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1.
最大熵模型是以最大熵理论为基础的一种物种分布模型。经过十几年的发展，最大熵模型的计算方法不断迭代并趋于稳定，并在陆地生物适生区预测中开展了系统的、成熟的应用。而在海洋环境中，最大熵模型的应用也已经进入到了快速发展的阶段。但是受限于数据量的匮乏，最大熵模型在海洋环境中的应用仍旧需要不断的探索。最大熵模型具有小样本量预测的优势，其相关应用成果为单一物种、生物群落、生物多样性的保护，生物入侵事件的管控和预警，渔业养殖的减耗增效等提供了关键性的数据支撑，同时在海洋古生态学研究、海洋基因资源获取、海洋极端环境生物多样性保护等方面极具发展前景。 相似文献
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An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities. 相似文献
3.
Fatty acids （FAs） provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms. Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months. We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A. japonicus using multivariate analyses （PERMANOVA, MDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER）. The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly. The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and non- aestivated sea cucumbers. Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation, and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） that produced from intestinal degradation, are digested during deep aestivation. Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future. 相似文献
4.
The assessment of population structure and abundance of fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs(ARs) is an important aspect of AR management.In the present study,we used a DiveOperated Stereo Video(stereo-DOV) technique to assess the population structure and abundance of Sebastes schlegeli associated with two metallic,and three wooden,vessel reefs in Haizhou Bay during 2012 and2013.The study used video systems to obtain length measurements and estimates of abundance.The size composition of S.schlegeli differed among reefs and individuals around vessel reefs were all adults,with total lengths(TL) of 20 cm.Juvenile fish were encountered by divers in a rocky area near the island away from the vessel reefs.The largest individual S.schlegeli(with the highest TL) among five reefs were found around a metallic vessel reef in both 2012 and 2013.TL of S.schlegeli from all reefs increased by an average of 3.2 cm(P0.05) from 2012 to 2013,with an estimated mean weight increase of 250.4 g(P0.05).The video survey also indicated a decrease in the biomass of schools near two metallic vessels between the years.Stereo-video technology was found to be suitable for rockfish surveys around the reefs. 相似文献
5.
青岛近海秋季大型底栖动物群落特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2007年10月在青岛近海进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品,采用大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的物种组成、生物量和丰度分布、群落等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)以及群落受污染扰动情况。本次调查共获得青岛近海大型底栖动物160种,其中多毛类93种,甲壳动物37种,软体动物16种,棘皮动物7种,其它类群动物7种。群落中优势种的优势度均不明显,以多毛类巴氏钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)和长须沙蚕(Nereis longior)贡献率最高。生物量和丰度空间分布没有明显的规律性,呈斑块状分布。群落结构聚类分析表明,15个取样站的群落结构相似性程度都非常低,为10%~30%,仅有S2和S4站、S11和S12站Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到30%。ABC曲线表明,该研究海域处于1个轻度人为扰动的状态。 相似文献
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2007年10月苏北浅滩邻近海域的调查中共鉴定出大型底栖动物120种,种数和丰度的优势生物为多毛类动物,而棘皮动物的生物量占明显优势。群落中优势种以滩栖阳遂足(Amphiura vadicola)和不倒翁虫(Ster-naspis scutata)贡献率最高。大型底栖动物平均丰度为273.57个/m2,平均生物量为44.50 g/m2。自苏北浅滩向外海,大型底栖动物丰度和生物量呈增加的趋势。根据Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析,大型底栖生物可划分为3个群落:1)滩栖阳遂足群落;2)不倒翁虫-梳鳃虫群落;3)稚齿虫-背蚓虫-樱蛤-织纹螺群落。大型底栖生物群落分布与沉积物类型具有较大的相关性。生存环境的剧烈变化是导致苏北浅滩站位种群贫乏的重要原因之一。悬浮物颗粒的短期快速沉降现象可能也是导致种群贫乏的另一重要原因。 相似文献
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依托2019年8月至2019年9月中国第十次北极科学考察,基于流式细胞术,对亚热带太平洋至楚科奇海的表层微微型浮游植物丰度、细胞大小和色素含量的变化特征进行了分析,研究了各类群的环境适应性。结果表明,微微型浮游植物群落未检出原绿球藻,仅包含聚球藻和微微型真核藻,其丰度范围分别为(0.1～46.7)×10~3个/mL和(1.1～43.2)×10~3个/mL;聚球藻和微微型真核藻丰度高值均出现在白令海陆架区,其丰度升高与营养盐浓度升高有关;聚球藻最小丰度出现在楚科奇海,而微微型真核藻最小丰度出现在亚热带太平洋。聚球藻和微微型真核藻的侧向散射光(与细胞大小有关)和色素荧光强度均存在两倍以上的变化,与纬度或温度不存在显著的相关关系。在相同温度条件下,营养盐限制会降低微微型浮游植物的细胞大小。聚球藻的细胞大小与色素含量不相关,而在微微型真核藻中两者存在同向变化。在全球气候变暖和北极冰盖减少背景下,微微型浮游植物在北极生态系统中的作用会增加,对食物网和生态系统功能产生重要影响。 相似文献
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姜莹 张学雷 杨志国 JAAMAN Saifullah Arifin 徐勤增 MUDA Azmi Marzuki MUHAMAD Hairul Masrini 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(1):85-89
本文的研究基于文莱湾浅水域的一头野生伊洛瓦底海豚水声定位信号的调查数据。在记录期间，有一艘渔船突然开启发动机，惊扰了其附近的一头伊洛瓦底海豚，接着渔船开始两次连续追逐海豚。这期间海豚回声定位信号的变化情况被记录下来。当伊洛瓦底海豚受惊吓被追逐时，信号的声压级、每分钟嘀嗒声信号串的发生次数、每个嘀嗒声信号串中的脉冲个数和平均脉冲间隔都发生了相应的变化。平均的脉冲间隔在事件发生的瞬间立即增大，并在追逐期间呈现轻微下降趋势。脉冲间隔的增大对应着探测距离的增加，代表着海豚对未知区域的探索能力，制约着它的逃离速度。数据记录结果的分析表明，伊洛瓦底海豚会根据外界干扰对发出的回声定位信号进行调整，改变自己对潜在危险的探查能力。分析结果同时提醒我们需要随海豚生存环境的噪声进行管理，避免突然的发动机操作或者追逐它们。 相似文献
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为了解萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiura sarsii)群体遗传特性,本研究采用线粒体控制区(CR)、NADH脱氢酶亚基2(nad2)和NADH脱氢酶亚基6(nad6)三个标记对白令海、楚科奇海、巴伦支海萨氏真蛇尾进行群体遗传多样性、系统发育以及群体遗传结构分析。结果显示,CR、nad2和nad6三个分子标记经扩增后分别获得322、598 bp和449 bp的序列,并在59个个体中依次检测出15、27和24个单倍型。研究分析可知:(1) 3个分子标记显示3个群体单倍型多样性与核苷酸多样性较高,表明该种类在北极海域有较高的遗传多样性;(2)nad2与nad6揭示的单倍型多样性明显高于控制区片段;(3)遗传分化分析(F_(st)和AMOVA)与系统发育分析结果一致。白令海与楚科奇海萨氏真蛇尾分化不明显,而巴伦支海萨氏真蛇尾群体形成明显不同的谱系,与上述两海域萨氏真蛇尾分化较为明显,显示了巴伦支海与白令海、楚科奇海萨氏真蛇尾出现明显的分化。综上所述,本文研究了北极海域萨氏真蛇尾的群体遗传结构,丰富了北极地区大型底栖生物的群体研究。 相似文献
10.
采用功能群及多元统计方法, 对山东荣成俚岛湾牡蛎壳人工增殖礁礁区与毗连非礁区底质中多毛纲动物群落结构进行对比研究, 评估了牡蛎壳人工礁对多毛纲底栖动物群落结构的影响。结果表明, 人工礁区与非礁区共采集19科39种多毛纲动物, 按食性分为植食性、沉积食性和肉食性三大功能群。礁区肉食性多毛纲动物栖息密度高于非礁区, 可能与人工礁礁体底栖多毛纲动物引起的边缘效应有关。多维尺度分析MDS、相似度分析ANOSIM以及多因素方差分析(PERMANOVA)结果表明, 礁区同非礁区多毛纲动物群落结构差异不显著, 这可能与牡蛎壳人工礁单体体积较小, 对近底层水体及底质理化环境的影响较小有关。综上所述, 牡蛎壳人工礁在较小时间尺度内(1—2年)对底栖环境无显著影响。 相似文献