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1961-2005年水利水保措施对潮河流域年径流量的影响(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area,the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961-2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station(Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations.Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method.The referenced period(1961-1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period(1981-2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961-2005 applying double accumulative curve method,mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique.Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model,impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively.The major results could be summarized as follows:(1) The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s,the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970.(2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities.(3) During 1981-1990,1991-2000,2001-2005 and 1981-2005,the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×108,0.28×108,1.10×108 and 0.79×108 m3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%,7.13%,40.71% and 23.79% accordingly.Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period. 相似文献
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格局是跨越空间的事物的有规律的或独特的排列方式。地理空间格局是地理事物和现象在地球表面排列、布局、展示及其组合状况。地理的核心是相信有格局,地理学家经常使用空间格局概念描述、分析、解释他们的活动。基础地理教育应将培养学生对地理空间格局的敏锐觉察力作为地理学科能力培养的一项核心内容, 相似文献
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空间尺度是地理学研究的重要内容,对于中学地理课堂教学具有重要的方法论价值和意义。文章主要探讨地理空间尺度的内涵、分类,以及地理空间尺度特性,分析地理空间尺度对中学地理教学的价值,并提出基于地理空间尺度的课堂教学设计策略。 相似文献
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正地理空间知觉是许多地理学习活动的重要成分。最近国内外地理课程都将空间知觉列为重要的学习内容。我国地理课程标准中强调提供与学生生活情境相关联的问题,以帮助学生进行地理意义的建构与知识的运用,反映了当前地理教学的趋势。因此,地理空间知觉不应只是简单的图形辨识或高度抽象的转换能力,而应当强调与生活经验上的统整与连结。在理念上,地理空间知觉渐渐成为地理学习活动中的一个重要环节,视觉思维能力和推理能力要透过设 相似文献
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芬兰高中地理课程标准评介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
芬兰全国教育委员会于1994年颁布了《普通高级中学国家核心课程》,随后于2003年根据《普通高级中学法案》、《普通高级中学法令》和《普通高级中学教育国家总目标和课时分配》,重新修订和发布了《普通高级中学国家核心课程2003——为年轻人而设计的全国普通高中核心课程》,并于2005年8月在全国所有普通高级中学开始实施新课程。笔者拟对芬兰高中地理课程标准进行简要解读,以期为我国地理课程改革提供若干启示。 相似文献
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