Flood management consists many aspects such as hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, exposure assessment, risk assessment, early warning system, damage assessment as well as risk mitigation planning. Conventional flood management are depending on the ground based monitoring of rainfall and river discharge. Many parts of the world are not covered by these sensor networks in one hand and these ground based systems are costly. Most of the tropical countries have high flood risk and low financial and institutional capacity to afford ground based system. While conventional flood management is time and cost intensive, spaceborne remote sensing provides timely and low-cost data in comparison to field observation, and is the obvious choice for most developing countries affected by flooding. Many aspects of flood management are being aided with the advancement of remote sensing technology. More precise and near real time flood detection, lead time in flood early warning system, accurate and advance inputs of hydrological models are now blessed by space technology. Many methods and approaches have been developed to overcome the constrains in the application of spaceborne remote sensing in flood management. Application of satellite remote sensing in flood hazard assessment is well documented, however, the application of space technology in other aspects of the flood management is also promising. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the applicability of spaceborne remote sensing and in most of the aspects in flood management.
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Journal of Geographical Sciences - The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and... 相似文献
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2018年2月12日河北省廊坊市永清县发生4.3级地震，震中位于廊固凹陷内的河西务断裂附近，国家强震动台网中心获取74组强震动记录，本文对触发台站进行场地分类，结果显示大部分为Ⅰ类场地(51.35%)，其次为Ⅱ类场地(35.14%)和Ⅲ类场地(13.51%)。根据5个典型台站加速度时程记录及反应谱分析本次地震强震动特征，并对各台站峰值加速度反应谱与方位角和震中距的关系进行分析。采用克里格插值方法绘制地震仪器烈度分布图，由于台站分布不均，导致极震区附近烈度影响场计算缺值现象，本文通过拟合本次地震强震动记录得到该地区地震动衰减关系，在空白区域建立空间随机假设台站进行补点插值，解决了计算缺值问题，为缺少台站记录的震区提供准确快速制作烈度分布图的思路，为震害调查和地震应急救援提供重要依据。 相似文献
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涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。 相似文献
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万全断裂是洋河盆地北缘断裂带组成断裂之一，控制沿线构造活动及地貌发育。断裂走向NE，倾向SE，在沟口处隐伏于第四纪覆盖层，采用电阻率成像和浅层地震联合勘探方法，获得该断裂隐伏段落综合物探异常，结合地质地貌调查，判定隐伏段落展布的具体位置、产状、活动特征及地下结构特征等。研究结果表明，万全断裂隐伏段落走向NE，倾向SE，倾角约75°，上断点埋深约20 m，20—240 m深度可见断裂破碎带（宽约10—20 m）物探异常特征及断裂两侧地层结构差异。该联合探测模式可有效探测复杂地质构造条件下的隐伏活动断裂，具有较强实用性，值得推广。 相似文献
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使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据，并提取坐标时间序列，获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析，结果表明，四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a，速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E；欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a，优势方向为S77.78°E，较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a；垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a，整体上表现为隆升状态，位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势，可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致；最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a，最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a，其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西，低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。 相似文献
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Based on detailed field investigations,this paper describes the geometrical characteristics and tectonic activities of the Zhangjiakou fault at the northwest of Beijing. This fault strikes mainly northwest to west,short parts of which strike near east to west,dipping north,and extends over a length of 70km. It is a major geological and geomorphological margin,controlling the neotectonic movement in this region. On the south side of the Zhangjiakou fault are the Late Quaternary unconsolidated deposits,forming basins; while on the other side are Mesozoic volcano debris and Pre-Mesozoic metamorphic rocks, forming lower mountains and hills. The Zhangjiakou fault consists mainly of high-angle inverse strike-slip fault and partially of normal strike-slip fault. Among these,the north-dipping NW-NWW-trending secondary faults,constituting the main fracture of the fault,have inverse characteristics; those near the EW-trending secondary faults are links of the former faults,with a smaller length and normal faulting characteristics. Thus,the Zhangjiakou fault is a north-dipping inverse and partially south-dipping normal strike-slip fault. The Zhangjiakou fault has been continuously active since the Quaternary. With the exception of the western end extension,which has been active since the late Pleistocene, the main part of the fault has been active since the Holocene. The central main segment of the Zhangjiakou fault is more active. Since the mid-late period of the late Pleistocene,the average vertical slip rate of a single fault has been over 0. 07mm /a ～ 0. 30mm /a. The Zhangjiakou fault has multi-slip surfaces,and the total vertical slip rate reaches 1. 33mm /a,estimated from the Qingshuihe river terraces and the relevant drilling data. 相似文献
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Lixin Yi Ke Cheng Xiaoying Cao Yueling Sun Xiaoqing Cheng Ye He 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(2):1223-1248
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The paper studies the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation caused by loading of neighboring buildings, based
on the loading tides theory. The influence on elevation is also considered. The results show that the ground vertical deformation
and the geoid undulation both reach millimeter magnitude. Therefore, it is obvious that the building loading significantly
affects the precise engineering surveying, and it must be seriously considered in application.
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