Wetland hydroperiod classification in the western prairies using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar          下载免费PDF全文

Joshua S. Montgomery  Chris Hopkinson  Brian Brisco  Shane Patterson  Stewart B. Rood 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1476-1490

Wetlands represent one of the world's most biodiverse and threatened ecosystem types and were diminished globally by about two‐thirds in the 20th century. There is continuing decline in wetland quantity and function due to infilling and other human activities. In addition, with climate change, warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration are reducing wetland surface and groundwater supplies, further altering wetland hydrology and vegetation. There is a need to automate inventory and monitoring of wetlands, and as a study system, we investigated the Shepard Slough wetlands complex, which includes numerous wetlands in urban, suburban, and agricultural zones in the prairie pothole region of southern Alberta, Canada. Here, wetlands are generally confined to depressions in the undulating terrain, challenging wetlands inventory and monitoring. This study applied threshold and frequency analysis routines for high‐resolution, single‐polarization (HH) RADARSAT‐2, synthetic aperture radar mapping. This enabled a growing season surface water extent hyroperiod‐based wetland classification, which can support water and wetland resource monitoring. This 3‐year study demonstrated synthetic aperture radar‐derived multitemporal open‐water masks provided an effective index of wetland permanence class, with overall accuracies of 89% to 95% compared with optical validation data, and RMSE between 0.2 and 0.7 m between model and field validation data. This allowed for characterizing the distribution and dynamics of 4 marsh wetlands hydroperiod classes, temporary, seasonal, semipermanent, and permanent, and mapping of the sequential vegetation bands that included emergent, obligate wetland, facultative wetland, and upland plant communities. Hydroperiod variation and surface water extent were found to be influenced by short‐term rainfall events in both wet and dry years. Seasonal hydroperiods in wetlands were particularly variable if there was a decrease in the temporary or semipermanent hydroperiod classes. In years with extreme rain events, the temporary wetlands especially increased relative to longer lasting wetlands (84% in 2015 with significant rainfall events, compared with 42% otherwise).  相似文献   

Irpinia, Italy, 1980 earthquake: waveform modelling of strong motion data     

P. Suhadolc  G. F. Panza  F. Vaccari 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,101(3):631-647

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Synthetic SH seismograms in a laterally varying medium by the discrete wavenumber method   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michel Campillo  Michel Bouchon 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,83(1):307-317

Summary. We present a new method to calculate the SH wavefield produced by a seismic source in a half-space with an irregular buried interface. The diffracting interface is represented by a distribution of body forces. The Green's functions needed to solve the boundary conditions are evaluated using the discrete wavenumber method. Our approach relies on the introduction of a periodicity in the source-medium configuration and on the discretization of the interface at regular spacing. The technique developed is applicable to boundaries of arbitrary shapes and is valid at all frequencies. Some examples of calculation in simple configurations are presented showing the capabilities of the method.  相似文献   

概论机场能见度的准确预报     

张晓晖 《成都信息工程学院学报》2002,17(3):166-169

通过对影响能见度的因素的分析，提出了一种能见度预报方法－综合分析法，极大地提高了能见度的预报准确率。  相似文献   

人工合成烃类包裹体研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈勇  葛云锦 《地质论评》2008,54(6):807-813

人工合成烃类包裹体不仅可以作为分析仪器校正的标样,还可以增进人们对烃类包裹体形成机制和水—岩作用机理的认识。人工合成包裹体的方法主要有三种：人工晶体生长法、焊封石英管法和金刚石压腔法,其中利用愈合人工石英(水晶)单晶裂隙合成流体包裹体技术已成为标准的合成技术。目前人工合成烃类包裹体主要利用晶体生长法合成,包括高温高压利用石英（或方解石）晶体生长愈合裂缝形成流体包裹体和低温下采用过饱和溶液重结晶形成流体包裹体。由于高温高压条件下烃类可能发生裂解,母液保真是成功实现人工合成烃类包裹体的重要前提条件。国外在人工合成烃类包裹体研究方面已经取得了一些重要的认识,但远不及人工合成无机体系流体包裹体研究那样系统和完善。国内关于人工合成烃类包裹体研究尚处于起步阶段,迫切需要开展这方面的研究工作。  相似文献   

Monitoring Large-Scale Tests for Nuclear Waste Disposal     

Eduardo E. Alonso  Sarah M. Springman  Charles W. W. Ng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):817-826

Two large-scale “in situ” demonstration experiments and their instrumentation are described. The first test (FEBEX Experiment) involves the hydration of a compacted bentonite barrier under the combined effect of an inner source of heat and an outer water flow from the confining saturated granite rock. In the second case, the progressive de-saturation of Opalinus clay induced by maintained ventilation of an unlined tunnel is analyzed. The paper shows the performance of different sensors (capacitive cells, psychrometers, TDR’s) and a comparison of fill behaviour with modelling results. The long term performance of some instruments could also be evaluated specially in the case of FEBEX test. Capacitive sensors provide relative humidity data during long transient periods characterised by very large variations of suction within the bentonite.  相似文献   

ISD单片语音录/放器件及电路设计     

刘连吉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(3)

指出ＩＳＤ单片语言器件的独特之处，是采用直接模拟存储技术，语音信号以其原本的模拟形式直接存入模拟量存储器中并长远保存。省去了传统的Ａ／Ｄ和Ｄ／Ａ数模转换机制，能高保真的将语音内容再生。这是一种高新录／放技术。另外，给出的ＩＳＤ基本录／放电路十分简单易用。可方便地为微机系统、测控仪表电器和广播等设备所采用，使设备具有高效功能  相似文献   

Synthetic echograms generated from the relative frequency response   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Korneliussen  Rolf J; Ona  Egil 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(3):636-640

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冰心中的气候环境记录与全球变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢树成  殷鸿福 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1997,17(4):109-113

冰心是高分辨地记录全球变化的主要信息载体之一。本文总结了冰心中提取古气候和古环境信息的系列记录，包括同位素、微量气体、阴阳离子、微粒、生物和有机质等。着重讨论了由这些记录提取的古气候和古环境变化方面的研究进展，并提出了今后的研究重点。  相似文献   

A climatology of mesoscale model simulated low-level wind jets over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, Alaska     

Haibo Liu  Peter Q. Olsson  Karl P. Volz  Han Yi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):551

Weather in the North Gulf of Alaska is characterized by a high frequency of deep synoptic-scale low-pressure systems, especially during the cold season. The strong pressure gradients of these storms interact with the extremely rugged terrain of the coastal mountains to produce a variety of channeled flows. These surface wind regimes are not well documented in the scientific community, due to the paucity of observations. Modeling of these phenomena in regions of complex terrain is of great interest to those working with hydrodynamic, wave, and pollutant transport models in coastal and shelf areas. Such models, when coupled with ocean and coastal-ecology counterparts, give a broad view of the role surface winds play in shaping local coastal marine ecosystem in this region. This paper presents a climatology of simulated low-level wind jets over the domain of Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait along Alaska's south-central coast. Daily simulations using the RAMS model were conducted in a 36-h forecast mode for the cold-season period 10/1/03 to 3/31/04. Systematic analysis of the resulting simulated low-level wind field makes it possible to characterize these jets and gap flows in spatial and temporal detail. The comparison between the RAMS winds and the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-derived winds when available verifies the existence of these wind jets and the capability of the model to simulate these cases. Clearly, the results of a study in this region depend on the fidelity of the model at these scales (O[5 km]). The SAR comparisons attempt to help establish this. From the 6 months of simulations over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, the low-level wind jets are classified into 10 different regimes by location and orientation. These regimes are categorized into four more general groups: cross-channel westerly, easterly, and up and down Inlet flows. The nature of a particular regime is largely a function of pressure gradient orientation and local topography. Jets in the same group have a similar occurrence distribution with time. Some form of jet occurred in the study region almost daily each month of the period, with December 2003 having the highest frequency of wind jets.  相似文献