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At the interface between the lower atmosphere and sea surface, sea spray might significantly influence air-sea heat fluxes and subsequently, modulate upper ocean temperature during a typhoon passage. The effects of sea spray were introduced into the parameterization of sea surface roughness in a 1-D turbulent model, to investigate the effects of sea spray on upper ocean temperature in the Kuroshio Extension area, for the cases of two real typhoons from 2006, Yagi and Soulik. Model output was compared with data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), and Reynolds and AMSRE satellite remote sensing sea surface temperatures. The results indicate drag coefficients that include the spray effect are closer to observations than those without, and that sea spray can enhance the heat fluxes (especially latent heat flux) considerably during a typhoon passage. Consequently, the model results with heat fluxes enhanced by sea spray simulate better the cooling process of the SST and upper-layer temperature profiles. Additionally, results from the simulation of the passage of typhoon Soulik (that passed KEO quickly), which included the sea spray effect, were better than for the simulated passage of typhoon Yagi (that crossed KEO slowly). These promising 1-D results could provide insight into the application of sea spray in general circulation models for typhoon studies. 相似文献
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中国近海以及邻近海域海洋再分析产品(CORA)中季节内变化的评估 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
A regional reanalysis product—China Ocean Reanalysis(CORA)—has been developed for the China's seas and the adjacent areas. In this study, the intraseasonal variabilities(ISVs) in CORA are assessed by comparing with observations and two other reanalysis products(ECCO2 and SODA). CORA shows a better performance in capturing the intraseasonal sea surface temperatures(SSTs) and the intraseasonal sea surface heights(SSHs) than ECCO2 and SODA do, probably due to its high resolution, stronger response to the intraseasonal forcing in the atmosphere(especially the Madden-Julian Oscillation), and more available regional data for assimilation. But at the subsurface, the ISVs in CORA are likely to be weaker than reality, which is probably attributed to rare observational data for assimilation and weak diapycnal eddy diffusivity in the CORA model. According to the comparison results, CORA is a good choice for the study related to variabilities at the surface, but cares have to be taken for the study focusing on the subsurface processes. 相似文献
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The first version of a global ocean reanalysis over multiple decades (1979–2008) has been completed by the National Marine Data and Information Service within the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) project. The global ocean model employed is based upon the ocean general circulation model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A sequential data assimilation scheme within the framework of 3D variational (3DVar) analysis, called multi-grid 3DVar, is implemented in 3D space for retrieving multiple-scale observational information. Assimilated oceanic observations include sea level anomalies (SLAs) from multi-altimeters, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from remote sensing satellites, and in-situ temperature/salinity profiles. Evaluation showed that compared to the model simulation, the annual mean heat content of the global reanalysis is significantly approaching that of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) data. The quality of the global temperature climatology was found to be comparable with the product of Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), and the major ENSO events were reconstructed. The global and Atlantic meridional overturning circulations showed some similarity as SODA, although significant differences were found to exist. The analysis of temperature and salinity in the current version has relatively larger errors at high latitudes and improvements are ongoing in an updated version. CORA was found to provide a simulation of the subsurface current in the equatorial Pacific with a correlation coefficient beyond about 0.6 compared with the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring data. The mean difference of SLAs between altimetry data and CORA was less than 0.1 m in most years. 相似文献
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卫星遥感获取的海冰密集度观测资料中包含着空间多尺度信息。然而，多数传统的数据同化方法难以在海冰密集度变化较为复杂的海冰边缘区有效提取这些多尺度信息。为解决上述问题，本文设计了一种基于变分优化的逐步订正分析方法—空间多尺度递归滤波，该方法是逐步订正分析与最小化算法的结合，它能够从长波到短波依次提取观测中的各种空间尺度信息。与传统的客观分析相比，这种基于变分的多尺度分析方法不仅能够在最小化过程中一次性的提取出观测中的多尺度信息，而且能够方便合理的进行参数配置。单观测点同化试验的分析结果表明，空间多尺度递归滤波方法具有良好的观测信息空间传播能力。随后在二维海冰密集度的分析试验中，该方法能够较好的提取SSMI海冰密集度观测资料中的空间多尺度信息，进而获得高精度的海冰密集度分析结果。 相似文献
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季节内变化是热带气候的重要影响因素。以北半球夏、冬两季为例,对比了海洋再分析数据集(ECCO2、SODA3和CORA)与卫星观测海表面温度(SST)以及海表面高度(SSH)在印度洋区域季节内信号的差异;还以冬季MJO(Madden Julian Oscillation)事件和夏季季风事件为例,对比分析了不同强迫过程中再分析数据与观测数据的差异与原因。结果表明,再分析产品在近岸海域具有与观测数据相当的季节内波动,但是在大洋内部,除CORA在赤道中印度洋略强于观测数据,其他再分析数据季节内波动明显弱于观测数据20%以上,SODA3甚至达到60%以上。具体来说,在东传MJO和北传CIO (Central Indian Ocean mode)事件期间,再分析数据中热力强迫下的季节内SST变化呈现较好,仅ECCO2和CORA在相位上滞后观测数据5～10 d。在夏季CIO的SST异常西传期间,再分析数据中动力强迫下的季节内变化呈现较差,ECCO2和CORA仅在85°E～95°E呈现出微弱的西传信号,SODA3的SST异常并未西传;而且强度上,90°E～100°E附近所有再分析SST异常均弱于观测数据50%以上。通过对比东印度洋上混合层季节内流速发现,CIO事件期间再分析流速振幅弱于观测数据51.42%,且CIO波峰期间与观测数据的相对偏差达到65.16%。再分析数据中动力强迫的信号呈现较弱,可能是导致季节内变化在大洋中部明显弱于观测数据的原因。因此,要提升再分析产品中季节内信号,不仅需要关注热力与动力强迫的修正,更需要扩大海洋观测以增加数据同化,尤其是在赤道印度洋海域需要加强对海流的观测。 相似文献
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本文以2006年9月日本以南海域的台风YAGI为例,应用黑潮延伸体附近的KEO浮标观测资料,并结合卫星遥感等融合资料,分析海洋飞沫在台风不同发展阶段对海气界面间热量通量和动量通量的影响。首先,定量地分析台风期间海洋飞沫对海气热通量的影响。结果表明,在台风YAGI过境期间,海洋飞沫能够显著地加剧海气界面间的热量交换,尤其是潜热交换。海洋飞沫增加的热通量随着风速的增强而增大,随着波龄的增大而减小。随后,通过动量分析表明,在台风YAGI过境期间,海洋飞沫显著地增强了由大气向海洋的动量转移。当风速达到台风量级后,考虑海洋飞沫所增加的动量通量与界面动量通量大小相当,同时,在此风速条件下,海洋飞沫在海气界面形成极限饱和悬浮层,抑制风到海表面的动量转移,导致海气界面间总的动量通量的增长率随之减小。 相似文献