Early solar system aqueous activity: K isotope evidence from Allende     

Yun Jiang  Piers Koefoed  Olga Pravdivtseva  Heng Chen  Chun‐Hui Li  Fang Huang  Li‐Ping Qin  Jia Liu  Kun Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2021,56(1):61-76

The alkali element K is moderately volatile and fluid mobile; thus, it can be influenced by both primary processes (evaporation and recondensation) in the solar nebula and secondary processes (thermal and aqueous alteration) in the parent body. Since these primary and secondary processes would induce different isotopic fractionations, K isotopes could become a potential tracer to distinguish them. Using recently developed methods with improved precision (0.05‰, 95% confidence interval), we systematically measured the K isotopic compositions and major/trace elemental compositions of chondritic components (18 chondrules, 3 CAIs, 2 matrices, and 5 bulks) in the carbonaceous chondrite fall Allende. Among all the components analyzed in this study, CAIs, which formed initially under high‐temperature conditions in the solar nebula and were dominated by nominally K‐free refractory minerals, have the highest K₂O content (average 0.53 wt%) and have K isotope compositions most enriched in heavy isotopes (δ⁴¹K: ?0.30 to ?0.25‰). Such an observation is consistent with previous petrologic studies that show CAIs in Allende have undergone alkali enrichment during metasomatism. In contrast, chondrules contain lower K₂O content (0.003–0.17 wt%) and generally lighter K isotope compositions (δ⁴¹K: ?0.87‰ to ?0.24‰). The matrix and bulks are nearly identical in K₂O content and K isotope compositions (0.02–0.05 wt%; δ⁴¹K: ?0.62 to ? 0.46‰), which are, as expected, right in the middle of CAIs and chondrules. This strongly indicates that most of the chondritic components of Allende suffered aqueous alteration and their K isotopic compositions are the ramification of Allende parent‐body processing instead of primary nebular signatures. Nevertheless, we propose the small K isotope fractionations observed (< 1‰) among Allende components are likely similar to the overall range of K isotopic fractionation that occurred in nebular environment. Furthermore, the K isotope compositions seen in the components of Allende in this study are consistent with MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of the components in ordinary chondrites, which also show an absence of large (10‰) isotope fractionations. This is not expected as evaporation experiments in nebular conditions suggest there should be large K isotopic fractionations. Nevertheless, possible nebular processes such as chondrules back exchanging with ambient gas when they formed could explain this lack of large K isotopic variation.  相似文献   

基于LocaSpaceViewer的地理信息技术应用教学设计与反思     

陶佳  李青 《地理教学》2020,(2):53-55

本文基于笔者运用LocaSpaceViewer软件完成人教版地理必修3“地理信息技术在区域地理环境研究中的应用”的教学内容,总结反思教学过程中出现的问题,并提出改进的建议和措施。  相似文献   

贵州夜郎湖表层水体地球化学昼夜变化及其影响因素     

王家录  任娟  王勇  李维杰  娄昭  陈佳 《热带地理》2020,40(2):335-345

为探究岩溶水库水文地球化学行为过程,对贵州普定夜郎湖表层水体进行了为期3 d的高分辨率昼夜监测。结果表明：1）多变的天气和水文条件叠加导致水体离子指标昼夜变化不显著,规律性较差。而水温、DO、pH值、SpC、SIc、pCO₂等常规理化指标受水温变化和生物作用表现出明显的昼夜波动。2）利用亨利常数和主成分分析,得到温度变化、生物作用、人类活动、水库的蓄水与放水对夜郎湖水库水文地球化学特征变化的贡献率分别为21.66%、17.28%、14.08%和10.22%,说明作用于水库水文地球化学行为的因子具有多元性。3）δ ¹⁸O表现出与DO一致的波动趋势,即白天上升,晚上下降,反映在短时间尺度上,氢氧稳定同位素变化受控于生物过程（主要是呼吸作用过程）;而对比水库水体和大气降水的d-excess（d值）发现,水库水体的d值（8.21‰）显著偏低于当地大气降水的d值（9.64‰）,说明在长时间尺度上,主要受蒸发效应引起的不平衡分馏影响。  相似文献   

改进的最小曲率迭代法在重力剖面数据插值中的应用     

朱文武  彭军还  高艳龙  李方舟  贾玥 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(8):810-812

基于将约束点也作为待解算结点的思想，对传统最小曲率迭代法进行改进。改进后的方法在待解算结点周围存在约束点时，避免了根据约束点与待解算结点之间的不同关系需要进行分类推导的复杂过程，同时也避免了因使用泰勒展开式进行分解造成的精度损失，提高了解算精度。  相似文献   

关于我国海洋可再生能源产业化发展的思考          下载免费PDF全文

王项南  贾宁  薛彩霞  王冀  麻常雷 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(12):14-18

为推动我国海洋可再生能源产业发展,文章论述国内和国际海洋可再生能源开发利用在资源量、政策和技术等方面的发展现状,分析我国现阶段发展海洋可再生能源存在的主要问题,并提出未来我国海洋可再生能源产业化在顶层规划、关键核心技术、公共服务平台和标准体系建设、技术示范应用、成果转化以及国际合作等方面的发展建议,从而促进我国生态文明和海洋强国建设。  相似文献   

Hydrological management strategies for the control of algal blooms in regulated lowland rivers     

Jian Li  Wei Yin  Haiyan Jia  Xiaokang Xin 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14171

Reservoirs of lowland floodplain rivers with eutrophic backgrounds cause variations in the hydrological and hydraulic conditions of estuaries and low-dam reservoir areas, which can promote planktonic algae to proliferate and algal bloom outbreaks. Understanding the ecological effects of variations in hydrological and hydraulic processes in lowland rivers is important for algal bloom control. In this study, the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, China, a typical regulated lowland river with a eutrophic background, are selected. Based on the effect of hydrological and hydraulic variability on algal blooms, a hydrological management strategy for river algal bloom control is proposed. The results showed that (a) differences in river morphology and background nutrient levels cause significant differences in the critical threshold flow velocities for algal bloom outbreaks between natural river and low-dam reservoir sections; there is no uniform threshold flow velocity for algal bloom control. (b) There are significant differences in the river hydrological/hydraulic conditions between years with and without algal blooms. The average river flow, water level and velocity in years with algal blooms are significantly lower than those in years without algal blooms. (c) For different river sections where algal blooms occur and to meet the threshold flow velocities, the joint operation of cascade reservoirs and diversion projects is an effective method to prevent and control algal blooms in regulated lowland rivers. This study is expected to deepen our understanding of the ecological significance of special hydrological processes and guide algal bloom management in regulated lowland rivers.  相似文献   

基于Sentinel-2的潮间红树林提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐芳  张英  翟亮  刘佳  谷祥辉 《测绘通报》2020,(2):49-54

位于潮间带的红树林可能在高潮时被海水淹没的特点，使得传统的植被提取方法在红树林信息提取方面存在局限性。本文在对比分析了出露的红树林、高潮水位淹没的红树林、海水水体的光谱特征后，提出了一种利用归一化潮间红树林指数（NIMI）提取潮间带红树林的方法。该指数是由植被强吸收的红波段，强反射的两个红边波段和近红外波段组成的归一化表达式。利用该指数对福建省龙海九龙江口湿地的红树林进行了分类提取，提取结果与高分二号影像目视验证和现场调查结果进行了对照。结果显示，该方法提取红树林的用户精度达到93.98%，并显著优于利用归一化水体指数（NDWI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）及随机森林的结果。  相似文献   

北斗卫星类型间偏差快速改正分析     

贾春  崔鹏  李慧  赵琳  李亮 《测绘通报》2020,(12):42-45

针对北斗卫星类型间偏差（ISTB）导致载波相位差分高精度定位（RTK）的整周模糊度无法固定问题，本文提出了改进ISTB快速改正方法，在观测量层面仅利用1组不同卫星类型的载波相位差分观测量即可实现ISTB估计与改正，实际应用中较传统方法更具普适性与简易性。该方法的测试结果表明，ISTB值由NH码调制不同引起，不同频点的ISTB值具有不一致性；此外，有无改正ISTB的北斗RTK性能对比反映了ISTB会严重降低整周模糊度固定与RTK定位性能。由此可知，本文方法能够保障现阶段北斗接收机更新换代过程中北斗RTK的高精度与高可靠性能。  相似文献   

电离层局部格网降分辨率层析方法     

王文越  余接情  王颖  贾忱祎  吴立新  张绍良 《测绘学报》2020,49(7):843-853

网格划分是电离层层析的重要一环,也是影响层析精度的重要因素之一。然而,现有研究更多地关注如何通过反演算法及模型来提高精度,较少关注格网划分这一手段。本文拟从格网划分这一角度来对电离层层析方法进行优化。先利用若干试验研究了格网分辨率与层像精度的关系,然后在此结论基础上提出了一种通过降低非感兴趣区域格网分辨率来提高感兴趣区域层像精度的方法。为验证本文方法的可行性,分别开展了两个不同的层析试验。两个试验同时表明:相对于传统的格网划分方法,本文方法在均方根误差、平均绝对误差、68%及95%百分位、标准差等多个精度指标上均具有优势。根据本文试验,利用本文方法均方根误差及平均绝对误差可望分别减少15%至40%。  相似文献   

基于地理国情数据的城市扩张和生态格局分析——以武汉市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

厉芳婷  张过  贾继鹏 《测绘通报》2020,(11):93-98

城市扩张是城镇化的主要特征，研究城市扩张规律对城市空间规划、高质量发展提供决策依据。本文以武汉市为研究区，以2015—2018年地理国情监测成果为主要数据源，通过数据整理与提取、计算城市扩张特征指数、提取城市格局变化、计算生态景观指数等处理，对研究区城市扩张和生态格局变化特征进行分析。研究结果表明：2015—2018年间，武汉市从快速扩张阶段逐渐减缓，紧凑度逐渐下降；中心城市扩张主要以种植土地破坏为代价；远城区快速扩张主要以林草面积减少为代价；在生态指数上，各生态景观类型破碎度均有下降，但水域面积保持良好。  相似文献