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It is thought that satellite infrared (IR) images can aid the recognition of the structure of the cloud and aid the rainfall estimation. In this article, the authors explore the application of a classification method relevant to four texture features, viz. energy, entropy, inertial-quadrature and local calm, to the study of the structure of a cloud cluster displaying a typical meso-scale structure on infrared satellite images. The classification using the IR satellite images taken during 4–5 July 2003, a time when a meso-scale torrential rainstorm was occurring over the Yangtze River basin, illustrates that the detailed structure of the cloud cluster can be obviously seen by means of the neural network classification method relevant to textural features, and the relationship between the textural energy and rainfall indicates that the structural variation of a cloud cluster can be viewed as an exhibition of the convection intensity evolvement. These facts suggest that the scheme of following a classification method relevant to textural features applied to cloud structure studies is helpful for weather analysis and forecasting. 相似文献
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为了研究甘肃东南部相同气候背景条件下极端暴雨天气的成因,提高极端暴雨强度和落区预报的准确率,利用NCEP再分析、自动气象站降水、常规观测资料及卫星云图资料,对2013年8月7日和2017年8月7日发生在甘肃东南部两次极端暴雨进行对比分析。结果表明:两次极端暴雨天气过程都伴随着短时强降水等强对流性天气,具有降水量大、雨强强、灾害重的特点,其中冷空气的强度对暴雨落区、空间分布以及影响系统移动以及对流强度产生重要影响。在强冷空气和高空低槽、低层切变线影响下,暴雨区偏南,强降水区域小,持续时间短,不稳定条件更好,对流强度更强;在弱冷空气和高原槽、低层低涡、低空急流作用下,暴雨区偏北,强降水范围大,持续时间长,大气湿层厚度大,低层水汽辐合强度、涡度以及垂直速度更强,降水效率更高,但对流强度相对较弱。卫星云图上,在强冷空气的影响下对流发展旺盛,形成强中尺度对流云团,对流云团呈带状;在弱冷空气作用下对流云团尺度小,发展范围小,有暖云降水特征,降水效率高。 相似文献
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It is generally thought that the influence of comparable track typhoons is approximately similar,but in fact their wind and especially their rainstorm distribution are often very different. Therefore,a contrastive analysis of rainstorms by tropical cyclones (TCs) Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604),which are of a similar track,is designed to help understand the mechanism of the TC rainstorm and to improve forecasting skills. The daily rainthll of TC itaitang (0505) and Bills (0604) is diagnosed and compared.The result indicates that these two TCs have similar precipitation distribution before landtall but different precipitation characteristics after landthll. Using NCEP/GFS analysis data,the synoptic situation is analyzed; water vapor transportation is discussed regarding the calculated water vapor flux and divergence.The results show that the heavy rainfall in the Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces associated with Haitang (0505) and Bitis (0604) before landlhll results ti'om a peripheral easterly wind,a combination of the tropical cyclone and the terrain. After landthll and moving far inland of the storm,the precipitation of Haitang is caused by water vapor convergence carried by its own circulation; it is much weaker than that in the coastal area. One of the important contributing thctors to heavy rainstorms in southeast Zhejiang is a southeast jet stream,which is maintained over the southeast coast. In contrast,the South China Sea monsoon circulation transports large amounts of water vapor into Bills - when a water-vapor transport belt south of the tropical cyclone significantly strengthens - which strengthens the transport. Then,it causes water vapor flux to converge on the south side of Bilis and diverge on the north side. Precipitation is much stronger on the south side than that on the north side. After Bilis travels far inland,the cold air guided by a north trough travels into the TC and remarkably enhances precipitation. In summary,combining vertical wind shear with water vapor transportation is a good way to predict rainstorms associated with landing tropical cyclones. 相似文献
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12 severe rainstorms have been experienced by different meteorological sub-divisions of Maharashtra State during the last 100-year period from 1891-1990. For each of the rainstorms efficiency factors (i.e. P/ M ratios) were worked out for maximum one-day duration and for three standard areas of 1000, 5000, and 10,000 km2. Comparison of these ratios with the past has shown that the most efficient rainstorm over Maharashtra was the rainstorm of June, 1908 over the Vidarbha region whose full DAD data as well as isohyetal pattern have been given. 相似文献
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2004年7月黄淮特大暴雨的天气动力学分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用NCEP 1°×1°的每6 h的再分析资料和计算的几个物理参数对2004年7月黄淮最强一次特大暴雨过程进行天气动力学诊断分析。结果表明:锋生函数的水平运动项对降雨锋形成作用最大,暴雨区上空对流层中下层和上层螺旋度呈“下正上负”的垂直结构,视热源Q1和视热汇Q2的局地变化项和平流变化项分布反位相,垂直输送项的作用引起Q1和Q2的异常,异常加热中心位于对流层中高层,是由对流降水产生的凝结潜热加热所致。锋生大值区、螺旋度正的大值区、Q1和Q2的强增温区与强降水区有很好的对应关系。 相似文献
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Previous works dealing with the influence of a stone cover on runoff yield showed that runoff, attributed to the sealing effect of the topsoil by raindrops impact, was negatively related to the per cent of stone cover and stone size. These works were conducted on gentle slopes (3–11·5 degree) with a per cent of stone cover generally lower than 50 per cent, and composed of gravels. The present study deals with the runoff yield of steep talus slopes (26–36 degree) whose per cent of stone cover is very high (90–100 per cent), composed of cobbles and boulders. Three stimulated rainstorms were performed at various rainfall. intensities and durations on each one of six plots representative of the North eastern sector of Sinai. Although the contiguous stony cover prevented surface sealing by raindrops impact, runoff developed quite quickly on most slopes, and reached at peak discharge, after approximately ten minutes, up to 56 per cent of the rainfall. Differences between plots, in time lag, peak discharge and other hydrological variables, could be attributed mainly to the properties of the upper stony layer, with stone size as the most influential factor. Contrary to previous works, a positive relationship, was obtained between stone size to runoff yield. The result is explained by the process of water concentration. Each cobble and boulder behaves, on a smaller scale, like a bare rocky surface and yields per unit area water amounts beyond the infiltration rate of the limited uncovered areas. For a given stony cover the effect of water concentration is quicker with the big blocks than with gravels. A series of graphs trying to relate theoretically the relative importance of sealing and water concentration processes in runoff generation, at various conditions of stone cover and stone size, is proposed. The graphs enable to reconcile the results of the present study with those of previous works. 相似文献
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本文针对中国暴雨发生发展天气特征,改进和发展了一种适合于描述东亚暴雨的中尺度积云参数化方案.首先基于近年来(1990—2010)江淮流域汛期降水合成分析的基础上,诊断出组织化对流降水环境的动力参数;其次利用该动力参数作为动力控制条件,改进了Kain-Fritsch Eta中尺度积云对流参数化方案;最后利用改进的中尺度积云参数化方案对梅雨期暴雨、华南前汛期暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明:改进后的中尺度积云参数化方案对上述两次暴雨过程的落区及强度的模拟,均有明显改进. 相似文献
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2010年南方持续暴雨期大气环流异常及其低频特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料以及国家气候中心台站降水资料等,应用多变量经验正交函数展开（MV—EOF）等方法,对2010年南方持续暴雨期大气环流异常及其低频特征进行了分析。结果表明：2010年东亚夏季风异常偏弱、西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏南、三次季风涌的出现和高空急流与散度场活动异常及其相互配合,是南方降水异常的主要影响系统;对风场和降水场MV-EOF空间型分布的分析显示,低频降水中心与200hPa的气流辐散中心和850hPa辐合中心相关联;降水的第一模态反映了东亚夏季风的气候态演变,第二、三模态反映了夏季风在季节性推进过程中不同尺度的低频振荡,7月前半月和6月中下旬,第二、三模态分别处于低频振荡的正位相,使长江中下游梅雨和华南前汛期延迟结束,并且增强了江南的梅雨降水,夏季风的气候态演变和低频振荡相叠加导致2010年我国南方暴雨频发。 相似文献
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Twelve very heavy rainstorms that caused severe floods in Pearl River drainage basin from 1949 to 1994 are analyzed here. It is found that the rainstorms can be divided into three kinds. and they have different characteristics in circulation and physical quantities. Rainstorms that caused floods in the Xijiang River and Beijiang River usually happen during the first flood season of the year(Apr.-Jun.). They last long. cover large areas and cause severe disasters. There are Stable circulation backgrounds and complete tyontal precipitation systems, and large stratification instability fields. Rainstorms often cause floods in coastal rivers and small tributaries during the second floods season(Jul.-Sept.). They happen suddenly, last a short time but have strong raillfail intensity. They are always caused by tropical cyclones but show significant instability only in rainstorm fields.The characteristics of rainstorms causing floods in the Dongjiang River or other main tributaries are similar to the two above. That is, they may be connected with fronts or tropical cyclones, and its stability degree is between the preceding two kinds. 相似文献