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Tereza Cristina Junqueira-Brod Jos Carlos Gaspar Jos Affonso Brod Camilla Vasconcelos Kafino 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):337-353
Kamafugitic rocks intruded the Precambrian basement and Phanerozoic sediments at the northeast border of the Paraná basin as part of the Late Cretaceous Goiás alkaline province (GAP). Plutonic complexes dominate the north of the province, whereas lavas and pyroclastic rocks prevail in the south. The central GAP is characterized by kamafugitic diatremes, which may crop out continuously for up to 850 m and consist of a central breccia body, surrounded and overlain by lava flows and crosscut by dykes. The breccias contain some special spheroidal juvenile fragments—namely, accretionary and armored lapilli, frozen droplets, spinning droplets, and wrapped fragments—whose textural and mineralogical aspects are described in detail. Irregularly shaped tuff pockets that occur within the breccias contain textures and structures similar to those of subaerial surge deposits and formed in confined, high gas to solid+liquid ratio domains in the conduit. Diatreme emplacement affected the country rock through thermal metamorphism, development of columnar jointing, and formation of peperite-like mixtures. There is no evidence of phreatomagmatic activity in the diatremes, and CO2, rather than H2O, seems to have been the major volatile component of the kamafugitic magmas. This finding implies that features such as accretionary lapilli and peperites are not exclusively associated with H2O-dominated processes. 相似文献
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甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩火山作用及其构造含义 总被引：27，自引：6，他引：27
钾霞橄黄长岩是一种产于大洋和/或大陆环境,尤以大陆裂谷最为多见的超钾质火山岩,也是世界上出露最少的火成岩之一,目前世界只有少数几个国家和地区有这类岩石的报道.甘肃西秦岭新生代火山岩是我国目前唯一有报道的钾霞橄黄长岩产区.本文详细介绍了西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩及深源包体的岩石学特征,提供了该区13个岩体30个具代表性的全岩化学和主要矿物的化学成分分析结果,6个具代表性的Sr,Nd,Pb同位素分析结果,以及2个火山岩全岩Ar/Ar同位素定年结果.研究表明西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩主要是中新世火山作用的产物.火山岩的化学成分贫SiO2和Al2O3,富MgO,CaO,TiO2和(K2O+Na2O),以及具有高的[MgO]值(平均大于68)和NNiO
含量(平均在0.3%以上).火山岩中含有丰富的深源包体,岩石的结晶程度很差.所有这些表明西秦岭存在原生钾霞橄黄长岩浆.而且本区钾霞橄黄长岩与碳酸岩密切共生,显示了典型的大陆区钾霞橄黄长岩的特征.火山岩的∑REE在365×10-6～649×10-6之间,其中轻稀土总量(∑LREE)达319×10-6～569×10,尤以强烈富集大离子轻石元素(K、Rb、Sr、Ba)和相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta等)为特征.火山岩具有相对高的143Nd/144Nd值(0.512768～0.512911),相对低的87Sr/86Sr值(0.70412～0.70525)和206Pb/204Pb(18.418～18.625).εNd介于+1.
8209～+2.1002之间,207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为15.476～15.551和38.618～38.792.本区火山岩的Sr,Nd和Pb同位素与东非裂谷,意大利,德国等地的钾霞橄黄长岩不同,也与青藏高原周边其它地区的钾质火山岩不同.结合火山岩中深源包体温压计算结果,以及火山岩的形成时代,大地构造背景及地球物理资料的分析,对火山岩产出的构造环境及起源和成因进行了初步讨论.提出本区钾霞橄黄长岩火山作用是印度-欧亚板块碰撞后青藏高原强烈隆升在周边地区的反映,本区原生钾霞橄黄长岩岩浆直接起源于地幔,其成因与岩石圈伸展的条件下,岩石圈底部热边界层(TBL)的低度部分熔融有关.这种热边界层(TBL)在发生岩浆作用之前是被来自软流圈深部的流体和/或熔体交代富集过的地幔. 相似文献
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Ultramafic Xenoliths From a Kamafugite Lava in Cenozoic Volcanic Field of West Qinling, China and Its Geological Implication 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS FROM A KAMAFUGITE LAVA IN CENOZOIC VOLCANIC FIELD OF WEST QINLING, CHINA AND ITS GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATION 相似文献
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At Oricola (Aquila-Abruzzo, Italy) carbonatite is associated with phonolitic foidite tuff. The Oricola carbonatite contains fresh silicate glass of kamafugitic foidite composition which, compared with carbonate, shows similar trace element patterns but lower concentrations. As a whole, the mineralogy of the Oricola rocks matches that of the neighbouring Grotta del Cervo kamafugitic foidite and carbonatitic foidite and is in the range of the Intramountain Ultralkaline Province (IUP) of melilitites and carbonatites of Italy.
The IUP carbonatites and kamafugitic foidites definitely form intra-outcrop conjugate pairs. All these co-eruptive rocks have parallel trace element patterns, namely REE, which implies a dilution–concentration relationship among them but always with higher contents in primary calcite. Based on current textural and compositional criteria, as well as comparable experimental data, we attribute this feature to liquid immiscibility dominant over crystal fractionation at crustal pressure. This relatively late immiscibility phenomenon is superimposed on co-magmatic features shown by inter-outcrop conjugate rock couples. In fact if we consider San Venanzo kamafugite and Polino Ca-carbonatite, or Grotta del Gervo kamafugite and Oricola Ca-carbonatite, we note couple by couple that they are chemical heteromorphs erupted in isolation in different place. The REE distribution is another distinctive feature of these couples and shows a marked crossover at MREE level. A fact we interpret as produced by near mantle-solidus immiscibility. After this early phenomenon the two members of the couple can erupt in a near primary state carrying mantle xenoliths or undergo some evolution including settling out mantle xenoliths and crystals and fractionation and finally exsolve a carbonatitic residuum by immiscibility. 相似文献
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甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的微量、稀土和Sr，Nd，Pb同位素地球化学：地幔柱-岩石圈交换的证据 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩具有强烈富集LILE和LREE的特征，经球粒陨石标准化的REE分配模式与OIB十分相似。钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的(^87Sr／^86Sr)i分别在0．70381～0．70940和0．70529～0．71332之间，^144Nd／^143Nd分别介于0．512404～0．512924和0．512210～0．512928之间。经计算获得多数样品的εNd落在-3．4～5．58范围内，与OIB的εNd值一致。这两类岩石的^208Pb／^204Pb、^207Pb/^204Pb和^206Pb／^204Pb分别为37．613～39．330和38．060～38．995，15．842～16．441和15.545～15．677，以及18．418～22．4和18．149～19．062。采用主量元素MgO—Ni和ε(Nd)-(^87Sr/^86Sr)相关图，以及高场强元素比值Zr／Nb—La／Nb和Ba／La—Ba／Nb相关图以及。^208Pb／^204Pb-^206Pb/^204Pb，^207Pb／^204Pb-^206Pb／^204Pb相关图，一致证明本区火山岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征，且源区具有EM1和EM11富集端员的混合。但是本区火山岩高的Nb／Ta比和强烈富集Nb等高场强元素，以及较高的^144Nd／^143Nd值，表明该火山岩地球化学具有某种特殊性。结合对西秦岭深部地球物理资料及地质构造背景和演化历史的分析，提出西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的成因与地幔柱的活动有关，源区包含了EM1和EM11富集端员的组分。EM1和EM11富集端员的成因与地幔柱/软流圈流体的作用有关，也与大洋板片的脱水作用和大陆岩石圈的拆层作用有关。该区特殊的大地构造背景和演化历史为上述几种作用的联合提供了可能。它不仅较好地解释了该火山岩地球化学方面的特殊性，及钾霞橄黄长岩与碳酸岩共生的事实，同时也证明新生代火山岩的成因是地幔柱．岩石圈相互作用的产物。 相似文献
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Patricia Barbosa de Albuquerque Sgarbi Jos Carlos Gaspar 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8):236
This work focuses on the kamafugites from Santo Antônio da Barra, Minas–Goiás Alkaline Province. These rocks contain olivine, clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, perovskite, leucite (pseudomorphs), kalsilite, nepheline, and phlogopite.The rocks investigated are ultrabasic, with high contents of CaO, FeO, and TiO2, high to moderate contents of Al2O3, alkalis, and P2O5, and low contents of MgO. The alkaline characteristic of the rocks is reflected in TiO2, K2O, and Na2O contents and in the frequent presence of normative nepheline and leucite. K2O contents are not primary since most of the leucite was replaced by analcime.The negative K anomaly verified in the extended incompatible element distribution diagram for kamafugites seems to be mainly related to alteration. Kamafugites are characterized by a marked enrichment in incompatible and large ion lithophile elements together with other typical compatible elements.The Santo Antônio da Barra kamafugites are less enriched in titanium, niobium, zirconium, and REE than the Mata da Corda and most of the Toro-Ankole ones. San Venanzo–Cupaello rocks have much lower titanium contents. 相似文献
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Patrícia B. A. Sgarbi Larry M. Heaman Jos Carlos Gaspar 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2004,16(8):95
We present the results of a U–Pb perovskite age study of kamafugites from Mata da Corda (MC) and Santo Antônio da Barra (SAB), Minas-Goiás alkaline province, Brazil. Perovskite crystals were separated from MC mafurites, ugandites, and cognate pyroxenites, as well as from SAB melilite mafurite. The range of ages of Brazilian kamafugitic samples is 15 Ma. The 206Pb/238U perovskite ages generally cluster into three age groupings: 88–90, 80–81, and 75–76 Ma. The two younger periods of kamafugitic magmatism occur in the MC area, whereas the older samples are from the SAB area. These new age results provide the first robust evidence of a progressive eastward younging of mafic alkaline magmatism, most likely related to a mantle plume hotspot track. 相似文献
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