia and Pearya and Svalbard caused not only commonly accepted brittle deformation and weak greenschist facies metamorphism, but also a burial and deformation of rock complexes at much greater depths at elevated temperatures.  相似文献   

TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland     

ZHANG Dan  ZHANG Yu  MORAWSKA Ewa  BIELAWSKI Leszek  KRASINSKA Grazyna  DREWNOWSKA Ma gorzata  PANKAVEC Sviatlana  SZYMANSKA Karolina  FALANDYSZ Jerzy 《山地科学学报》2013,10(4):621-627

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the K odzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.  相似文献   

Integrating behavioural economics into climate-economy models: some policy lessons     

Karolina Safarzyńska 《Climate Policy》2018,18(4):485-498

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Frequency and variability of missing tree rings along the stems of Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea from a semiarid site in SE Spain     

K. Novak  M. de Luis  K. ?ufarJ. Raventós 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(5):494-498

We studied the occurrence of missing rings (MR) around and along the stems of three Pinus halepensis and three Pinus pinea trees growing in a semiarid Mediterranean site in SE Spain. Tree-ring analyses were performed along 8 radii on stem discs taken at 1 m distances from the base to the top of the trees. The tree rings analysed showed that 19% were missing in P. halepensis and 10% in P. pinea. MR were recorded in 61% of P. halepensis and 24% of P. pinea in the years analysed. Dry conditions from January to May and high late winter to spring temperatures seem to be the main climatic elements promoting MR in both species. In our research into P. halepensis, the frequency of MR gradually decreased from the bottom upward, but no such pattern was observed in P. pinea. Most tree rings were missing only locally (LMR), indicating that wood formation occurred every year in at least some part of a tree, and the tree rings were often discontinuous around and along the stem. Since the frequency of LMR greatly varies around and along the stem, our results suggest that serial sectioning along the stem provides more information on wood formation and responses of trees to environment than studying the samples at breast height only. The disadvantage of the technique is that, as in our study case, research is based on a limited sample size, since it requires destructive sampling with tree felling, which is not usually possible or desirable on highly vulnerable semiarid forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

Increased hydrocarbon recovery and CO2 management, a Croatian example     

Karolina Novak  Tomislav Malvić  Katarina Simon 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(4):1187-1197

Enhanced oil recovery based on CO₂ injection is expected to increase recovery from Croatian oil fields. Large quantities of CO₂ are generated during hydrocarbon processing produced from gas and gas condensate fields situated in the north-western part of Croatia. First CO₂ injection project will be implemented on the Ivani? Oil Field. Numerical modelling based on Upper Miocene sandstone core samples testing results have shown the decrease of oil viscosity during CO₂ injection. Some of the characteristics of the testing samples are porosity 21.5–23.6 %, permeability 14–80 × 10^?15 m² and initial water saturation 28–38.5 %. Water alternating foam (WAF) and water alternating gas (WAG) simulations have provided satisfactory results. The WAF injection process has provided better results, but due to the process sensitivity and costs WAG is recommended for future application. During the pilot project 16 × 10⁶ m³ CO₂ and 5 × 10⁴ m³ of water were injected. Additional amounts of hydrocarbons (4,440 m³ of oil and 2.26 × 10⁶ m³ of gas) were produced which confirmed injection of CO₂ as a successful tertiary oil recovery mechanism in Upper Miocene sandstone reservoirs in the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System.  相似文献   

Soil-pile interaction in vertical vibration     

T. Nogami  M. Novak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1976,4(3):277-293

The interaction between a soil layer and an end bearing pile is theoretically investigated. The pile is assumed to be vertical and elastic, the soil is considered as a linear visco-elastic layer with hysteretic type damping. The layer alone is solved first and the wave modes of the layer are used in the analysis of the pile response. The pile response to a harmonic load is obtained in a closed form and used to define stiffness and damping at the level of the pile head. The dimensionless parameters of the problem are identified. A parametric study is conducted to determine the main features of the response and of the equivalent stiffness and damping. The validity of equivalent viscous damping is examined. A comparison is made with the simpler plane strain theory used previously and its accuracy is assessed.  相似文献   

Uplift in seismic response of pile supported buildings     

L. El Hifnawy  M. Novak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1986,14(4):573-593

To resist seismic overturning moments piles are often designed for tensile forces which require pile connection to the cap and sometimes, socketing. For typical buildings, this paper theoretically examines the effect of these measures on seismic response, forces and pile loading in dependence on pile numbers, configuration and tip conditions.  相似文献   

Dynamic soil-structure interaction,John P. Wolf,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,N.J., 1985. No. of pages: £466. Price: £61.45     

M. Novak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1986,14(6):951-951

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Soil-structure-interaction analysis in time domain,by John P. Wolf,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey 07632, 1988. No of pages: 446     

M. Novak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1992,21(4):363-363

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Dynamic response of single piles embedded in transversely isotropic layered media     

Weiming Liu  Milos Novak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1994,23(11):1239-1257

Dynamic response of single piles embedded in transversely isotropic layered media is investigated using the finite element method combined with dynamic stiffness matrices of the soil derived from Green's functions for ring loads. The influence of soil anisotropy on the dynamic behaviour of piles is examined through a series of parametric studies.  相似文献